Association of the glycemic background patterns and the diabetes management efficacy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.

The collaborative cross mouse for studying the effect of host genetic background on memory impairments due to obesity and diabetes

Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.

The CCD instrument background of the SMILE SXI

The ESA and CAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation environments.The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is high.The shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen Belts.Therefore,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and closed.The instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two environments.Due to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two extremes.The results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar maxima.This is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

STABILITY OF TRANSONIC SHOCKS TO THE EULER-POISSON SYSTEM WITH VARYING BACKGROUND CHARGES

This paper is devoted to studying the stability of transonic shock solutions to the Euler-Poisson system in a one-dimensional nozzle of finite length.The background charge in the Poisson equation is a piecewise constant function.The structural stability of the steady transonic shock solution is obtained by the monotonicity argument.Furthermore,this transonic shock is proved to be dynamically and exponentially stable with respect to small perturbations of the initial data.One of the crucial ingredients of the analysis is to establish the global well-posedness of a free boundary problem for a quasilinear second order equation with nonlinear boundary conditions.

Characteristics of Lightning Activity in Southeast China and its Relation to the Atmospheric Background

Based on the lightning observation data from the Fengyun-4A(FY-4A)Lightning Mapping Imager(FY-4A/LMI)and the Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)on the International Space Station(ISS),we extract the“event”type data as the lightning detection results.These observations are then compared with the cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning observation data from the China Meteorological Administration.This study focuses on the characteristics of lightning activity in Southeast China,primarily in Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas,from April to September,2017–2022.In addition,with the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data,we further delved into the potential factors influencing the distribution and variations in lightning activity and their primary related factors.Our findings indicate that the lightning frequency and density of the FY-4A/LMI,ISS-LIS and CG data are higher in southern and central Jiangxi,central Fujian Province,and western and central Guangdong Province,while they tend to be lower in eastern Hunan Province.In general,the high-value areas of lightning density for the FY-4A/LMI are located in inland mountainous areas.The lower the latitude is,the higher the CG lightning density is.High-value areas of the CG lightning density are more likely to be located in eastern Fujian and southeastern Zhejiang Province.However,the high-value areas of lightning density for the ISS-LIS are more dispersed,with a scattered distribution in inland mountainous areas and along the coast of eastern Fujian.Thus,the mountainous terrain is closely related to the high-value areas of the lightning density.The locations of the high-value areas of the lightning density for the FY-4A/LMI correspond well with those for the CG observations,and the seasonal variations are also consistent.In contrast,the distribution of the high-value areas of the lightning density for the ISS-LIS is more dispersed.The positions of the peak frequency of the FY-4A/LMI lightning and CG lightning contrast with local altitudes,primarily located at lower altitudes or near mountainsides.K-index and convective available potential energy(CAPE)can better reflect the local boundary layer conditions,where the lightning density is higher and lightning seasonal variations are apparent.There are strong correlations in the annual variations between the dew-point temperature(Td)and CG lightning frequency,and the monthly variations of the dew-point temperature and CAPE are also strongly correlated with monthly variations of CG lightning,while they are weakly correlated with the lightning frequency for the FY-4A/LMI and ISS-LIS.This result reflects that the CAPE shows a remarkable effect on the CG lightning frequency during seasonal transitions.

Gravitational Waves Background, as Well as Some UFO, FRB and Supernova Flares, Are Due to Compressibility of the Spacetime (CoST)

The recently observed gravitational wave background is explained in terms of the quantum modification of the general relativity (Qmoger). Some UFO, FRB and supernova flares also can be explained in terms of Qmoger.

Comparative Analysis of Energy Characteristics of Two Southwest Vortices in Sichuan Under Similar Circulation Backgrounds

Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the present study analyzed the thermal energy development mechanism and kinetic energy conversion characteristics of two extreme rainstorm processes in relation to the shallow southwest vortex in the warm-sector during a“rain-generated vortex”process and the deep southwest vortex in a“vortex-generated rain”process.The findings were as follows:(1)During the extreme rainstorm on August 11,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·11”process),intense surface heating and a high-energy unstable environment were observed.The mesoscale convergence system triggered convection to produce heavy rainfall,and the release of latent condensation heat generated by the rainfall promoted the formation of a southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy preceded the increase(decrease)in vorticity.By contrast,the extreme rainstorm on August 16,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·16”process)involved the generation of southwest vortex in a low-energy and highhumidity environment.The dynamic uplift of the southwest vortex triggered rainfall,and the release of condensation latent heat from rainfall further strengthened the development of the southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy exhibited a delayed progression compared to the increase(decrease)in vorticity.(2)The heating effect around the southwest vortex region was non-uniform,and the heating intensity varied in different stages.In the“8·11”process,the heating effect was the strongest in the initial stage,but weakened during the vortex's development.On the contrary,the heating effect was initially weak in the“8·16”process,and intensified during the development stage.(3)The available potential energy of the“8·11”process significantly increased in kinetic energy converted from rotational and divergent winds through baroclinic action,and the divergent wind energy continued to convert into rotational wind energy.By contrast,the“8·16”process involved the conversion of rotational wind energy into divergent wind energy,which in turn converted kinetic energy back into available potential energy,thereby impeding the further development and maintenance of the southwest vortex.

Optimal Insurance with Background Risk under the Ambiguity and Belief Heterogeneity Structure

In this paper, we discuss the optimal insurance in the presence of background risk while the insured is ambiguity averse and there exists belief heterogeneity between the insured and the insurer. We give the optimal insurance contract when maxing the insured’s expected utility of his/her remaining wealth under the smooth ambiguity model and the heterogeneous belief form satisfying the MHR condition. We calculate the insurance premium by using generalized Wang’s premium and also introduce a series of stochastic orders proposed by [1] to describe the relationships among the insurable risk, background risk and ambiguity parameter. We obtain the deductible insurance is the optimal insurance while they meet specific dependence structures.

Ratio of Gravitational Force to Electric Force from Empirical Equations in Terms of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature

Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (Tc) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10−11 m3∙kg−1∙s−2, respectively. Every equation could be explained in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λe), the Compton length of a proton (λp) and a. Furthermore, every equation could also be explained in terms of Avogadro’s number and the number of electrons in 1 C. However, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force cannot be uniquely determined when the unit of the Planck constant (Js) is changed. In this study, we showed that every equation can be described in terms of Planck constant. From the assumption of minimum mass, the ratio of gravitational force to electric force could be elucidated.

Algorithms for Empirical Equations in Terms of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature

Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (Tc) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10−11 m3∙kg−1∙s−2, respectively. Every equation can be explained numerically in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λe), the Compton length of a proton (λp) and α. Furthermore, every equation can also be explained in terms of the Avogadro number and the number of electrons at 1 C. We show that every equation can be described in terms of the Planck constant. Then, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force can be uniquely determined with the assumption of minimum mass. In this report, we describe the algorithms used to explain these equations in detail. Thus, there are no dimension mismatch problems.

Correspondence Principle for Empirical Equations in Terms of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature with Solid-State Ionics

Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature that were mathematically connected. Next, we proposed an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (Tc) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10-11 m3·kg-1·s-2, respectively. Every equation can be explained in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λe), the Compton length of a proton (λp) and α. However, these equations are difficult to follow. Using the correspondence principle with the thermodynamic principles in solid-state ionics, we propose a canonical ensemble to explain these equations in this report. For this purpose, we show that every equation can be explained in terms of Avogadro’s number and the number of electrons in 1 C.

Innovative Research on Enterprise Marketing Strategies under the Background of New Media

Marketing is one of the comprehensive development strategies for production-oriented and service-oriented enterprises, and it is also an effective path to increase income and revenue for enterprises. By operating and selling the main products, services, cultural concepts, and many more of the enterprise in a market-oriented manner. We aim to deepen the impression of the enterprise among consumers, enhance its market influence, and seek more opportunities for cooperation and development for the enterprise. However, with increasingly fierce market competition, traditional marketing models are no longer able to maximize their effectiveness. This article firstly analyzes the positive impact of new media background on enterprise marketing in expanding the scope of information release, improving marketing targeting, and creating new marketing platforms. Secondly, it explores the problems faced by enterprises in the current marketing process, such as outdated ideological concepts, insufficient team building, and rigid marketing content. Finally, strategies such as updating marketing concepts, strengthening team building, and innovating marketing content were proposed to provide some reference and inspiration for enterprises to smoothly promote marketing work under the background of new media.

Research on the Communication and Development of Heilongjiang Cultural and Creative Industry under the Background of“Belt and Road”

This paper focuses on the research on the dissemination and development of cultural and creative industries in Heilongjiang Province under the background of“Belt and Road.”Firstly,the paper analyzes the main characteristics of cultural and creative industries in Heilongjiang Province and then puts forward the leading advantages of the government to promote the development of cultural and creative industries.The government gives full play to its regional advantages and creates Longjiang cultural products,while also accelerating regional industrial cooperation and innovative cultural communication forms.In-depth discussion is made on integrating scientific and technological means of the times and strengthening the cultivation of innovative talents.The government optimizes the communication and development path of the Heilongjiang cultural entrepreneurship industry and brings positive influence to the stable development of the Heilongjiang region in the future.

墨西哥全球尺度土壤铜地球化学背景与异常特征

墨西哥是拉丁美洲经济大国和世界重要的矿业生产国。本文首次根据墨西哥全境全球尺度地球化学填图287件深层(C层)土壤组合样品铜元素含量测试结果,制作了1∶8000000 C层土壤铜地球化学图,从全球尺度角度研究了墨西哥C层土壤铜地球化学背景和空间分布特征,圈定了墨西哥铜主要地球化学异常,主要取得如下结论:(1)墨西哥全球尺度C层土壤铜含量为3.6~129.0μg/g,铜含量平均值和中位值分别为20.3和15.9μg/g,背景值为15.6μg/g。恰帕斯高原和南马德雷岛弧带构造单元中铜的中位值显著大于其他构造单元,背景值高于全境背景值。(2)墨西哥全球尺度C层土壤铜地球化学图显示,铜含量分布不均,总体呈南高北低、西高东低的格局。(3)墨西哥全球尺度C层土壤铜地球化学异常图共圈定铜地球化学异常10处,8处达到地球化学巨省规模,两处达到地球化学省规模。从铜地球化学信息和已有矿床的套合情况来看,墨西哥南部南马德雷山脉和恰帕斯山脉可能成为墨西哥铜的重要找矿远景区。

一种前后台结合的Pipelined ADC校准技术

针对Pipelined模数转换器(ADC)中采样电容失配和运放增益误差带来的非线性问题,提出了一种前后台结合的Pipelined ADC校准技术。前台校准技术通过对ADC量化结果的余量分析,补偿相应流水级的量化结果,后台校准技术基于伪随机(PN)注入的方式,利用PN的统计特性校准增益误差。本校准技术在系统级建模和RTL级电路设计的基础上,实现了现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)验证并成功流片。测试结果显示,在1 GS/s采样速率下,校准精度为14 bit的Pipelined ADC的有效位数从9.30 bit提高到9.99 bit,信噪比提高约4 dB,无杂散动态范围提高9.5 dB,积分非线性(INL)降低约10 LSB。

基于前后景分割的图像情感分析

图像是生活中重要的信息源之一,对其所表达的内容进行细节分析,可以更充分地利用信息资源。随着信息化的快速发展,针对图像模态开展情感分析工作已成为目前研究的一大热点。图像情感分析的主要环节依次为:情感特征提取、情感空间的选择、特征融合和情感识别分类。现有的大部分图像情感分析工作以图像整体为单位进行输入,未能充分发挥图像中局部特征的情感作用。如果不能对图像的全局特征和局部特征作出区分,当图像出现清晰度不高、背景噪声较多等问题时,图像的全局特征就会变得较为敏感,特征提取和识别工作将会受到严重干扰,对情感分析的准确性产生一定影响。针对目前图像情感分析存在的不足,提出一种基于前后景分割的图像情感分析方法。该方法以YOLOv5为框架,引入ConvNeXt模块和AFF模块,分别进行特征提取和注意力融合。实验结果表明,与目前比较流行的几种图像情感分析方法相比,该方法对于包含更多情感信息和语义信息的场景更为适用,性能也有所提升。

信息化背景下水下导航领域新形态教材建设研究

水下导航系统是实现航行器正常功能的保障,其具有广阔的应用场景,因此,对于相关教材的要求也随新时代技术的发展而提高,传统纸质水下导航教材承载内容形式有限且单一,对于满足日常教学及学习要求已经相形见绌。近年来,在信息化背景下,国家对于新形态教材的建设及高等教育数字化转型发行诸多支持政策。该文根据现存的文献进行综合和梳理,开展信息化背景下水下导航新形态教材建设的研究,研究包含对新形态教材理论、建设原则、建设思路与路径、教材与课程融合等方面。同时介绍对于水下导航系统新形态教材建设的路径,提出“三管齐下”的资源库建设,“高利用率”平台层的改良以及“全数字化”展示层的设计。为其他科目实现新形态教材建设提供新思路、新智慧、新方法。

创始人技术背景在企业风险投资获取中的作用研究

基于信号理论,将创始人技术背景作为减少企业与风险投资机构间信息不对称的有效信号,研究创始人技术教育背景、技术工作经历及技术知识资产对企业风险投资规模的异质性影响,并考察创始人横向关系网络的调节作用。然后,利用2014—2020年152家生物医药行业创业企业数据进行实证检验,结果发现:①创始人技术教育背景与技术工作经历对风险投资规模具有正向影响,技术知识资产具有负向影响,但技术工作经历的正向影响并不显著;②创始人横向关系网络显著弱化了技术教育背景与技术工作经历对风险投资规模的积极作用,却显著强化了技术知识资产对风险投资规模的消极作用。

基于局部-地理加权回归的时变谐波阻抗估计

现有研究中通常假定电力系统谐波阻抗恒定,但不符合真实工况中情况。实际中,系统侧谐波阻抗和背景谐波随运行工况时变,当两谐波电压样本点时间间隔较大时,对应时刻的阻抗和背景谐波的差值可能较大,难以根据时间间隔较远样本点的信息估计关注样本点的阻抗值。由此,文中提出一种基于局部-地理加权回归的时变系统侧谐波阻抗估计方法,首先依据时间间隔大小构建权重矩阵,对与关注样本点时间间隔较大的样本点赋予较小权重,并采用局部加权回归(locally weighted regression,LWR)初步估计系统侧谐波阻抗和背景谐波参考值。然后利用阻抗参考值修正回归方程以降低原回归方程的欠定程度,同时以背景谐波参考值为先验信息,筛选出与关注样本点背景谐波相似的样本点,再基于所筛选样本逐一采用地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)求解各点的背景谐波电压和系统侧谐波阻抗。在强背景谐波波动的情况下,文中所提方法能识别阻抗的突变点、估计系统侧谐波阻抗的变化趋势。最后通过仿真分析可知,文中所提方法相对于传统恒定谐波阻抗估计方法,估计准确度提升约40%;相对于现有变阻抗估计方法,估计准确度提升约30%。

数字经济、高管环保背景与企业绿色创新

推动数字经济发展,促进企业绿色创新,对我国同时实现经济增长和环境友好型发展具有重要意义。文章以2011—2021年A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了数字经济对企业绿色创新的影响。研究发现,数字经济能够促进企业绿色创新水平的提高,且高管环保背景能够正向调节数字经济对企业绿色创新的影响,作用机制发现数字经济发展能够通过提升企业研发投入和增强环境规制来实现对企业绿色创新的正向影响。异质性检验发现,当企业为高科技企业、ESG表现较好时,数字经济对绿色创新的促进作用更为显著。研究结论能为提高企业的绿色创新水平提供一定的指导,对我国实现绿色转型发展具有一定的贡献价值。