Urban Three-dimensional Expansion and Its Driving Forces——A Case Study of Shanghai,China

Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase,and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization.Taking Shanghai as an example,the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city's vertical and horizontal increases respectively,and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion.The research drew following conclusions:1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature,and could be divided into three stages:vertical expansion in dominance,coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion,and horizontal expansion in dominance.2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs,but the changing speed of the latter was faster.And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city's horizontal expansion,while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion.Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city's political factors.

Evaluation of Three-dimensional Urban Expansion: A Case Study of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China

With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, the three-dimensional(3D) characteristic has been the main feature of urban morphology. However, the vast majority of researches of urban growth have focused on the planar area(two-dimensional(2D)) expansion. Few studies have been conducted from a 3D perspective. In this paper, the 3D urban expansion of the Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China from 2003 to 2012 was evaluated based on Geographical Information System(GIS) tools and high-resolution remote sensing images. Four indices, namely weighted average height of buildings, volume of buildings, 3D expansion intensity and 3D fractal dimension are used to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The weighted average height of buildings and the volume of buildings are used to illustrate the temporal change of the 3D urban morphology, while the other two indices are used to calculate the expansion intensity and the fractal dimension of the 3D urban morphology. The results show that the spatial distribution of the high-rise buildings in Yangzhou has significantly spread and the utilization of the 3D space of Yangzhou has become more efficient and intensive. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes.

A theory for three-dimensional response of micropolar plates

Through combined applications of the transfer-matrix method and asymptotic expansion technique,we formulate a theory to predict the three-dimensional response of micropolar plates.No ad hoc assumptions regarding through-thickness assumptions of the field variables are made,and the governing equations are two-dimensional,with the displacements and microrotations of the mid-plane as the unknowns.Once the deformation of the mid-plane is solved,a three-dimensional micropolar elastic field within the plate is generated,which is exact up to the second order except in the boundary region close to the plate edge.As an illustrative example,the bending of a clamped infinitely long plate caused by a uniformly distributed transverse force is analyzed and discussed in detail.

New three-dimensional guidance law for BTT missiles based on differential geometry and Lie-group

A new non-decoupling three-dimensional guidance law is proposed for bank-to-turn （BTT） missiles with the motion coupling problem. In this method, the different geometry is taken for theoretically modeling on B-IT missiles＇ motion within the threedimensional style without information loss, and meanwhile, Liegroup is utilized to describe the line-of-sight （LOS） azimuth when the terminal angular constraints are considered. Under these cir- cumstances, a guidance kinematics model is established based on differential geometry. Then, corresponding to no terminal angular constraint and terminal angular constraints, guidance laws are re- spectively designed by using proportional control and generalized proportional-derivative （PD） control in SO（3） group. Eventually, simulation results validate that this developed method can effectively avoid the complexity of pure Lie-group method and the information loss of the traditional decoupling method as well.

On a Quantum Gravity Fractal Spacetime Equation: QRG ≃HD + FG and Its Application to Dark Energy—Accelerated Cosmic Expansion

The paper suggests that quantum relativistic gravity (QRG) is basically a higher dimensionality (HD) simulating relativity and non-classical effects plus a fractal Cantorian spacetime geometry (FG) simulating quantum mechanics. This more than just a conceptual equation is illustrated by integer approximation and an exact solution of the dark energy density behind cosmic expansion.

Behavior of traditional concrete dams and three-dimensional printed concrete dams under the debris flow impact

This study investigated the resilience of traditional concrete dams compared to 3D printed concrete dams(3DPC)when subjected to debris flow.Three types of dams,namely check dams,arch dams,and curve dams,were numerically analyzed using a three-dimensional Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)methodology.The research focused on critical factors such as impact force and viscous energy dissipation to compare dam performance.Additionally,the study examined the printing and service phases of 3DPC models,determining potential failure modes and analyzing printing parameters.The results demonstrated that 3DPC dams outperformed traditional concrete dams,with filament deposition orientation,perpendicular to the debris flow direction,identified as a pivotal factor.Infill percentage and pattern were also found to influence the behavior of 3DPC models.Notably,curved dams exhibited superior performance based on dam geometry.These findings have significant potential for advancing the development of resilient dam structures capable of withstanding debris flow impacts.

Relativistic Quantum Mechanical Condition for Expansion of the Universe

In this manuscript, we will discuss about the quantum mechanical system for the movement of non-intractable particle, non-intractable particle which attends every mass state in the universe, the form of a non-intractable particle is n = -m, this manuscript defines the stable cross system for the movement of n-i particles and elementary particles with a perfect black body at centre with proofs of picture of super massive black hole, the linear hamiltonian of the cross quantum mechanical system and with this, it’s co-related matrixes, then by the use of cross system of Non-Intractable Particles defining a new right angel theorem. Then the new black body relation free from plank constant depends on non interactive mechanics and m, which has already mentioned in non-interactive mechanics and it’s relation with galaxies. The unique property of cross system is that it is surrounded by the energy of 10e + e always, and at last the relation between zero point energy and dark energy.

Hydrogel-supported poly(L-lactic acid) and polystyrene microsphere-based three-dimensional culture systems for in vitro cell expansion

The in vitro expansion of stem cells is important for their application in different life science fields such as cellular tissue and organ repair.An objective of this paper was to achieve static cell culture in vitro through peptide hydrogel-supported microspheres(MSs).The peptides,with their gel-forming properties,microstructures,and mechanical strengths characterized,were found to have good support for the MSs and to be injectable.The internal structures of poly(L-lactic acid)microspheres(PLLA-MSs)and polystyrene microspheres(PS-MSs)made in thelaboratory were observed and statistically analyzed in terms of particle size and pore size,following which the co-cultured MSs with cells were found to have good cell adhesion.In addition,three-dimensional(3D)culturing of cells was performed on the peptide and microcarrier composite scaffolds to measure cell viability and cell proliferation.The results showed that the peptides could be stimulated by the culture medium to self-assembly form a 3D fiber network structure.Under the peptide-Ms composite scaffold-based cell culture system,further enhancement of the cell culture effect was measured.The peptide-Ms composite scaffolds have great potential for the application in 3D cell culture and in vitro cellexpansion.

Quantum Dark Energy from the Hyperbolic Transfinite Cantorian Geometry of the Cosmos

The quintessence of hyperbolic geometry is transferred to a transfinite Cantorian-fractal setting in the present work. Starting from the building block of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory, namely a quantum pre-particle zero set as a core and a quantum pre-wave empty set as cobordism or surface of the core, we connect the interaction of two such self similar units to a compact four dimensional manifold and a corresponding holographic boundary akin to the compactified Klein modular curve with SL(2,7) symmetry. Based on this model in conjunction with a 4D compact hy- perbolic manifold M(4) and the associated general theory, the so obtained ordinary and dark en- ergy density of the cosmos is found to be in complete agreement with previous analysis as well as cosmic measurements and observations such as WMAP and Type 1a supernova.

Flow and Leakage Characteristics in Sealing Chamber of a Variable Geometry Hypersonic Inlet

When the variable geometry hypersonic inlet is sealed with ceramic wafers,the cavity flows inside the sealing chamber can be affected by the boundary layer near the side wall.To study the influence of the boundary layer thickness near the side wall on the flow and leakage characteristics in sealing chamber,the numerical calculation of the cavity flow in the sealing chamber under different inflow boundary layer thicknesses is carried out.The results show that three-dimensional cavity flow structures are close to being asymmetric,and the entrance pressure of the leakage path can also be affected by asymmetry;with the increase of the thickness of the boundary layer,the pressure at the cavity floor and the seal entrance decreases.Finally,the existing leakage prediction model is modified according to the distribution rule of the cavity floor and the flow properties in the leakage path.

Constrained geometry analysis to resolve 3-D deformations from three ground-based radars

When multiple ground-based radars(GB-rads)are utilized together to resolve three-dimensional(3-D)deformations,the resolving accuracy is related with the measurement geometry constructed by these radars.This paper focuses on constrained geometry analysis to resolve 3-D deformations from three GB-rads.The geometric dilution of precision(GDOP)is utilized to evaluate 3-D deformation accuracy of a single target,and its theoretical equation is derived by building a simplified 3-D coordinate system.Then for a 3-D scene,its optimal accuracy problem is converted into determining the minimum value of an objective function with a boundary constraint.The genetic algorithm is utilized to solve this constrained optimization problem.Numerical simulations are made to validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis results.

立体几何展开方法在毛绒玩具开版中的应用

为形成统一方便、立体效果显著的毛绒玩具开版方法,结合几何体展开方法与服装结构设计方法,实现从二维图纸向三维造型的转换。首先通过市场调研,发现年轻消费群体更加偏爱动物形象毛绒玩具,且十分重视毛绒玩具的造型;其次结合立体几何展开原理与部分服装结构设计方法,将毛绒玩具各部分概括为立体几何图形,进行局部造型展开分析和开版制作;最后以一款毛绒熊玩具为例,主材料为针织绒面布料,实践验证运用立体几何展开方法便于二维纸样到三维实物的转换。

吉林省延边地区路基边坡膨胀土孔隙分布特性

针对膨胀土边坡稳定性问题,对吉林省延边地区路基边坡膨胀土进行野外调查及室内测试.对膨胀土的粒度成分、矿物成分进行了测试鉴定,并对土样进行了膨胀性试验.此外利用压汞试验对其进行了孔隙结构特征的研究,利用分形几何理论,结合土样的膨胀特性,将膨胀土孔隙分布分成大、中小、微、超微孔隙4个区间.研究结果表明:经膨胀性测试,研究区5个土样为弱膨胀性土,其中膨胀力较强的土孔隙在超微至微孔隙区间分布相对较多,而膨胀力较弱的土孔隙分布在中与大孔隙区间相对较多.

基于计算几何的非线性可视化分类器设计

分类界面的计算是分类器设计的基本问题之一.本文以训练样本的空间表示为出发点设计了基于计算几何的区域主动生长的类界面求取方法.该方法首先对表示空间进行空间量化,并将量化后的点集按照信息表示分为基点与非基点,通过对基点区域的主动生长,使得整个表示空间任意区域均可进行类别表示,从而完成分类界面的计算过程.在具体分类器设计中,利用散点图的组合特性,将低维数据映射到多个可视空间,形成可视化组合分类器.对UCI数据集的分类实验表明,该分类器不但具有良好的可视化特性,而且分类性能已经达到或超过主流分类器的水平.

应用不连续因子修正的六角形解析节块方法

在六角形解析节块方法中引入不连续因子,对该方法进行改进研究,并研制了分析程序HANDF和HANDF-C。应用该程序对UO2和MOX燃料组件组成的基准题进行了计算,结果表明,改进后的方法能够有效地提高反应堆堆芯(特别是非均匀性较强的堆芯)功率分布和有效增殖因子的计算精度。

论流动的对称性及其相关的恒定性

通过对非线性代数方程导致流动的非对称性、非线性偏微分方程导致流动的非对称性、流动的恒定性及其对对称性的影响的论述,指出:对平面二维对称几何边界单一的流动,即仅有一个进口断面和一个出口断面的流动,进口断面流动的对称性并不能决定出口断面流动的对称性,亦即整个流场流动的对称性.

膨胀型水泥硬化浆体变形的分形与粘弹性分析——含钙矾石和水镁石膨胀源的水泥硬化浆体的膨胀机理分析

应用分形学与粘弹性力学对含钙矾石和水镁石膨胀源的水泥硬化浆体的膨胀机理进行了研究与分析。得到在这种膨胀型水泥硬化浆体中的钙矾石和水镁石膨胀随SO3与MgO质量分数和时间的变化规律 ;揭示了膨胀型水泥硬化浆体的分形行为 ,其膨胀曲线的分形元服从指数规律 ;解释了在钙矾石膨胀的基础上水镁石膨胀的非线性叠加现象 ;解释了来自钙矾石和水镁石的结晶膨胀能不可能全部用作膨胀功 ,而是部分消耗在变形过程中 ,部分贮存在水泥硬化浆体中 ,部分用于使水泥硬化浆体结构致密化的膨胀规律。

高能重离子碰撞实验中的软物理研究现状

高能重离子碰撞实验中的软物理研究能够帮助我们清楚认识系统的集体演化过程,并且有助于理解碰撞产生的热密系统的性质。本文介绍了高能重离子碰撞实验中软物理的研究现状及其新近取得的实验成果,包括七部分内容:1)高能重离子碰撞简介;2)碰撞几何方面的研究现状;3)粒子产生方面的研究现状;4)关联与起伏方面的研究现状;5)集体膨胀方面的研究现状;6)强子化方面的研究现状;7)LHC/ALICE实验上的软物理预期。最后,本文对高能重离子碰撞实验中的软物理研究现状进行总结。

蝴蝶定理变形命题的统一证明

利用射影几何的交比不变性,给合蝴蝶定理不同形式的统一证法,揭示蝴蝶定理的内在联系.

合肥地区膨胀土颗粒粒径的分形分维研究

简要介绍了分形几何的相关理论 ,通过推求膨胀土颗粒粒径的质量分形特征函数得出了膨胀土颗粒粒径的分形分维简易、方便的计算公式。用筛选法和比重计 (相对密度计 )法对合肥地区有代表性的膨胀土试样进行分析、整理 ,给出了该地区的膨胀土颗粒粒径的分形分维值大致范围 。