Numerical Investigation on Fluid Structure Interaction Considering Rotor Deformation for a Centrifugal Pump

The existing research for unsteady flow field and the corresponding flow induced vibration analysis of centrifugal pump are mainly carried out respectively without considering the interaction between fluid and structure. The ignorance of fluid structure interaction （FSI） means that the energy transfer between fluid and structure is neglected. To some extent, the accuracy and reliability of unsteady flow and rotor deflection analysis should be affected by this interaction mechanism. In this paper, a combined calculation between two executables for turbulent flow and vibrating structure was established using two-way coupling method to study the effect of FSI. Pressure distributions, radial forces, rotor deflection and equivalent stress are analyzed. The results show that the FSI effect to pressure distribution in flow field is complex. The pressure distribution is affected not only around impeller outlet where different variation trends of pressure values with and without FSI appear according to different relative positions between blade and cutwater, but also in the diffusion section of volute. Variation trends of peak values of radial force amplitude calculated with and without FSI are nearly same under high flow rate and designed conditions while the peak value with FSI is slightly smaller, and differently, the peak value with FSI is larger with low flow rate. In addition, the effect of FSI on the angle of radial force is quite complex, especially under 0.5Q condition. Fluctuation of radial deflection of the rotor has obvious four periods, of which the extent is relatively small under design condition and is relatively large under off-design condition. Finally, fluctuations of equivalent stress with time are obvious under different conditions, and stress value is small. The proposed research establishes the FSI calculation method for centrifugal pump analysis, and ensures the existing affect by fluid structure interaction.

Unsteady Flow and Structural Behaviors of Centrifugal Pump under Cavitation Conditions

Cavitation has a significant e ect on the flow fields and structural behaviors of a centrifugal pump. In this study, the unsteady flow and structural behaviors of a centrifugal pump are investigated numerically under di erent cavitation conditions. A strong two-way coupling fluid-structure interaction simulation is applied to obtain interior views of the e ects of cavitating bubbles on the flow and structural dynamics of a pump. The renormalization-group k-ε turbulence model and the Zwart–Gerbe–Belamri cavitation model are solved for the fluid side, while a transient structural dynamic analysis is employed for the structure side. The di erent cavitation states are mapped in the head-net positive suction head(H-NPSH) curves and flow field features inside the impeller are fully revealed. Results indicate that cavitating bubbles grow and expand rapidly with decreasing NPSH. In addition, the pressure fluctuations, both in the impeller and volute, are quantitatively analyzed and associated with the cavitation states. It is shown that influence of the cavitation on the flow field is critical, specifically in the super-cavitation state. The e ect of cavitation on the unsteady radial force and blade loads is also discussed. The results indicate that the averaged radial force increased from 8.5 N to 54.4 N in the transition progress from an onset cavitation state to a super-cavitation state. Furthermore, the structural behaviors, including blade deformation, stress, and natural frequencies, corresponding to the cavitation states are discussed. A large volume of cavitating bubbles weakens the fluid forces on the blade and decreases the natural frequencies of the rotor system. This study could enhance the understanding of the e ects of cavitation on pump flow and structural behaviors.

Numerical simulation of unsteady interaction of centrifugal impeller with its diffuser using Lagrangian discrete vortex method

In this study, an advanced Lagrangian vortex- boundary element method is applied to simulate the unsteady impeller-diffuser interactions in a diffuser pump not only for design but also for off-design considerations. In velocity calculations based on the Biot-Savart law we do not have to grid large portions of the flow field and the calculation points are concentrated in the regions where vorticity is present. Lagrangian representation of the evolving vorticity field is well suited to moving boundaries. An integral pressure equation shows that the pressure distribution can be estimated directly from the instantaneous velocity and vorticity field. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data and the comparisons show that the method used in this study can provide us insight into the complicated unsteady impeller-diffuser interaction phenomena in a diffuser pump.

Unsteady Turbulent Simulation and Pressure Fluctuation Analysis for Centrifugal Pumps

The pressure fluctuation in the flow passage of both impeller and casing is addressed on design condition. The initial conditions for the unsteady turbulent simulation are resulted from the steady calculations, and the three dimensional unsteady turbulent simulation concerning the rotor-stator interaction is executed by a Navier-Stoke solver embedded with k -ε turbulence model and with appropriate moving interface boundary conditions. Detecting points are distributed in the flow passage in different radial and circumferential positions to capture the static pressure fluctuation character for one cycle of the impeller. The time-domain spectrums show that the static pressure curves are periodic and have five peaks and five valleys. With the radius increasing, the pressure fluctuation peak-to-peak values in the impeller are increasing, and reach the maximum value on the interface. In the casing flow passage, those values are about 7% of local static pressure except some ones near the tongue. The values become decreasingly in the diffuser pipe. The frequency spectrums transformed by fast Fourier transform （FFT） show that the dominant frequency is approximate with the blade passing frequency, and the pressure fluctuations in impeller passage have high frequency content while those in casing ones have no such information.

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.

Study of steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flows in a turbine stage

Objective To develop the numerical method for the steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flow in turbine stage. Methods An Eulerian/Eulerian numerical model is used to describe the spontaneous condensation flow in the steam turbine. For the steady condensing flow computations, the mixing plane model was used. For the unsteady condensing flow computations, the sliding mesh method was used to simulate the rotor-stator interactions. Results The numerical results showed the obvious differences between non-condensing and condensing flows. The results also showed the unsteadiness effect due to rotor-stator interactions had a deep influence on the formation and growth process of water droplets. Conclusion The numerical methods presented in this paper are valid for the condensing flow in the turbine stage.

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Unsteady Flow in a Model Francis Hydraulic Turbine

For Francis hydraulic turbines, unsteady flow caused by vortex ropes in the draft tube leads to a problem of stability in operation. The unsteady flow field of a model Francis hydraulic turbine was simulated under part-load operation. A sliding mesh model was used to calculate a time-accurate solution for the strong rotor-stator interactions between the runner and guide vanes, and the draft tube. Based on three-dimensional incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and on a renormalization group k-?turbulence model, spatial discretization was obtained by using the finite volume method with unstructured grid elements, and a second order fully implicit scheme was applied for time. Pressure fluctuations in the draft tube were recorded and analyzed via a fast Fourier transform calculation. The results were compared with the experimental data, and show that the vortex rope in the draft tube and the induced pressure fluctuations are well simulated.

Impeller-diffuser interaction:analysis of the unsteady flow structures based on their direction of propagation

The present study is focused on the analysis of the deterministic fluctuations arising from the rotor-stator interaction within a transonic centrifugal compressor stage. A spectral analysis applied to the unsteady flow field leads to the values of the rotation speed of most energetic modes. From these values, the various structures are classified according to their direction of propagation which leads to a comprehensive description of the underlying mechanisms involved in the interaction.

泵喷定子襟翼作动对转子非定常力抑制方法数值研究

[目的]转子非定常力是泵喷推进器轴系振动的主要激励源,其产生机理和抑制机理受转−定子干扰流动的影响,需研究其抑制方法。[方法]在泵喷推进器定子后缘引入襟翼结构,利用襟翼作动产生二次流动,改变转子入流条件,调控转−定子干扰流动,达到抑制转子非定常力的目的。以具有前置定子襟翼的Suboff全附体艇后泵喷推进器为研究对象,采用基于SST k–ω湍流模型的URANS方法和动网格技术建立可实现定子襟翼作动的数值模型。针对转子非定常力转子叶频分量的抑制,给出定子襟翼作动规律的表达式。[结果]结果显示,在襟翼作动最优控制下,泵喷的水动力性能变化不超过1%,转子轴向非定常力在转子叶频处下降了83.35%,单个转子叶片轴向非定常力在转子叶频处降低了81.80%;襟翼作动对定子尾迹与转子入流速度的调控是抑制转子非定常力的机理。[结论]研究表明,最优控制下的定子襟翼作动能够在保持水动力性能的同时使转子非定常力特征线谱得到显著抑制,可为泵喷推进器的叶频等线谱控制提供一种新的思路。

高速泵内三维非定常动静干扰流动计算

利用三维Navier-Stokes方程和RNG湍流模型,并在转动部件与静止部件间采用滑移网格技术建立交互界面,对高速泵内多级动静干扰引起的三维非定常湍流进行了计算,得到了旋转叶轮与固定导叶间的流体的紊流特征。

液力变矩器泵轮内流场非定常流动现象研究

液力变矩器内部为复杂的三维非定常湍流流动,为分析变矩器泵轮内部三维非定常流动特性,建立液力变矩器非定常计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)仿真分析模型,并通过激光多普勒测速(Laser Doppler anemometry,LDA)技术手段对该模型进行验证分析。研究泵轮转速800 r/min,速比为0.6工况下,不同涡轮和导轮位置,对于泵轮内流场非定常流动现象的影响。结果表明:该非定常CFD模型结果与LDA测试结果相吻合,且能够较为准确地反映泵轮内流场非定常流动状态,作为泵轮流场的上游,相对于涡轮对泵轮内部流动的影响,导轮对泵轮内流动状态的影响较大,并主要影响泵轮入口面附近。涡轮主要影响泵轮内流场中间面到出口面的尾流低速区,但影响幅度相对于导轮较小。

多级离心泵内部非定常压力脉动的数值模拟

为了研究多级离心泵内部稳态和瞬态的流动特征,以不锈钢冲压多级离心泵为研究对象,基于计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)软件ANSYS CFX,选取标准k-ε湍流模型,在设计工况下对整机进行两级全流场非定常数值模拟.计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了数值模型和计算方法的准确性.在叶轮某一流道的压力面和吸力面分别设置了4个监测点,在导叶的某一流道设置了6个监测点,分别分析了叶轮和流道式导叶内不同位置的压力脉动特性,并对其进行了频域分析.结果表明:叶轮与导叶间的动静干涉是产生静压波动的原因,静压波动均值从叶轮进口到叶轮出口逐渐增大;整体式冲压叶轮的形状影响正导叶内的压力脉动,一个周期内的压力波动间隔相似;叶轮和导叶间的动静干涉影响显著,首级泵体反导叶中部及出口位置脉动频率为3倍叶频,而在其他位置处均为1倍叶频;额定工况下导叶内部脉动主频均出现在低频处,表现为叶频压力脉动.

带分流叶片混流式水泵非定常流动特性研究

为研究在流固耦合作用下分流叶片对混流式水泵的性能影响,以某型号的大流量混流式水泵作为研究对象,采用双向流固耦合方法和动网格变形技术对有/无分流叶片混流泵进行流场和结构场计算。对比分析了有/无分流叶片对混流泵非定常流动特性和动力学特性的影响。研究发现,分流叶片的添加使得动静干涉产生的压力脉动幅值的最大值大幅降低,但减小了脉动衰减的速度。有/无分流叶片对轴向力平均值影响不大,但考虑流固耦合效应时轴向力有所减小并有波动产生。分流叶片的添加可以降低应力以及形变的波动幅值。叶片最大应力区主要集中于靠近叶轮轮毂及轮缘处,分流叶片的添加使得叶片最大应力减小,且改善了应力变化梯度,使得应力分布更加均匀。分流叶片的添加也使得叶片形变在圆周方向更加均匀,改善了形变分布的偏心问题。研究结果可以为混流泵叶片的优化设计提供相应参考。

大型灯泡贯流泵站全流道非定常湍流数值模拟

针对大型灯泡贯流泵为泵站振动的主要水力激振源,为分析研究流激振动产生的机理,应用不可压缩的连续方程、Reynolds平均的N-S方程和RNGk-ε双方程湍流模型,模拟了大型灯泡贯流泵全流道三维非定常湍流流动,并采用滑移网格技术模拟机组内部的动静干扰,获得了流道内的流速与压力分布规律,通过对监测点的压力脉动时程作傅里叶变换获得流道内压力脉动的频谱特性,为泵站结构振动问题研究提供依据。

高扬程双吸油泵三维非定常动静干扰流动计算

在设计工况下,采用CFX提供的rotor-stator滑移网格技术对某高扬程双吸油泵进行了三维非定常数值计算,分析了"叶轮-蜗壳"动静干扰作用引起的非定常流动特性。结果表明:双吸油泵内流的非定常流动特征非常明显,蜗壳内流动非常复杂,存在二次流,流体以涡的形式向前推进;靠近隔舌断面的涡型以及涡强度受动静干扰作用的影响明显,而远离蜗壳隔舌的断面涡形及涡强度受动静干扰作用的影响不明显;叶片与蜗壳隔舌的动静干扰作用使得蜗壳扩散段内静压出现周期性的波动,其脉动频率与叶轮旋转频率一致;强动静干扰作用使得隔舌头部存在局部高静压。

双层蜗壳离心泵内非定常流动压力场分析

为研究双层蜗壳离心泵叶轮与蜗壳动静干涉作用下叶轮出口压力分布特点和工况变化对压力分布的影响,应用CFD技术对模型泵内部的流动进行非定常流动数值模拟,并对变工况压力场进行分析。3种工况下,叶片经过隔舌和叶片经过隔板始端时刻,叶轮与蜗壳的动静耦合干涉作用对叶轮出口压力分布影响比较大,动静干涉作用引起的压力分布变化受工况的影响比较大;叶片处于中间位置时刻,叶轮与蜗壳的动静耦合作用减弱,对叶轮出口压力分布影响较小,叶轮出口压力分布均匀性受工况的影响较小。

离心泵关死点叶轮结构场分析

为准确得到叶轮在关死点工况下载荷作用应力和变形,对一比转数为46的离心泵关死点工况下的结构场进行了流固耦合数值计算。基于数值模拟结果,预测了流固耦合后关死点扬程,并详细分析了叶轮结构场的变化规律。研究结果表明:叶轮前后盖板靠近隔舌处区域的位移变形和等效应力都为最大;各叶片的位移变形从进口到出口逐渐增大,但各叶片的等效应力最大值并不在叶片出口边。

水泵水轮机极小开度反水泵工况压力脉动与内流特性分析

混流式水泵水轮机普遍存在S特性区,水轮机工况启动时机组常不能由空载直接带负载,容易进入反水泵区,导致机组并网困难。本文以模型水泵水轮机为对象,对极小导叶开度下的多个反水泵工况点进行了整体流道三维流动计算,探讨极小导叶开度下反水泵区机组的非定常流动特性。数值计算采用SAS SST-CC湍流模型,5个定常工况点计算的外特性曲线与模型试验数据吻合较好。对流量较小的工况进行非定常计算,旋转转轮9个叶道各8个测点的压力脉动结果显示,相似位置测点间的压力脉动混频幅值和频率均存在明显差异,峰峰值的差异最大达到4.2%,说明此时转轮内的流态分布很不均匀。测点离导叶越近,低频脉动的主频从0.19 fn逐渐增加到1.07 fn;动静干涉引起的20 fn脉动幅度会逐渐增强,但转轮出口位于出流与入流过渡区的测点趋势则不同。结果显示在反水泵工况区运行,转轮各叶道间的流态分布极不对称,充满了严重的流动分离和漩涡。

空间导叶式离心泵非定常流动压力脉动特性分析

为研究立式长轴泵叶轮与空间导叶间由于动静干涉诱发泵流场内的压力脉动特性,基于标准κ-ε模型及Reynolds时均N-S方程对某型号立式长轴泵水力模型在0.8Q、1.0Q、1.2Q三种工况下进行非定常数值模拟,得到各监测点的压力脉动时域数据,通过FFT变换得到频域图谱,并对时域、频域曲线进行分析。结果表明,叶轮与空间导叶的动静耦合作用是产生压力脉动的主因;泵中主要存在白噪声、叶频及转频三种形式的压力脉动;压力脉动的大小受工况影响较大,额定工况下压力脉动值较小。研究结果为空间导叶式离心泵水力性能优化、振动及噪声诊断提供了依据,对其他形式压水室水压力脉动研究也有参考价值。

高速泵内三维非定常湍流激振计算

针对某一高速泵系统的诱导轮叶片在实际运行时出现裂纹断裂现象,利用三维Navier-Stokes方程和RNG湍流模型,并在转动部件与静止部件间采用滑移网格技术建立交互界面,对高速泵内多级动静干扰引起的三维非定常湍流进行了计算,得到了诱导轮内部流体压力脉动的主要特征。计算结果表明,诱导轮全流道内流体压力脉动的频率成分一致,在某一转速范围内出现与叶片固有频率接近的频率成分,它是造成诱导轮叶片出现裂纹的主要原因。说明利用滑移网格技术及RNG湍流模型,可以模拟三维非定常湍流的激振问题。