A Three-section Algorithm of Dynamic Programming Based on Three-stage Decomposition System Model for Grade Transition Trajectory Optimization Problems

This paper introduces a practical solving scheme of gradetransition trajectory optimization(GTTO) problems under typical certificate-checking–updating framework. Due to complicated kinetics of polymerization,differential/algebraic equations(DAEs) always cause great computational burden and system non-linearity usually makes GTTO non-convex bearing multiple optima. Therefore, coupled with the three-stage decomposition model, a three-section algorithm of dynamic programming(TSDP) is proposed based on the general iteration mechanism of iterative programming(IDP) and incorporated with adaptivegrid allocation scheme and heuristic modifications. The algorithm iteratively performs dynamic programming with heuristic modifications under constant calculation loads and adaptively allocates the valued computational resources to the regions that can further improve the optimality under the guidance of local error estimates. TSDP is finally compared with IDP and interior point method(IP) to verify its efficiency of computation.

Estimating regional coal resource efficiency in China using three-stage DEA and bootstrap DEA models

Based on three-stage data envelopment analysis(DEA) model estimates of resource utilization efficiency of coal,we selected 29 provinces from China's 2012 input-output data and used the bootstrap DEA model to correct the bias.The results show that the mean overall technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency was 0.833,0.998,and 0.711 in 2012,respectively.Moreover,the comprehensive technical efficiency score indicates that the scale is invalid.Area utilization efficiencies for the eastern,central,and western regions were 0.917,0.731,and 0.629,respectively.The results prove that there are significant differences in the distribution of coal resources utilization efficiency across regions.

Investigation on seismic response of a three-stage soil slope supported by anchor frame structure

Based on a typical prototype of a soil slope in engineering practice, a numerical model of a three-stage soil slope supported by the anchor frame structure was established by means of FLAC3D code. The dynamic responses of three-stage soil slope and frame structure were studied by performing a series of bidirectional Wenchuan motions in terms of the failure mode of three-stage structure, the acceleration of soil slope, the displacement of frame structure, and the anchor stress of frame structure. The response accelerations in both horizontal and vertical directions are the most largely amplified at the slope top of each stage subjected to different shaking cases. The platforms among the stages reduce the amplification effect of response acceleration. The residual displacement of frame structure increases significantly as the intensity of shaking case increases. The frame structure at each stage presents a combined displacement mode consisting of a translation and a rotation around the vertex. The anchor stress of frame structure is mainly increased by the first intense pulse of Wenchuan seismic wave, and it is sensitive to the intensity of shaking case. The anchor stress of frame structure at the first stage is the most considerably enlarged by earthquake loading.

Production Efficiency of Two-Oriented Agriculture Based on Three-Stage DEA Model

Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measurement error of traditional data envelopment analysis caused by ignoring random,three-stage DEA model was studied to remove environmental factors and random effects.On the foundation of this model was two-oriented agriculture comprehensive production efficiency of 14 cities were estimated in Hunan Province in 2008,and brown forth corresponding policy proposals to promote agricultural development.

An Analysis of Operational Efficiency of Agricultural Insurance Agency:Based on Three-Stage DEA Model

From the perspective of agricultural insurance agency,this paper focuses on the study of operational efficiency of agricultural insurance agency,and analyzes the operational efficiency of agricultural insurance agency and its influencing factors,in order to improve the operational efficiency of agricultural insurance agency,better supply agricultural insurance and achieve the policy effect of agricultural insurance.The results of this paper are as follows:( i) Either comprehensive operational efficiency or scale efficiency of Chinese-funded agency is higher than that of foreign-funded agency,but its pure technical efficiency is lower than that of foreign-funded agency,indicating that the managerial decision ability of Chinese-funded agency is weaker than that of foreign-funded agency,and needs to be improved;( ii) The operational efficiency of professional agricultural insurance agency is higher than that of comprehensive agricultural insurance agency,and the agricultural insurance agency is greatly affected by environmental factors;( iii) The operating time of agricultural insurance agency is proportional to its operational efficiency;( iv) The quality of employees is positively correlated with the capital and cost input difference,but negatively correlated with the difference in the number of employees. Therefore,it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of employees' working efficiency while laying emphasis on employees' quality.

Contribution to the Optimization of the Transient Stability of an Electric Power Transmission Network Using a Universal Power Flow Compensator Controlled by a Three-Stage Inverter

The use of an electrical network as close as possible to its limits can lead to its instability in the event of a high amplitude disturbance. The damping of system oscillations can be achieved by conventional means of voltage and speed regulation but also by FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) devices, which are increasingly used in power networks. In this work, optimal control coordination between a hybrid power flow controller and a three-level inverter was used to improve the transient stability of a transmission line. The UPFC is a combination of a serial compensator (SSSC) and a parallel compensator (STATCOM) both connected to a DC-LINK DC bus. The SSSC acts as a voltage source for the network and injects a voltage that can be adjusted in phase and amplitude in addition to the network voltage;the STATCOM acts as a current source. The approach used is tested in the Matlab Simulink environment on a single machine network. Optimal controller tuning gives a better transient stability improvement by reducing the transport angle oscillations from 248.17% to 9.85%.

Improving Bandwidth of Three-Stage Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve Based on Speed-Feedback

In order to improve the dynamic response bandwidth of three-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve,a new method,speed-feedback control is presented in this paper.The construction and principle of three-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve are explained,and the mathematical model of three-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve is built in frequency domain.Experimental and simulation results show that the bandwidth compared with proportional control is improved under speed-feedback control.Moreover,the research results play an important role in developing high performance three-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve.

Numerical Simulation of Enhanced Oil-Water Separation in a Three-Stage Double-Stirring Extraction Tank

Numerical simulation of enhanced fluid flow characteristics in a three-stage double-stirring extraction tank was conducted with the coupling of an Eulerian multiphase flow model and a Morsi-Alexander interphase drag force model. Results show that the addition of a stirring device into the settler can efficiently reduce the volume fraction of out-of-phase impurity in the outlet, and accelerate the settling separation of oil-water mixture. Such addition can also effectively break down the oil-water-wrapped liquid droplets coming from the mixer, inhibit reflux from the outlet, and improve the oil-water separation. The addition of a stirring device induces ignorable power consumption compared with that by the mixer, and can thus facilitate the commercialized promotion of this novel equipment.

A Unique Orogenic System with Three-Stage Rapakivi Granites in the World：Proterozoic,Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Rapakivi Granites in the China Central Orogenic System

Objective Rapakivi granites,characterized by rapakivi texture,Atype granite feature and an anorogenic setting,commonly occur in the Proterozoic of the Northern Hemisphere（Fig.la）.Recently,more and more Phanerozoic rapakivi granite suites have been identified and some even occur in orogenic belts.Significantly,three-stage,Proterozoic.

A Comparative Study on the Land Use Efficiency of Three Urban Agglomerations-Based on the Three-Stage DEA Model

This paper uses a three-stage DEA model to measure the land use efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and the Pearl River Delta from 2007 to 2018.The following conclusions are drawn through research:first,the urban land use efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and the Pearl River Delta all showed a downward trend,with the rates of decline being 6.06%,2.86%,and 24.34%respectively.In particular,the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration had the largest decline.Second,the overall urban land use efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is relatively high,and the amount of redundancy is relatively small.The rate of decline is significantly lower than the urban land use efficiency of the two major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.The land use efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations is in a state of continuous decline.Third,the proportion of cities with the effectiveness of returns to scale of urban land use efficiency in the three major urban agglomerations has decreased by 10.53%,10%,and 33.34%,respectively.The Pearl River Delta has the largest decline.Fourth,the land use efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is quite different.The central-peripheral phenomenon is evident for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations.

Effects of standardized three-stage rehabilitation combined with edaravone therapy on the neurotrophic state and oxidative stress injury in patients with cerebral infarction

Objective: To investigate the effects of standardized three-stage rehabilitation combined with edaravone therapy on the neurotrophic state and oxidative stress injury in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: A total of 90 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were treated in the hospital between May 2015 and April 2017 were divided into control group (n=45) and observation group (n=45) by random number table. Control group received edaravone therapy, and observation group received standardized three-stage rehabilitation combined with edaravone therapy. The differences in neurotrophic state and oxidative stress injury were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of neurotrophic indexes and oxidative stress indexes between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, serum neurotrophic indexes BDNF and NGF levels of observation group were higher than those of control group;serum oxidation indexes AOPPs, LHP and MDA levels were lower than those of control group whereas SOD, CAT and T-AOC levels were higher than those of control group. Conclusion:Standardized three-stage rehabilitation combined with edaravone therapy can effectively optimize the neurotrophic state and inhibit the oxidative stress in patients with cerebral infarction.

A CENTRAL-STAGE BUFFERED THREE-STAGE CLOS SWITCHING FABRIC AND THE SCHEDULING ALGORITHM

Current MSM switching fabric has poor performance under unbalanced traffic. This paper presents an alternative, novel Central-stage Buffered Three-stage Clos switching (CB-3Clos) fabric and proves that this fabric can emulate output queuing switch without any speedup. By analyzing the condition to satisfy the central-stage load-balance, this paper also proposes a Central-stage Load-balanced-based Distributed Scheduling algorithm (CLDS) for CB-3Clos. The results show that, compared with Concurrent Round-Robin based Dispatching (CRRD) algorithm based on MSM, CLDS algorithm has high throughput irrespective with the traffic model and better performance in mean packet delay.

Two-Stage Inspection Model Based on a Three-Stage Failure Process

As the non-periodic inspections are common in practice,a two-stage inspection model based on a three-stage failure process is proposed. The two-stage inspection means that the system is inspected with the first inspection interval T_1 and the second inspection interval T_2. Because of the three color schemes commonly used in industry,three stages are divided by the system lifetime:normal, minor defective and severe defective stages. Upon the failure of the system,replacement is carried out. Maintenance is done once identifying the severe defective stage. However,when the minor defective stage is identified by the second inspection interval T_2,action of halving the subsequent inspection interval is adopted.Otherwise,no action is required. Our objective function is to optimize the inspection intervals so as to minimize the expected cost per unit time. Finally,a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Calculation of Agricultural Production Efficiency Based on a Three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis Model and Analysis of the Spatial-temporal Characteristics: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

In response to the strategic call for the " Great Protection" of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to fulfill the important historical tasks assigned by the state to the provinces and cities of the area,the Yangtze River Economic Belt is adjusting the agricultural industry structure,optimizing the input-output ratio,and ensuring stable and sustainable agricultural production. Based on the combination of the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis( DEA) model and cluster analysis,this study examined the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2018 to measure its agricultural production efficiency and to analyze its temporal and spatial characteristics. Studies showed that exogenous environmental factors significantly( P < 5%) impacted agricultural production efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,and there were temporal and spatial differences. These included:(1) after excluding environmental factors,the overall agricultural production efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Zone had improved. Sichuan Province and Jiangsu Province were at the forefront of efficiency,whereas the agricultural production efficiency of Shanghai had declined obviously.(2) The agricultural production efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt varied year by year,with fluctuating development. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River had advanced agricultural production efficiency more than the upstream and downstream regions,and the agricultural production efficiency of the individual provinces did not match their economic and social development.(3) Increases in labor,land,irrigation,and other input factors increased agriculture production efficiency,and there was no correlation between fiscal investment,per capita gross domestic product( GDP) and agricultural production efficiency,while the disaster-affected area had a significantly negative impact on agricultural production efficiency.

A Novel Frequency Compensation Technique for Three-Stage Amplifier

A novel frequency compensation technique for three-stage amplifier with dual complex pole-zero (DCP) cancellation is proposed. It uses one pair of complex zeros to cancel one pair of complex poles, resulting in feature that frequency response of the three-stage amplifier exhibits that of a single-pole system. Thus the gain-bandwidth (GBW) is expected to be increased several times compared to the conventional nested miller compensation (NMC) approach. Moreover, this technique requires only one very small compensation capacitor even when driving a big load capacitor. A GBW 4.63 MHz, DC gain 100 dB, PM 90o and power dissipation 0.87 mW can be achieved for a load capacitor 100 pF with a single Miller compensation capacitor 2 pF at a ±1V supply in a standard 0.6-μm CMOS technology.

杨岐方会与宋代茶禅

唐宋禅宗素有“五家七宗”之说。江西之茶禅文化,以禅宗南岳怀让一系为代表,自百丈怀海开禅门茶事之先河,黄檗祖师有黄檗禅茶之远名,迨至宋代,圆悟克勤启日本茶道文化之风气。杨岐方会为宋代临济宗杨岐派的开派祖师,其茶禅远承百丈怀海、黄檗希运,融摄天童咸启,其法嗣三传至圆悟克勤,最终远传日本,为中国禅茶文化的传播与发展作出了巨大的贡献,亦可见中国古代茶禅文化发展之一端。杨岐方会将茶文化与禅文化结合,有以茶入禅之机用,有勘过吃茶之圆融,既可见“慈悲利人、提振纲宗”的禅学思想,也反映入宋以后以茶入禅、茶禅一味所带来的禅法禅风的转变。

基于Adh基因家族序列的牡丹组(Sect.MoutanDC.)种间关系

测定了牡丹组 7个种 10个野生居群共 10份样品的全部Adh1A、Adh1B和Adh2基因序列。结合前人已报道的牡丹野生种的Adh基因序列 ,以芍药组 (Sect .Paeonia)和北美芍药组 (Sect.Oneapia)的种作外类群 ,用PAUP (4 0b 4a)计算机程序构建了牡丹组全部 8个种的Adh1A、Adh1B和Adh2基因树 (最大简约树和邻接树 ) ,同时进行了Adh1A、Adh1B和Adh2基因序列的合并分析。结果表明 ,牡丹组的 8个种分为两个具有 90 %以上自展值支持的单系分支 ,分别对应Stern (194 6 )根据形态划分的革质花盘亚组 (Subsect .Vaginatae)和肉质花盘亚组 (Subsect.Delavayanae)。在革质花盘亚组内 ,本研究结果支持银屏牡丹 (Paeoniasuffruticosassp .yinpingmudan)和凤丹 (P .ostii)、紫斑牡丹 (P .rockii)和四川牡丹 (P .decomposita)以及矮牡丹 (P .jishanensis)和卵叶牡丹 (P .qiui)各种之间有更近的亲缘关系 ,但有关牡丹复合体 (P .suffruticosacomplex)内各种间更进一步的关系还有待进一步研究。根据Adh基因树并结合前人的结果对牡丹组的种间关系进行了详细的讨论。

Circumscriptions and Phylogenetic Relationships of Primula Sects. Auganthus and Ranunculoides: Evidence from nrDNA ITS Sequences

The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All five species of these two sections and some representatives of other related sections were sampled. The ITS trees show that P. filchnerae could be convincingly placed in sect. Auganthus , together with P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. and P. rupestris Balf. f. et Farrer, whereas sect. Ranunculoides contains two species: P. cicutariifolia Pax and P. merrilliana Schltr. These two sections are distantly related and their association with other sections needs further studies. This study also demonstrated that ITS sequences would be a suitable marker for the reconstruction of Primula phylogeny.

芍药属牡丹组(Paeonia sect.Moutan)种间关系的分子证据:GPAT基因的PCR-RFLP和序列分析

为了探讨芍药属牡丹组Paeoniasect.Moutan的种间关系 ,对采自 1 5个野生居群 ,代表牡丹组全部 8个野生种的 1 5份材料的GPAT基因片段 (外显子 5和 6之间 2kb的内含子 )进行了PCR_RFLP分析 ,并对代表牡丹组全部 8个野生种的 9份材料进行了测序。根据 1 2个限制性内切酶的PCR_RFLP数据 ,使用Network 3 .0计算机程序的RM (reduced_median)法建立了牡丹组种间亲缘关系网络树。同时根据 8个种 9份材料的GPAT基因片段序列 ,利用PAUP 4.0计算机程序建立了牡丹组GPAT基因的最大简约(MP)树和邻接 (NJ)树。结果获得了具有很高自展值支持、分辨良好的牡丹组种间关系 (GPAT基因 )树。最重要的是 ,该基因树所显示的牡丹组种间关系与根据形态学证据提出的牡丹组的种间关系基本吻合 ,并得到其他研究证据的支持。根据这一结果 ,对牡丹组的种间关系进行了详细的讨论。

知识联盟中的知识创新过程研究——对SECT模型的再认识

SECT模型只是对知识创新过程中的知识客体演变运动的轨迹进行刻画,而没有深入分析完成从知识转移到知识创新这一过程的主体——组织和个人进行知识创新的实际过程,同时,"场"理论中过于强调隐性只是与显性知识的区别,而没有看到两者之间的联系,将知识创新过程分割地对应于不同阶段。基于不同等级和等级对知识划分,结合单环学习、双环学习与再学习的知识创新的一般过程,对SECT模型和"场"理论进行了修正,说明知识创新需经历SECT模型的不同阶段和相应"场"情景支持,但每阶段都会产生隐性知识和显性知识。