The use of carbon-based particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrode reactors for wastewater treatment

The use of three-dimensional(3D)electrodes in water treatment is competitive because of their high catalytic efficiency,low energy consumption and promising development.The use of particle electrodes is a key research focus in this technology.They are usually in the form of particles that fill the space between the cathode and anode,and the selection of materials used is important.Carbon-based materials are widely used because of their large specific surface area,good adsorption performance,high chemical stability and low cost.The principles of 3D electrode technology are introduced and recent research on its use for degrading organic pollutants using carbon-based particle electrodes is summarized.The classification of particle electrodes is introduced and the challenges for the future development of carbon-based particle electrodes in wastewater treatment are discussed.

Application of Digital Technology in Road and Bridge Design

With the development and progress of science and technology,road and bridge design has experienced rapid development,from the initial manual drawing design to the popularity of Computer-Aided Design(CAD),and then to today’s digital software design era.Early designers relied on hand-drawn paper design forms which was time-consuming and error-prone.Digital support for road and bridge design not only saves the design time but the design quality has also achieved a qualitative leap.This paper engages in the application of digital technology in road and bridge design,to provide technical reference for China’s road and bridge engineering design units,to promote the popularity of Civil3D and other advanced design software in the field of engineering design and development,ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of China’s road and bridge engineering.

Three-dimensional printing technology for patient-matched instrument in treatment of cubitus varus deformity:A case report

BACKGROUND Recently,medical three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)has demonstrated potential benefits for the treatment of cubitus varus deformity(CVD)by improving accuracy of the osteotomy through the use of an osteotomy guide,with or without a patient-mated plate.Here,we present an interesting CVD case,involving a patient who was treated with corrective biplanar chevron osteotomy using an innovative customized osteotomy guide and a newly designed patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate created with 3DPT.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female presented with a significant CVD from childhood injury.A computer simulation was processed using images from computerized tomography scans of both upper extremities.The biplanar chevron osteotomy was designed to create identical anatomy between the mirror image of the contralateral distal humerus and the osteotomized distal humerus.Next,the customized osteotomy guide and patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate were designed and printed.A simulation osteotomy was created for the real-sized bone model,and the operation was performed using the posterior paratricipital approach with k-wire positioning from the customized osteotomy guide as a predrilled hole for screw fixation to achieve immediate control of the reduction after osteotomy.Our method allowed for successful treatment of the CVD case,significantly improving the patient’s radiographic and clinical outcomes,with satisfactory result.CONCLUSION 3DPT-created patient-matched osteotomy guide and instrumentation provides accurate control during CVD correction.

Application and Analysis of Computer Virtual Simulation Technology in Three-dimensional Animation Production

With the continuous promotion of computer technology, the application system of virtual simulation technology has been further optimized and improved, and has been widely used in various fields of social development, such as urban construction, interior design, industrial simulation and tourism teaching. China's three-dimensional animation production started relatively late, but has achieved good results with the support of related advanced technology in the process of development. Computer virtual simulation technology is an important technical support in the production of three-dimensional animation. In this paper, firstly, the related content of computer virtual simulation technology was introduced. Then, the specific application of this technology in the production of three-dimensional animation was further elaborated, so as to provide some reference for the improvement of the production effect of three-dimensional animation in the future.

Application Status and Prospect of Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in the Field of Medical Devices

Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology belongs to a new manufacturing science and has been widely used in various fields of industry.This article will apply 3D printing technology as its main research topic,with emphasis on its application in the field of medical devices and prospects for contribution.

Application of Three-dimensional Laser Scanning Technology in the Teaching Practice of Surveying and Mapping of Ancient Buildings

Based on the study of the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in ancient building surveying and mapping,this paper briefly describes the working principle and flow of three-dimensional laser scanning technology.Based on the practical application,this paper puts forward the discussion of related problems and matters needing attention.This has a certain reference significance for the study of new technology in surveying and mapping of ancient buildings.

Digital measurement of bone tumor volume by CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology

Objective To discuss the measurement of bone tumor volume on the basis of three dimensional images segmentation technology. Methods Twenty patients with lacunar bone tumor from Tianjin Hospital and Tongji Hospital were included in the

3D打印联合彩超引导辅助DSA在腹主动脉瘤腔内介入手术中的临床应用

目的探讨3D打印联合彩超引导辅助数字减影血管造影(DSA)在腹主动脉瘤患者腔内介入手术中的应用效果。方法行腔内介入手术64例腹主动脉瘤患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各32例,对照组行DSA下腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术治疗,观察组行3D打印联合彩超引导辅助DSA下腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术治疗。比较两组患者的围术期相关指标、造影剂用量、肾功能指标、血清蛋白水平、并发症发生率。结果观察组手术时间、术后禁食时间、住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组造影剂使用量少于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血肌酐、尿素氮、血清白蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白水平上升,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论3D打印联合彩超引导辅助DSA在腹主动脉瘤患者腔内介入手术中的应用效果较好,可缩短手术时间、术后禁食时间和住院时间,减少造影剂用量,减轻对肾功能的影响,对机体营养水平影响更小,降低并发症发生率。

关于DSA机房环境影响评价的思考

数字减影血管造影机(DSA)是核技术利用项目中最常见的医用Ⅱ类射线装置。核技术利用环境影响评价报告的编制、评审和复核均遵循《辐射环境保护管理导则核技术利用建设项目环境影响评价文件的内容和格式》(HJ 10.1—2016)格式及要求,需采用理论计算的方式核算DSA机房的屏蔽防护是否满足《放射诊断放射防护要求》(GBZ 130—2020)辐射限值。本文从DSA设备结构特点和作为医疗器械的准入条件方面入手,给出满足GBZ 130—2020最低屏蔽铅当量、最不利机房尺寸及最不利工况下DSA机房的屏蔽计算及参数选取,并通过计算结果验证了GBZ 130—2020对DSA机房的最小铅当量要求。建议DSA机房的环境影响预测方法,可采取与GBZ 130—2020标准对比,而不必拘泥于HJ 10.1—2016要求的理论计算,有利于减轻环评编制人员、评审人员和审批人员的工作负担。

Research on CT characteristics reconstruction technology

The traditional computed tomography(CT)reconstruction methods are noisy,low resolution,poor contrast,and generally not suitable to detect the smaller flaws.Besides,the filter design is also difficult.The CT characteristics reconstruction technology was brought forward to improve in these aspects,which is defined to directly reconstruct the characteristics of the projection for the best requirements not the overall image quality.The two-dimension(2D)and three-dimension(3D)CT characteristics reconstruction algorithm were firstly introduced,then by detailed analysis,experimental results and comparsion of parameters calculated,its advantages in keeping better high-frequency feature,better noise immunity,short time-consuming and easier design are verified.

Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis

Although the recent advances in stem cell engineering have gained a great deal of attention due to their high potential in clinical research,the applicability of stem cells for preclinical screening in the drug discovery process is still challenging due to difficulties in controlling the stem cell microenvironment and the limited availability of high-throughput systems.Recently,researchers have been actively developing and evaluating three-dimensional(3D)cell culture-based platforms using microfluidic technologies,such as organ-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip platforms,and they have achieved promising breakthroughs in stem cell engineering.In this review,we start with a comprehensive discussion on the importance of microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques in stem cell research and their technical strategies in the field of drug discovery.In a subsequent section,we discuss microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques for high-throughput analysis for use in stem cell research.In addition,some potential and practical applications of organ-on-a-chip or organoid-on-a-chip platforms using stem cells as drug screening and disease models are highlighted.

Experimental investigation on the invert stability of operating railway tunnels with different drainage systems using 3D printing technology

In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently,which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure(EWP). By means of a threedimensional(3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system(TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system(ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice,including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 k Pa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test.

Three-dimensional printed talar prosthesis with biological function for giant cell tumor of the talus:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Giant cell tumors(GCT)are most commonly seen in the distal femur.These tumors are uncommon in the small bones of the hand and feet,and a very few cases have been reported.A giant cell tumor of the talus is rarely seen clinically and could be a challenge to physicians.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of GCT of the talus in one patient who underwent a new reconstructive surgery technique using a three-dimensional(3D)printing talar prosthesis.The prosthesis shape was designed by tomographic image processing and segmentation using technology to match the intact side by mirror symmetry with 3D post-processing technologies.The patient recovered nearly full range of motion of the ankle after 6 mo.The visual analogue scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were 1 and 89 points,respectively.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that 3D printing of a talar prosthesis is a beneficial option for GCT of the talus.

Slope excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation in hydraulic projects based on laser scanning technology

Slope excavation is one of the most crucial steps in the construction of a hydraulic project. Excavation project quality assessment and excavated volume calculation are critical in construction management. The positioning of excavation projects using traditional instruments is inefficient and may cause error. To improve the efficiency and precision of calculation and assessment, three-dimensional laser scanning technology was used for slope excavation quality assessment. An efficient data acquisition, processing, and management workflow was presented in this study. Based on the quality control indices, including the average gradient, slope toe elevation, and overbreak and underbreak,cross-sectional quality assessment and holistic quality assessment methods were proposed to assess the slope excavation quality with laserscanned data. An algorithm was also presented to calculate the excavated volume with laser-scanned data. A field application and a laboratory experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility of these methods for excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation. The results show that the quality assessment indices can be obtained rapidly and accurately with design parameters and scanned data, and the results of holistic quality assessment are consistent with those of cross-sectional quality assessment. In addition, the time consumption in excavation quality assessment with the laser scanning technology can be reduced by 70%e90%, as compared with the traditional method. The excavated volume calculated with the scanned data only slightly differs from measured data, demonstrating the applicability of the excavated volume calculation method presented in this study.

Application of digital technology in nasal reconstruction

Nasal defects are facial defects caused by trauma,tumors,or congenital diseases that seriously damage a patient’s physical and mental health.Nasal defects,from skin defects to total nasal defects,require surgical repair and reconstruction to restore the appearance and function of the nose,which have always been challenges for rhinoplasty.The development of digital technology has increased the possibility of nasal reconstruction.Digital technology is involved in the preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative stages of nasal construction and is of great significance in improving the effect of this surgery.This article reviews the application of major digital technologies,including three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology,computer-assisted surgical navigation,and 3D printing,in nasal reconstruction and discusses the shortcomings of the current application of digital technology.

Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis of Venous Malformations for Assessing the Effectiveness of Percutaneous Sclerotherapy

BACKGROUND Percutaneous sclerotherapy can be used to successfully treat venous malformations(VMs)of the head,neck,and limbs.However,the standard curative effect of sclerotherapy has rarely been analyzed,and there is currently no accurate statistical method to measure the volume of VMs after sclerotherapy.Here,we propose a novel threedimensional(3D)reconstruction method to evaluate this effect.OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of 3D software(MIMICS 19.0)to evaluate the treatment effect of sclerotherapy.METHODS This retrospective study included patients with VMs on the head,neck,and limbs who were treated with ethanol sclerotherapy or foam sclerotherapy every 8 weeks.MIMICS 19.0 was used to calculate the performance of the lesion after treatment and measure the VM volumes before and after the treatment.The effect of the clinical treatment dose on the lesion was evaluated,and the treatment effect of each patient was recorded.The relationship between the number of treatments and the reduced volume of VMs was analyzed.RESULTS Based on the MIMICS-calculated regions of interest(ROI),we found that 1 mL of ethanol reduced the lesion by 473 mm3 and that one dosage of foam(1 mL of polidocanol and 4 mL air content)reduced the lesion by 2138 mm3,demonstrating that the foam sclerosing agent exhibited greater efficacy in this study.CONCLUSIONS The MIMICS 3D volume reconstruction method can effectively and safely evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy and provide a preoperative evaluation.This method is simple,accurate,and feasible.

Three-dimensional digital technology-assisted precise tumor resection and reconstruction of the femoral trochanter and postoperative functional recovery:a retrospective study

Background The trochanter of the femur is a common site for bone tumors.However,locating the specificboundary of bone tumor infiltration and determining the surgical method can be challenging.The objective of thisstudy was to review the diagnosis,treatment,and surgical outcomes of patients with tumors or tumor-like changesin the femoral trochanter after computer-assisted precise tumor resection and hip-preserving reconstruction ofthe trochanter.Methods From January 2005 to September 2020,11 patients with trochanteric tumors(aged:18–53 years;sixmales and five females)were treated in Guangzhou First People’s Hospital.The cases included aneurysmal bonecyst(n=1),giant cell tumor of bone(n=2),fibrous histiocytoma of bone(n=1),endochondroma(n=1),andfibrous dysplasia of bone(n=6).For patients with trochanteric tumors,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scanning were performed before operation to obtain two-dimensional image data of the lesion.Athree-dimensional digital model of bilateral lower limbs was reconstructed by computer technology,the boundary of tumor growth was determined by computer simulation,the process of tumor resection and reconstructionwas simulated,and the personalized guide template was designed.During the operation,the personalized guideplate guided the precise resection of the tumor,and the allogeneic bone was trimmed to match the shape of thebone defect.Results All 11 patients underwent accurate resection of the tumor or tumor-like lesion and reconstruction ofthe hip.In eight cases,the lesion was confined to the trochanter,which was fixed with large segment allogeneicbone,autologous iliac bone,and proximal femoral anatomic plate.In three cases,allogeneic bone,autologousiliac bone,and femoral reconstruction nail were used to fix the tumor under the trochanter.Postoperative Xray examination showed that the repair and reconstruction of the bone defect was effective,and callus bridgingbetween the allogenic bone and autogenous bone was observed 6 months after operation.All patients recoveredtheir walking function 3–6 months after operation.The duration of the follow-up period ranged from 6 monthsto 6 years.A patient experienced recurrence of endochondroma;pathological examination revealed chondrocyticsarcoma.The remaining 10 patients were treated with segmental resection and reconstruction.The operationtime ranged 2.5–4.5 h(average:3.2 h).Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 300 to 500 ml(average:368 ml).The local recurrence rate was 9.1%,and the overall survival rate was 100%.The average Musculoskeletal TumorSociety score was 27(excellent and good for eight and three patients,respectively).Conclusions Three-dimensional computer skeleton modeling and simulation-assisted resection and reconstruction of femoral trochanteric tumor is a new surgical technique,which might markedly improve the surgical effect,shorten the surgical time,increase the overall survival rate of patients with tumors,reduce the local recurrencerate,assist in the digitization and programming of femoral trochanteric tumor surgery,and improve surgicalaccuracy.

大脑中动脉远端血管介入术中应用三维DSA技术导航定位的效果分析

目的:探讨分析大脑中动脉远端血管介入术中应用三维数字减影血管造影(DSA)技术导航定位的临床效果。方法:选取福建医科大学附属漳州市医院介入科2020年1月-2022年6月收治的230例大脑中动脉远端血管介入术患者为研究对象,按随机抽签方法分为对照组(n=110,传统二维DSA引导)与观察组(n=120,三维DSA技术导航定位)。比较两组手术相关操作时间、检测过程相关剂量、术中引导难度等情况。结果:观察组手术时间、微导管导引时间及X线透视时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对比剂用量、空气比释动能(AK)、剂量-面积乘积(DAP)水平及术中引导难度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:大脑中动脉远端血管介入术中应用三维DSA技术导航定位,能够显著缩短手术时间、微导管导引时间及X线透视时间,降低对比剂用量、AK、DAP水平及术中引导难度。

DSA影像监视下鼻肠营养管置入的技术与技巧

目的回顾性分析总结DSA影像监视下放置鼻肠营养管建立肠内营养的技术。方法441例患者置入鼻肠营养管。鼻、咽部喷雾麻醉后,在DSA影像监视下,经导丝引导导管依次经鼻、咽、食管、胃、幽门、十二指肠各部使导管头端位于水平部,置换入加硬导丝沿加硬导丝送入鼻肠营养管并将其头端送至屈氏韧带以下20～30cm。结果全部病例平均在5min内成功放置肠道营养管,营养管位置满意,无一例出现并发症。结论应用DSA影像监视能够快速、简便、安全的放置鼻肠营养管,成功率高,患者无痛苦,值得临床推广应用。

探讨旋转DSA技术在脑血管疾病诊断中的临床价值

目的分析在脑血管疾病诊断中应用旋转DSA技术的价值。方法随机选择2015年9月—2016年9月在该院经病理检查确诊的脑血管疾病患者68例参与研究,对全部患者均利用旋转DSA技术对脑血管疾病患者进行诊断,同时与普通DSA诊断进行比较,分析旋转DSA技术的诊断价值。结果普通DSA诊断阳性率为91.18%,旋转DSA诊断阳性率为97.06%;45例为脑动脉瘤动脉瘤共51个;17例为脑动静脉畸形(2例在小脑,5例在颞叶,10例在顶叶);4例为烟雾病。结论旋转DSA技术用于脑血管疾病诊断中,效果要明显优于以往普通DSA技术,诊断准确率更高,更具有推广价值。