Emergency Tasks Planning Based on Formal Modeling of Emergency Plan and HTN Planning System SHOP2

A theoretical approach of ordered emergency tasks generation is proposed for dealing with a specific emergency event rapidly, exactly and effectively. According to the general principles of an emergency plan developed to response to an emergency management, a workflow model is employed to complete the formal modeling of concrete emergency plan firstly. Then the HTN planning system SHOP2 is introduced, the transformation method of domain knowledge from emergency domain to SHOP2 domain is studied. At last, the general procedure to solve the emergency decision prob-lems and to generate executive emergency tasks is set up drawing support from SHOP2 planning system, which will combine the principles (or knowledge) of emergency plan and the real emergency situations.

The Research Framework Model of Rapid Assessment and Emergency Plan Selection for Urban Flood Disaster

Given that it is difficult to assess the harmfulness and make emergency response timely in the early stage when flood disasters happen in cities for that the data are complex and rapidly changing, this article constructs a rapid assessment model, namely Simple Simos Procedure and PROMTHEE II Model (SSPPM), to assess the severity of flood disaster occurring in cities at the early stage based on a view of the rapid flood disaster assessment. On this basis, the fuzzy VIKOR method is applied to choose a scientific emergency plan. This article aims to construct a research framework model, which can provide some practice implications to reduce the losses caused by flood disaster.

Comparative Study of Emergency Logistics Path Planning

As natural disasters attract extensive attention worldwide,it is significant for governments and researchers to determine how to deliver emergency supplies after natural disasters.Considering the disaster victims' urgent needs for supplies after the disaster,based on the previous research,the path planning model from the shortest path and the optimal time was created in this paper.As in the actual road the outbreak of emergencies might cause some secondary disasters,including landslides triggered by heavy rain,paralysis of traffic together with a large crowd caused by earthquakes,the theory and method of the complex network to explore the topological structure characteristics of the whole network in the affected area were applied.Then,combining with the actual situation of the road network,the reliability analysis of the points,edges as well as topological structures were presented and a mathematical model based on reliability was proposed.Finally,two kinds of emergency logistics path planning models were compared and analyzed by some examples.The results showed that the relationship between time optimality and reliability was relevant.Emergency logistics path planning should not only consider the optimal transportation time of emergency logistics,but also pay attention to the reliability of transportation from a global perspective.

Research on agile space emergency launching mission planning simulation and verification method

Space emergency launching is to send a satellite into space by using a rapid responsive solid rocket in the bounded time to implement the emergency Earth observation mission.The key and difficult points mainly include the business process construction of launching mission planning,validation of the effectiveness of the launching scheme,etc.This paper pro-poses the agile space emergency launching mission planning simulation and verification method,which systematically con-structs the overall technical framework of space emergency launching mission planning with multi-field area,multi-platform and multi-task parallel under the constraint of resource schedul-ing for the first time.It supports flexible reconstruction of mis-sion planning processes such as launching target planning,tra-jectory planning,path planning,action planning and launching time analysis,and can realize on-demand assembly of operation links under different mission scenarios and different plan condi-tions,so as to quickly modify and generate launching schemes.It supports the fast solution of rocket trajectory data and the accurate analysis of multi-point salvo time window recheck and can realize the fast conflict resolution of launching missions in the dimensions of launching position and launching window sequence.It supports lightweight scenario design,modular flexi-ble simulation,based on launching style,launching platform,launching rules,etc.,can realize the independent mapping of mission planning results to two-dimensional and three-dimen-sional visual simulation models,so as to achieve a smooth con-nection between mission planning and simulation.

Risk Communication and External Emergency Plan in Angra dos Reis, Brazil

The presence of a potentially hazardous facility in a community demands several safety procedures. Bringing risk communication among those actions may help the population that lives near the facility feel more confident and have the required knowledge on how to behave in an emergency situation. A research performed in Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil, where a nuclear power plant is located, shows that there is a lack of information and awareness about the emergency plan.

Standardized Management Outlined in Future Response to Emergency Plan

The General Office of the State Council released the 13th Five-Year Plan for China's National Emergency System Construction(Plan for short).According to the Plan,China's emergency management laws and regulations and standards system need to be further improved and the basic capabilities of emergency management should continue to be enhanced.

A Proposal for a Geospatial Database to Support Emergency Management

The basic procedure of the Italian Civil Protection Department aims at reducing disaster losses by giving prominence to a proactive strategy, focusing on prevision and prevention of hazard events rather than postdisater activities. Italian law commits municipalities to produce Emergency Plans that include risk scenarios as well as all data required for emergency management, such as structures, infrastructures and human resources. However the law in the matter of Civil Protection does not supply information about how to produce and archive necessary data for emergency planning and management. For this reason, we propose a standard methodology to create a geodatabase using GIS software, to collect all data that could be used by municipalities to create Emergency Plans. The resulting geodatabase provides a tool for hazard mitigation planning, allowing not only the identification of areas at risk, but also the structures, infrastructures and resources needed to overcome a crisis, thus improving all strategies of risk reduction and the resilience of the system [1].

Effective Development of Enterprise Emergency Management under the New Policy of Safety Production

In recent years,China has formed a more perfect emergency management system,and has achieved more significant results.The form of safety production has maintained a continuous good development trend,showing the characteristics of"two declines,one being basically flat,and one zero occurrence".In order to further strengthen the implementation of production safety responsibilities and resolutely prevent and contain extremely major accidents,the recent national production safety teleconference deployed 15 measures to pay close attention to the implementation,seriously pursue accountability,adhere to the red line,and immediately carry out in-depth and solid production safety inspections across the country.In such a high pressure situation,the ways to effectively carry out the security management of enterprises were briefly described in this paper.

An Overview of Power System Emergency Management in China

The emergency management of power systems in China is reviewed in this paper.The current situation of emergency management is given firstly,then the organization system,warning and plan,emergency headquarter,and emergency power supply are separately discussed in theory and in practice.The advantages and disadvantages in the emergency management are also analyzed.

Parallel Planning:A New Motion Planning Framework for Autonomous Driving

Motion planning is one of the most significant technologies for autonomous driving. To make motion planning models able to learn from the environment and to deal with emergency situations, a new motion planning framework called as"parallel planning" is proposed in this paper. In order to generate sufficient and various training samples, artificial traffic scenes are firstly constructed based on the knowledge from the reality.A deep planning model which combines a convolutional neural network(CNN) with the Long Short-Term Memory module(LSTM) is developed to make planning decisions in an end-toend mode. This model can learn from both real and artificial traffic scenes and imitate the driving style of human drivers.Moreover, a parallel deep reinforcement learning approach is also presented to improve the robustness of planning model and reduce the error rate. To handle emergency situations, a hybrid generative model including a variational auto-encoder(VAE) and a generative adversarial network(GAN) is utilized to learn from virtual emergencies generated in artificial traffic scenes. While an autonomous vehicle is moving, the hybrid generative model generates multiple video clips in parallel, which correspond to different potential emergency scenarios. Simultaneously, the deep planning model makes planning decisions for both virtual and current real scenes. The final planning decision is determined by analysis of real observations. Leveraging the parallel planning approach, the planner is able to make rational decisions without heavy calculation burden when an emergency occurs.

The Role of Countermeasures in Mitigating the Radiological Consequences of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents

The countermeasures are the actions that should be taken, after the occurrence of a nuclear accident to protect the public against the associated risks. These actions may be represented by sheltering, evacuation, distribution of stable iodine tablets and/or relocation. This study represents a comprehensive probabilistic study to investigate the role of the adoption of the countermeasures in case of a hypothetical accident of type LOCA for nuclear power plant of PWR （1000 Mw）. The effective doses in different organs, short and long health effects, and the associated risks are calculated with and without countermeasures. In addition, the overall costs of the accident and the costs of countermeasures are estimated which represent our first trials to know how much the proposed accident cost. The results showed that, the area around the site requires early and late countermeasures action after the accident especially in the downwind sectors. For late countermeasures, the duration time of relocation ranged from about two to 10 years. The adoption of the countermeasures increases the costs of emergency plan by 40% but reduces the risk associated the accident.

ABCDE程序、CRASHPLAN计划在急诊骨科中的运用

在现代创伤中,高能量多发伤所占比例日益提高,骨关节损伤及时正确诊断的困难明显增大,漏诊与误诊已经引起了大家的广泛关注。怎样在早期对骨科创伤病人做出比较全面正确的诊断,是提高骨科医生医疗技术水平,提高医疗服务质量,减少骨科创伤病人致残的非常重要的手段;由于骨科病员"致死率低、致残率高"等特点,而使骨科医疗纠纷呈现上升趋势,如何把骨科急诊诊断符合率提高就显得更加重要。作者认为在对骨科急诊病人的诊断过程中应用ABCDE程序、CRASHPLAN计划可以有效提高骨科急诊诊断符合率和抢救成功率。

计及灾后恢复全过程储能应急响应能力的配电网韧性规划

储能因响应快、灵活性高的特点,已成为可再生能源发展必不可少的支撑技术,不仅具有削峰填谷、改善电能质量的作用,在灾后恢复过程中的应急响应能力同样不可忽视。提出了一种计及灾后恢复全过程储能应急响应能力的配电网韧性规划方法,构建了同时考虑网架增强和储能配置策略的配电网韧性增强双层规划模型,系统地刻画了极端灾害发生后配电网网架重构、设备抢修及复电等灾后恢复全过程的源-网-荷-储互动模式场景。最后,通过IEEE33节点系统的算例分析表明,所提方法能更充分地挖掘储能的应急响应潜力,有效提高增强性规划决策的精准度,获得更佳的投资回报。

监测与仿真协同的实验室智能应急疏散系统研究

高校实验室是消防安全管理的重点,常规消防疏散指示牌方向固定,无法根据火情变化实时调整指引逃生路线,该文设计了一种基于监测与路径仿真协同的实验室智能消防应急疏散系统,基于YOLOv5s框架监测人流量,利用Pathfinder对疏散路径进行规划,以逃生时间最短为目标计算疏散路径,实现了火灾信息自动采集和疏散方向智能指引。在两种模拟火灾场景下疏散效率分别提高了19.95%和12.71%,有效降低了消防疏散风险。

新型产业用地的概念辨析与规划引导机制研究

新型产业用地是新质生产力的核心孵化和承载空间,是对当前产业用地体系的重要创新与补充,厘清新型产业用地的概念内涵并探究其规划引导机制,对规范与促进新型产业用地的规划管理具有重要意义。本文首先辨析了新型产业用地的学术概念和政策界定,从土地出让市场指标分析比较了江苏省新型产业用地与江苏省和全国工业用地在土地出让指标上呈现出的相对地块面积小、平均地价高、开发强度大等特征,并从相关实践做法中总结出其规划引导具有用地功能混合、准入要求复杂等特点,进而指出其在规划引导、用地监管机制、用地效益等方面存在的问题,最后结合政策导向和实践需求,从“人、地、时、空、钱、势”六个维度提出了推进新型产业用地规划引导机制优化的策略建议。

基于改进免疫遗传算法的建设项目应急预案优化

为了提高建设项目应急预案的针对性,基于改进免疫遗传算法对建设项目应急预案优化进行仿真研究。首先,借鉴生物免疫原理,构建建设项目应急预案优化理论模型;其次,通过设计Taguchi试验优化算法中的重要参数,引入精英保留策略改进免疫遗传算法,并基于该算法构建建设项目应急预案优化模型;最后,以某高速公路为例,运用MATLAB软件进行模拟仿真,测试改进免疫遗传算法的可行性,并设置两组对比实验验证改进免疫遗传算法的优越性。仿真结果表明:相比于传统免疫遗传算法,改进免疫遗传算法下应急预案的亲和度更高,收敛速度也更快。这拓展了项目风险研究,为风险应对决策提供参考依据。

突发事件应急预案的若干理论与实践问题思辨

2018年机构改革以来,全国应急预案体系建设进入了全面重构升级的历史机遇期,从理论和实践相结合的视角梳理分析预案作用机制对持续稳定发挥应急预案在应急管理工作中的牵总作用具有重要理论和现实意义。本文从应急预案的基本构成出发,从应急预案体系建构、预案编制、预案全生命周期管理三个层面揭示阐释预案作用机制,遵循“问题表现——原因分析——改进思路”的基本逻辑深入分析了应急预案编制工作小组的设想与现实、风险评估在预案编制过程中的作用发挥机制、预警响应与应急响应的关系、分级响应的意涵变化与实践运用、应急预案的计划性与适应性、预案有效性的评价标准等影响预案质量和实施绩效等突出矛盾问题,揭示了预案全生命周期各阶段各相关方面工作对于预案有效性的复杂综合作用,强调以过程视角而非结果视角开展应急预案体系建设工作,从预案全生命周期着眼,充分发挥预案预期作用。

山区应急供水装备路径规划系统设计与应用

灾后救援保障中,应急供水扮演着至关重要的角色.然而,由于山区地形和地貌条件复杂多变,现场指挥调度尤为关键,关系着救援人员能否迅速展开保障装备进行应急供水作业.文中基于多智能体强化学习(multi-agent proximal policy optimization,MAPPO)算法进行了路径规划系统的设计,并进行了试验仿真验证,根据奖励图结果确认该路径规划系统的可行性,并实现系统运行可视化,证明该路径规划系统可以初步满足山区应急供水装备路径规划需求.在此基础上,结合Mask2Former图像分割模型优化山区应急供水装备路径规划系统,将地物信息输出结果和路径规划结果相结合,有效避免了单一路径规划算法在受到环境影响时结果波动较大的问题,提高了路径规划的鲁棒性和可靠性.将该路径规划系统集成至山区应急供水装备指挥平台,以解决山区应急供水路径规划问题,为山区应急供水装备的实际运行提供了有力支持.

基于空间句法的矿井应急疏散研究与应用

地下矿井作业危险,空间拓扑结构复杂,因而矿山安全事故时有发生,合理的应急疏散路线规划以及疏散指示布置,能够有效提高井下人员的逃生效率,降低人员伤亡与财产损失。结合某地下矿井实例,基于空间句法和GIS网络分析搭建地下矿井巷道网络模型,从逃生人员的空间认知角度出发,利用标准化角度选择度值选取巷道网络模型中的前景网络和背景网络作为主要避险通道,为应急疏散指示标志布置提供参考;考虑巷道宽度、巷道类型、巷道坡度等巷道基础属性信息,并结合空间句法指标——标准化角度整合度,构建巷道网络应急脆弱模型,顾及巷道空间单元的稳定性,规划井下人员的最优认知路径,进而实现了多目标的地下矿井紧急疏散路线规划。该研究不仅能够为地下矿井的巷道布局设计提供建议,还可为地下矿井的应急疏散路线规划辅助决策、应急预案制定提供理论依据,同时为紧急避险系统的建设与完善提供新的思路。