Variational Reconstruction and Simulation Experiments of Sea Surface Wind Field for Ocean Data Buoy

The sea surface wind field is an important physical parameter in oceanography and meteorology.With the continuous refinement of numerical weather prediction,air-sea interface materials,energy exchange,and other studies,three-dimensional(3D)wind field distribution at local locations on the sea surface must be measured accurately.The current in-situ observation of sea surface wind parameters is mainly achieved through the installation of wind sensors on ocean data buoys.However,the results obtained from this single-point measurement method cannot reflect wind field distribution in a vertical direction above the sea surface.Thus,the present paper proposes a theoretical framework for the optimal inversion of the 3D wind field structure variation in the area where the buoy is located.The variation analysis method is first used to reconstruct the wind field distribution at different heights of the buoy,after which theoretical analysis verification and numerical simulation experiments are conducted.The results indicate that the use of variational methods to reconstruct 3D wind fields is significantly effective in eliminating disturbance errors in observations,which also verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis of this method.The findings of this article can provide a reference for the layout optimization design of wind measuring instruments in buoy observation systems and also provide theoretical guidance for the design of new observation buoys in the future.

Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Solar Wind, Foreshock and Magnetosheath:Cluster Data Analysis

46 magnetosheath crossing events from the two years (2001.2-2003.1) of Cluster magnetic field measurements are identified and used to investigate the characters of the magnetic field fluctuations in the regions of undisturbed solar wind, foreshock, magnetosheath. The preliminary results indicate the properties of the plasma turbulence in the magnetosheath are strongly controlled by IMF orientation with respect to the bow shock normal. The amplitude of the magnetic field magnitude and direction variations behind quasiparallel bow shock are larger than those behind quasi-perpendicular bow shock. Almost purely compressional waves are found in quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath.

Turbulent Wind Field Simulation of Wind Turbines With Rotational Effects

为准确得到风轮旋转效应对风力发电机组湍流风速脉动分量的影响，推导了旋转Fourier自谱和互谱。分析了风轮旋转效应通过相干函数和相位延迟体现的物理本质，提出了引入相位延迟参数的旋转Fourier自谱和互谱。以旋转Fourier自谱和互谱的模构建旋转谱矩阵，对其进行Cholesky分解，将相位延迟引入谱表现方法中实现风力发电机组湍流风场的模拟。最后，结合某1．5Mw三叶片变桨距风电机组进行纵向脉动风速时程的数值模拟，并对计算功率谱与目标谱进行了校核，证明该文算法可以更为准确地模拟作用在风轮旋转叶片上的脉动风速时程。

Mathematical Modeling of the Influence of the Wind Field Structure in the Atmosphere on the Cloud Formation Processes

The state of the physics of convective clouds and cloud seeding is discussed briefly. It is noted that at the present time there is a transition from the stage of investigation of “elementary” processes in the clouds to the stage of studying the formation of macro- and microstructural characteristics of clouds as a whole, taking into account their system properties. The main directions of the development of cloud physics at the upcoming stage of its development are discussed. The paper points out that one of these areas is the determination of the structure-forming factors for the clouds and the study of their influence on their formation and evolution. It is noted that one of such factors is the interaction of clouds with their surrounding atmosphere, and the main method of studying its role in the processes of cloud formation is mathematical modeling. A three-dimensional nonstationary model of convective clouds is presented with a detailed account of the processes of thermohydrodynamics and microphysics, which is used for research. The results of modeling the influence of the wind field structure in the atmosphere on the formation and evolution of clouds are presented. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere have a significant effect on the formation of macro- and microstructural characteristics of convective clouds: the more complex the structure of the wind field in the atmosphere (i.e., the more intense the interaction of the atmosphere and the cloud), the less powerful the clouds are formed.

随机脉动风场作用下输电塔线体系的动力响应分析

输电杆塔及塔线体系(简称塔线体系)是整个电力系统中输电环节的核心部分,沿海地区的强风对塔线体系有着重要影响。为研究在随机脉动风场作用下塔线体系的动力响应特性,文中以广东某地区的1W2C9型鼓型自立式输电杆塔为研究对象,建立输电杆塔的单塔及一塔两线的塔线耦联有限元模型,结合Davenport风速谱与四阶自回归法模拟具有空间相关性的单塔9节点及塔线体系49节点的脉动风场,研究在此脉动风场下的单塔及塔线体系的动力响应,并探究不同风向角对其动力响应的影响。研究结果表明:单塔及塔线体系的动力响应最大值大于其拟静力响应;由于塔线耦联效应的存在,输电线会增加塔线体系的稳定性,降低其动力响应;90°是输电杆塔单塔及塔线体系动力响应的最不利风向角。

考虑风电运行轨迹与场景划分的场级主动调压优化控制策略

传统风电场跟随主站电压指令调节的方式容易导致站内无功源频繁波动、站内无功裕度不足,影响风电场的调压能力。为此提出了一种考虑风电运行轨迹与场景划分的场级主动调压优化控制策略。首先,基于风电场功率预测数据和有功–电压灵敏度曲线,绘制并网点电压波动轨迹,结合AVC子站接收到的电压指令,协调风机和SVG的无功输出,有效降低了无功设备的调节频次。其次,根据电压跌落幅度划分详细运行场景,通过调整SVG的控制模式,有效抑制了电网电压的大幅波动。最后,构建了包含AVC功率控制器的仿真测试平台,验证对比了所提方法相对于传统风电场AVC控制策略在降低无功调节频次、提升无功裕度、主动电压支撑方面的效果,为实现风电场主动调压提供了新的解决思路。

基于概率密度演化的输电塔-线体系抗风可靠性分析

以三线两塔直线段输电塔-线体系为工程对象,应用有限元数值模拟,建立了基于概率密度演化的输电塔-线体系抗风可靠性分析方法。首先,应用谱表示-降维方法模拟结构脉动风场,生成风荷载的代表性样本集合。然后,结合概率密度演化理论,分析了输电塔-线体系考虑气弹效应的随机动力反应。最后,应用等价极值思想构建了风荷载作用下输电塔-线体系失效准则,进而对输电塔-线体系的抗风可靠性进行精细化分析。本文结合谱表示-降维方法与概率密度演化理论,实现了仅用较少数量的代表性样本来精细地分析结构的抗风可靠性,为工程实践提供参考。

非高斯脉动风压的现场实测教学与实践

以位于教学楼楼顶的一处矩形结构为试验对象,开展结构分离区的非高斯脉动风压现场实测实验。该实验不仅经济方便,而且针对可持续性重复教学等要求,进行了一定的改进及优化。本实验设计了两种不同实测方案,并提供对应的数据处理分析教学。通过实践与互动并存的实验模式,该教学致力于开阔学生科研视野,提高学生动手能力、团队合作能力、实验组织安排能力。

汽车外后视镜造型对气动和噪声影响的风洞实验研究

为降低由汽车后视镜带来的气动噪声,本文以一简化汽车外后视镜模型为基础模型,提出3个不同造型改进方案:A造型模型镜身倾斜15°;B造型模型镜身倾斜30°;C造型模型将原圆柱形底座改为椭柱形底座。对4款造型外后视镜模型进行风洞实验研究,分析流场、空气阻力和壁面脉动压力随造型改变的规律。气动特性(流场和阻力)采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)和六分量动态天平测量,声学特性采用壁面麦克风对侧窗平板的湍流脉动进行测量。研究结果表明:3个造型改进方案均可在不同程度上改善外后视镜尾迹区域流场品质,有效降低空气阻力和气动噪声。其中B模型阻力系数较基础模型降低18.4%,壁面脉动压力总声压级在中低频段可降低4.6 dB;C模型可降低阻力系数7.5%,总声压级可降低4.3 dB。

高铁运行经过地下站台的气动风场研究

为了研究高速列车运行经过地下车站时的气动效应,为地下高铁站设计提供参考,以某地下高铁站为背景,采用数值模拟的计算方法,建立了站前隧道-地下车站-列车的数值模型。运用滑移网格的计算方法,对列车运行经过地下车站的情况进行模拟。列车运行时速选定200、250、300和350 km/h,站台上布置25个测点进行监测,研究列车运行时速和站台位置两种因素对站台上气动风场的影响。结果表示:(1)站台上的气动效应随列车运行时速越高变化越大;(2)列车经过地下站台后还会产生不可忽视的尾波;(3)站台上气动风场波动值最高的位置是站台入口处。

台风“梅花”作用下大跨悬索桥风场特性分析

为了深入了解台风风场特性,文中基于某大跨度悬索桥台风风场监测,对台风“梅花”风场特性的相关监测数据进行分析,具体包括:平均风速风向、湍流强度、脉动风速谱、湍流积分尺度、脉动风速空间相关性以及脉动风速的时频特性。结果表明,台风“梅花”的脉动风谱与Von-Karman谱吻合良好;脉动风速具有较显著的非平稳性;台风风场受当地地理环境的影响而呈现出显著的非均匀特性。

拱肋分幅转体施工过程抗风性能研究

拱肋分幅转体能有效解决整体转体时转盘过大、开挖方量大的问题,相较于双拱肋整体转体,其转动体系相对较柔,施工过程中体系的抗风性能需重点关注。为合理评估施工过程中的风致振动效应,对比介绍了基于时间历程的动力分析方法和基于规范层面的等效静态分析方法的计算过程及其软件实现细节,讨论了2种方法计算结果的差异性和规律性。结果表明:该转体桥例尽管静力荷载数值总体上要大于动力的情况,但静力分析方法仍低估了风致作用下拱肋的位移响应,且体系越柔,这种低估程度越明显,某些情况达30%。另外,还针对不同动力特性转体施工体系振动控制措施的有效性进行了系统评估,案例的抗风缆索对转体过程中风致拱肋的振动控制效果较差,即使对于很柔的体系,减振系数也不超过7%。

随机风-浪一体化降维建模及风机结构可靠度研究

基于随机脉动风场和随机波浪力场的谱表示降维模拟方法,采用脉动风速Davenport谱与波浪P-M谱对风、浪谱参数进行一体化构造,并应用相同的基本随机变量来保障风、浪模拟的概率信息一致,实现了随机风-浪一体化降维建模。进一步,基于ANSYS有限元软件建立了近海风机塔架数值计算模型,并以顶点位移为指标,进行了三种工况下结构的动力可靠度分析。数值算例验证了随机风-浪一体化降维建模方法的有效性。结构动力分析结果表明,风荷载对风机塔架顶点位移响应的影响占主导地位,同时波浪荷载的作用亦不可忽略。此外,随机风-浪一体化降维方法生成的代表性样本概率信息完备,可与概率密度演化理论结合实现海工结构在风浪共同作用下的精细化动力响应及可靠度分析。

筒壳网架在瞬时强风作用下的风振响应分析

2017年8月华北地区某电厂大跨双筒壳干煤棚网架在瞬时强风作用下,结构局部发生倒塌现象。以该工程案例作为研究对象,运用网架结构设计软件STADS,借助Matlab和Fluent平台,对该网架倒塌部位在瞬时强风作用下的风振响应进行了模拟分析。首先基于Matlab平台采用谐波叠加法生成了多点输入的非平稳风速谱,然后运用STADS的转换程序生成Fluent精确的风工程计算模型,其次通过UDF定义将生成的多点输入非平稳脉动来流风引入流场,运用大涡模拟(LES)进行了瞬时强风的瞬态计算,获得了结构表面的风压时程进而转换成节点压力时程,最后返回STADS采用Newmark法进行时程分析,计算得到各点位移时程,进而获得了垮塌部位的位移风振系数。通过STADS转换程序提高了筒壳网架结构瞬态风场模拟效率,深化了非平稳风场下结构风振响应的认识,供此类大跨网架结构抗风设计参考。

Coherent Doppler lidar wind retrieval for a typhoon based on the genetic simulated annealing algorithm

A method of spectrum estimation based on the genetic simulated annealing(GSA)algorithm is proposed,which is applied to retrieve the three-dimensional wind field of typhoon Nangka observed by our research group.Compared to the genetic algorithm(GA),the GSA algorithm not only extends the detection range and guarantees the accuracy of retrieval results but also demonstrates a faster retrieval speed.Experimental results indicate that both the GA and GSA algorithms can enhance the detection range by 35%more than the least squares method.However,the convergence speed of the GSA algorithm is 17 times faster than that of the GA,which is more beneficial for real-time data processing.

Study on Retrieving Three-Dimensional Wind Using Simulated Dual-Doppler Radar Data in the Cartesian Space

This paper investigates a technique of retrieving three-dimensional windfields from the dual-Doppler weather radar radial wind which is based on the Cartesian space usingvariational method. This technology provides a simultaneous resolution of three wind components andsatisfies both the minimal dual-equation system and the continuity equation. The main advantage ofthis method is that it can remove the potential drawback of an iterative solution of Cartesiandual-Doppler analysis techniques which is a major demerit when one retrieves the vertical velocityusing mass continuity equation with iterative method. The data pre-processing technology andinterpolation are also studied. This work developed a three-dimensional Cressman weighting functionto process the interpolation. In order to test the capability and advantage of this method, onenumerical experiment based on simulating dual-Doppler radar observations is designed. Firstly, wesynthesize the dual-Doppler radar radial velocity and reflectivity from the numerical model. Then,the three-dimensional wind components are retrieved from the radial velocity and reflectivity usingthis technique. The retrieved three-dimensional wind fields are found to be quite consisted withthose previously simulated wind fields. Mean difference, root-mean-square error, and relativedeviation are defined to test the precision of the method. These statistic errors reveal theaccuracy and the advantage of this method. The numerical experiment has definitely testified thatthis technique can be used to retrieve the three-dimensional wind fields from the radial velocityand reflectivity detected by the real dual-Doppler weather radar.

上海环球金融中心大楼顶部良态风风速实测

对结构高度为492m的上海环球金融中心大楼顶部实测到的良态强风时段下的平均风速和脉动风速数据进行了分析,得到了3s、10min以及1h时距下的平均风速值,并对其进行线性拟合.结果表明,10min平均风速与3s平均最大(瞬时最大)风速的比值约为0.876 8.根据实测数据,还分析了湍流度和阵风因子,结果表明,湍流度和阵风因子均随平均风速的增大而减小,此外,对比了部分时段内的实测脉动风速功率谱密度与Von-Karman谱,两者较为吻合.

考虑气动阻尼效应的输电线路风偏动态分析方法

针对连续多跨输电线路在瞬态风场作用下的风偏问题,提出考虑气动阻尼效应的输电线路风偏动态分析方法。以500 k V三跨线路为对象建立精细化非线性动力学计算模型,用谐波叠加法构建整档线路各点脉动风速场并结合准定常假设模拟作用于输电线路的时变风荷载。考察由输电线路自身运动引起的气动阻尼对动态风偏响应影响,讨论其对绝缘子串风偏角频谱影响。采用美国输电线路设计规范ASCE No.74的气动阻尼进行导线风偏计算,并与所提方法比较。结果表明,输电线路气动阻尼对风偏动态响应影响显著,两种考虑气动阻尼方法计算结果较接近。

普立特大桥桥位处山区风特性实测研究

为了获取偏远山区的风场特性,以普立特大桥桥位处风场实测项目为研究背景,开发了基于无线传输的高频风速仪数据采集系统,分析了桥位处的平均风特性,并对实测脉动风的非平稳与非高斯特性进行了探讨.研究结果表明：与传统方法相比,新开发的无线传输系统具有实时传输、成本低及无需现场监测等优势;桥位处的大风期主要集中在2~4月份,且大部分发生在西南方向;在选取的强风天气中,出现山区雷暴风的比例约为15%;实测强风的平均风攻角主要在-10°~0°范围内波动;拟合出的风剖面指数波动范围为0~0.14,且其拟合概率密度分布的均值0.056明显小于规范规定的最小值0.12,说明规范规定的风剖面指数不足以描述山区风;山区风出现了同时具有非平稳与非高斯特性的风速样本,且其瞬时最大风速可达22.0 m/s.

山区峡谷桥址处风场实测与数值模拟研究

为准确模拟山区峡谷桥址处的三维紊流风场,以澧水大桥所在峡谷为工程背景,将现场实测风场用谐波合成法进行等效处理生成了满足峡谷风场特性的随机来流,然后基于对Fluent的二次开发,将生成的随机来流赋予大涡模拟的入口边界.通过对比本文方法和无脉动入口计算结果发现,本文方法更能体现山区峡谷风场的真实流态,最后在本文方法基础上对不同风向角作用下的山区峡谷桥址处风场进行了数值模拟,得到了峡谷桥址处风场的详细分布特性,可为山区峡谷地形紊流场精细化数值模拟提供参考.