Development of Green Polymer Electrolyte Through Hot Press Method

To develop the green polymeric membrane electrolyte,-Polycaprolactone(PCL)was used as a host and the Ionic liquid(IL)(1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate)as a dopant.The IL is a source of mobile charges in the polymer electrolyte system.The composite membrane has been prepared by Hot Press method and then we characterised this membrane for ionic transportation.Formation of nanocomposite system has been ascertained from their XRD pattern.Interaction phenomenon was studied by ATR based FTIR and Laser Raman spectroscopic technique.Variation of conductivity with composition and temperature was studied with the aid of impedance spectroscopy data.

Discrete element analysis on press and fracture mechanism of propellant grain

To analyze fracture mechanism of propellant grain and study the mechanical properties of propellant grain, the press and fracture processes of propellant grain with and without initial defects are modeled using the discrete element method. On the basis of the appropriate constitutive relationships, the discrete element model of the propellant grain was established. Compared with experimental measurements, the micro-parameters of the bonded-particle model of the propellant grain under unconfined uniaxial compression tests were calibrated. The propellant grains without initial defects, with initial surface defects, and with initial internal defects were studied numerically through a series of unconfined uniaxial compression tests. Results show that the established discrete element model is an efficient tool to study the press and fracture processes of the propellant grain. The fracture process of the propellant grain without initial defects can be divided into the elastic deformation phase, crack initiation phase, crack stable propagation phase, and crack unstable propagation phase. The fracture mechanism of this grain is the global shear failure along the direction of the maximum shear stress. Initial defects have significant effects on both the fracture mechanism and peak strength of the propellant grain. The major fracture mechanism of the propellant grain with initial surface defects is local shear failure, whereas that of the propellant grain with initial internal defects is global tensile failure. Both defects weaken the peak strengths of the propellant grain. Therefore, the carrying and filling process of the propellant grain needs to minimize initial defects as far as possible.

Finite Element Analysis for Multi-pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） is an attractive process method to produce bulk uhra-fine grained materials. There are many experiment evidences showing that the nature of the microstructural evolution in multi-pass ECAP depends on process routes. Isothermal three dimensional FEM simulations for muhi-pass ECAP were performed using DEFORM3D finite element code. The material model of 6061A1-T6 was employed. Flow nets, effective strain distribution in the workpiece and loads during multi-pass ECAP using different routes were analysed respectively, The simulations show process routes influence material flow and effective strain distri- bution in the workpiece obviously but have few influence on loads.

Synthesis of high-purity Ti_2AlN ceramic by hot pressing

High-purity Ti2AlN ceramic was prepared at 1300 ℃ by hot pressing(HP)of Ti/Al/TiN powders in stoichiometric proportion.The sintered product was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and MDI Jade 5.0 software(Materials Data Inc,Liverpool,CA).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA)coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)were utilized to investigate the morphology characteristics.The results show that Ti2AlN phase is well-developed with a close and lamellar structure.The grains are plate-like with the size of 3-5 μm,thickness of 8-10 μm and elongated dimension.The density of Ti2AlN is measured to be 4.22 g/cm3,which reaches 97.9% of its theory value.The distribution of Ti2AlN grains is homogeneous.

Fabrication of monolithic bulk Ti_3AlC_2 and impurity measurement by K-value method

Polycrystalline bulk Ti3AlC2 material with high purity and density was fabricated by hot pressing from the powder mixture with the starting stoichiometric mole ratios of 2.0TiC/ 1.0Ti/ 1.1A1/ 0.1Si at 1 300-1 500℃. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy photographs of the fully dense samples indicate that the proper addition of silicon is favorable to the formation of Ti3AlC2, consequently results in high purity of the prepared samples. The Ti3AlC2 hot pressed at 1 300℃and 1 400℃is in plane-shape with sizes of 6-8μm and 15-20μm in the elongated dimension, respectively. The purities of samples are measured by the K-value method, and the contents of TiC are given by a linear equation.

Finite element simulation on press forging of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets

Press forging of rectangular box of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets was investigated at elevated temperatures.The characteristics of metal flow were analyzed on the basis of finite element method(FEM) and experiments.Effects of friction factor and sidewall thickness on metal flow and boss forming were investigated by FEM.The results indicate that the bosses and the sidewall of the rectangular box are formed unevenly due to the uneven flow of the metal.The increase in friction factor at die/sheet interface improves the metal flow pattern and the efficiency of boss forming,but reduces the sidewall uniformity.Decrease in sidewall thickness enhances boss forming efficiency,whereas the punch load increases in this case.The present work can provide reasonable parameters and design guideline for the practical press forging process of magnesium alloy sheets.

ANALYSIS OF FORMING PRESSURE AND INSIDE DIAMETER VARIATION IN THIN WALL TUBE PRESS EXPANSION

The forming pressure is calculated by utilizing the slab method and the variation principles and influence factors of inside diameter in thin wall tube press expansion are analyzed.The results of theoretical analysis are well agree with the experiments.The conclusion is valuable to product quality control in the actual manufacturing.

Press cutting of thin-walled round pipe for producing curvilinear end

In order to obtain a basic understanding of the unwanted distortions in the pipe wall during the press cutting process, the deformation of a thin-walled round pipe to form a curvilinear end was numerically and experimentally studied. Vector analysis was used to study the relationship between the punch shape and the collapse of the cut-end. Stamping experiments on AISI 1020 steel pipe were conducted using different angles a and β defining the shape of the punch. The elasto-plastic finite element method that allows consideration of a ductile fracture was also employed to study the process. The results show that the deformation of the pipe end after press cutting is inβuenced mostly by the shape of the punch. A satisfactory quality of the curvilinear end of the pipe can be obtained if the appropriate geometric parameters of the punch are chosen. The pipe-wall collapse in the upper part of the section is decreased when a and β increase. The recommended values for a and β lie within 30°-50°. The hole on the underside of the punch has less inβuence on the quality of the cut-end, and the wall distortion and the generation of burr on the cut-end can be satisfactorily simulated using the fracture criterion of Brozzo or the normalized criterion of Cockcroft and Latham.

Effects of various sintering methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of CP-Ti powder consolidations

Effects of various sintering methods such as spark plasma sintering(SPS), hot pressing(HP) and electric resistance sintering(ERS) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial pure titanium(CP-Ti) powder consolidations with particle size of <147 μm, <74 μm and <43 μm were studied. The smaller particle powders are densified to proceed at a higher rate. Dense titanium with relative density up to 99% is found to take place at 850 °C under 30 MPa of SPS and HP condition. However, in case of ERS, CP-Ti powders were densified almost at 950 °C under 30 MPa. The microstructure of sintered titanium is composed of equiaxed grains at 850-950 °C. The yield strength of sintered body composed of <43 μm powder is 858 MPa by using SPS at 850 °C under 30 MPa. When there is a higher content of small particle, the higher yield strength value is obtained both by using SPS and HP. However, when ERS is introduced, the highest yield strength is 441 MPa at 950 °C under 30 MPa, which shows much lower values than those by SPS and HP methods. ERS method takes much less sintering time compared with SPS and HP. Nevertheless, higher sintering temperature results in lower strength and elongation because of brittle fracture.

Output torque and temperature control technologies for an electrical screw press motor

The DSC(direct self control) of speed regulation technology was applied to drive a motor running at a certain overloading ratio in intermittent working conditions.To control motor temperatures rising effectively,a finite element method with an iterative approach was applied to simulate real working conditions and analyze the temperature rising of the inner part of the motor.Application of DSC speed regulation realizes the invariable torque output quickly and avoids the peak current at the start state in favor of the motor temperature decreasing.Based on an analysis with the finite limit method,some effective measures were taken to improve the ability of the motor to expel heat.The overload ability of the motor was improved and the stable motor temperature rising was obtained,fulfilling the demands of electrical screw presses.

Finite-Element Analysis of Parts Stress State of Tight Joint Assembled by Press Fitting

This paper includes descriptions of the stress distribution regularities in the tight joint parts, regularities of the stress state changes in the contact region along coupling length, stress concentration factors, levels of additional stresses caused by press fitting. Distributions of stress intensity, axial stress, contact pressure, tangent stress in parts and in contact zone along coupling length are considered. Calculation results obtained by three approaches: Lame relationships, FEM without considering assembly method, FEM with considering press fitting process are analyzed and compared. The adequacy of research carried out is confirmed.

Optimization of the Hot Pressing Process for Preparing Flax Fiber/PE Thermoplastic Composite

The hot pressing process parameters were optimized to prepare flax fiber reinforced polyethylene(PE)thermoplastic composite by the Taguchi method.The optimal hot pressing process parameters were determined to increase the tensile strength of the composite.The optimal parameters of the design include the following sections:hot pressing temperature,pressure,hot pressing time and coupling agent modification time.An L9(3*4)orthogonal matrix based on the Taguchi method was created.By means of analysis of signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance,the optimal hot pressing process parameters combination was found,compared to the average tensile strength in the nine design experiments,and the tensile strength was improved nearly 10%.

混凝土粗糙面几何特征采集的压饼拓模法试验研究

提出适用于粗糙面几何特征采集的压饼拓模法,并介绍了压饼仪构造及使用方法,使用此方法进行了5种不同预置时长的超轻黏土物理性能和拓印精度试验。结果表明:当黏土开封预置2h左右时,可获得最优拓模精度;塑性沉陷值比含水率更适宜作为界面粗糙度拓模精度控制的黏土物理性质评价指标,当黏土塑性沉陷值不小于1.5mm时,对应点平均误差在0.3mm以内;回弹值对拓模精度影响不大。同时采取增大按压压力、二次按揉、附加刚性背板等措施进行拓模精度影响研究。结果表明:按压压力不应小于50N;二次按揉可提高模印精度;采用刚开封黏土时,附加刚性背板措施可实现高精度即时脱模,其对应点平均误差在0.12mm以内。

脏腑图点穴法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征临床观察

目的研究脏腑图点穴法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS)的临床效果。方法选取2020年1月—2022年10月就诊于山东中医药高等专科学校莱阳附属医院针灸科的腹泻型肠易激综合征患者60例,根据就诊顺序,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例。治疗组采用脏腑图点穴法治疗,对照组采用对症口服西药治疗。根据治疗前后两组患者的IBS症状严重程度量表(IBS-SSS)评分差异比较临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为93.33%(28/30),明显高于对照组的76.67%(23/30),差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=4.153,P=0.041);两组患者治疗后的各项IBS-SSS评分均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用脏腑图点穴法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征效果显著,值得临床推广。

针灸结合邵氏按揉牵拉法治疗小儿肌性斜颈疗效观察

目的:观察针灸结合邵氏按揉牵拉法治疗小儿先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)的效果。方法:60例根据单双数法均分为两组各30例,两组均行针灸治疗,观察组加用邵氏按揉牵拉法治疗。结果:总有效率观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组颈部被动关节活动度高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后两组肿块面积、肿块厚度均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针灸结合邵氏按揉牵拉法治疗CMT可提高疗效。

基于肺脾同调针刺治疗良性甲状腺结节新探

良性甲状腺结节是临床常见病、多发病,文章紧扣“气滞、痰湿、血瘀”之病机,另辟蹊径,确定针灸治则治法,运用膻中皮刺法开胸调肺气,毫针扎跳开髋祛脾邪,局部皮内针和揿针组合围刺结节以祛瘀,通过不同针具和针刺方法配合使用,上下配穴相结合,临床疗效满意,现阐述如下,与飨同道。

指压法对肥胖模型大鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化状态的影响

目的观察指压法对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞极化状态的影响,探讨指压法对肥胖模型大鼠脂肪组织免疫炎症反应的作用。方法将35只SD雄性大鼠造模后,随机分为正常组、模型组、指压组,每组10只。予指压法进行推拿干预,10 min/次,共6周,并记录每周体质量。治疗结束后,检测肥胖指标(体质量、Lee′s指数),脂代谢指标(TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C);免疫组化法检测脂肪组织中的M1、M2型巨噬细胞特异性抗体CD11c、CD206;采用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western Blot)技术检测各组大鼠脂肪组织中M1型巨噬细胞标志物诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible NOS,iNOS)及IL-6蛋白的表达。结果与正常组相比,模型组体质量、Lee′s指数、血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量均显著升高、M1型巨噬细胞CD11c浸润升高、M2型巨噬细胞CD206浸润减少、M1与M2比值明显增大、iNOS及IL-6蛋白的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组相比,指压组大鼠体质量、Lee′s指数、血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量均显著下降、M1型巨噬细胞CD11c浸润表达量显著下降、M2型巨噬细胞CD206的表达量明显增高、M1与M2比值显著降低、iNOS及IL-6表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论指压法能抑制高脂饮食诱导的M1型巨噬细胞极化状态,从而达到抑制炎症的作用,调节肥胖状态。

揉拨法调节DHPR/RyR通路对肌筋膜疼痛综合征大鼠的改善作用研究

【目的】探讨揉拨法对肌筋膜疼痛综合征(MPS)大鼠的治疗作用及机制。【方法】从60只大鼠中随机抽取12只作为正常组,其余大鼠采用钝性打击结合离心运动法构建MPS模型。再将48只造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、揉拨法组、揉拨法+丹曲林[利若丁受体(Ry R)抑制剂]组、揉拨法+生理盐水组,每组12只。采用von-Frey法测定机械性痛阈值;检测软组织张力、肌电图;透射电镜观察激痛点组织超微结构;比色法检测激痛点组织内钙离子(Ca^(2+))含量;Western Blot法检测激痛点组织二氢吡啶受体(DHPR)α1、Ry R、乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)蛋白表达。【结果】与正常组比较,模型组大鼠机械性痛阈值、激痛点软组织张力以及激痛点组织DHPRα1、Ry R、ACh E蛋白表达降低,Ca^(2+)含量增加(均P<0.05),肌电图出现振幅较高的峰电位、变化明显,激痛点组织超微结构受损;与模型组比较,揉拨法组、揉拨法+生理盐水组大鼠机械性痛阈值、激痛点软组织张力以及激痛点组织DHPRα1、Ry R、ACh E蛋白表达升高,Ca^(2+)含量减少(均P<0.05),肌电图恢复平稳,激痛点组织超微结构损伤减轻;与揉拨法组比较,揉拨法+丹曲林组大鼠机械性痛阈值、激痛点软组织张力以及激痛点组织DHPRα1、Ry R、ACh E蛋白表达降低,Ca^(2+)含量增加(均P<0.05),肌电图出现电活动变化,激痛点组织超微结构损伤加重。【结论】揉拨法可能通过激活DHPR/Ry R信号通路改善大鼠MPS。

疏肝调神针法联合耳穴揿针在腰椎间盘术前焦虑患者情绪与睡眠改善中的应用

[目的]探讨疏肝调神针法联合耳穴揿针对腰椎间盘突出症术前焦虑患者不良情绪以及睡眠状态的影响。[方法]选择2022年1月—2024年1月广州中医药大学东莞医院收治的120例拟行择期手术治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者,随机数字表法将患者分为两组。对照组(60例)术前采用疏肝调神针法治疗,观察组(60例)术前采用疏肝调神针法联合耳穴揿针治疗。观察两组焦虑状态、睡眠质量以及神经递质、神经内分泌指标。[结果]两组治疗后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、术前焦虑量表(PAS-7)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分,血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(CORT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05),血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)水平较治疗前增高(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后SAS、HAMA、PAS-7、PSQI评分,血清ACTH、CORT、NE水平低于对照组(P<0.05),血清5-HT、5-HIAA、GABA水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]疏肝调神针法联合耳穴揿针可有效调节神经内分泌功能和神经递质平衡,缓解腰椎间盘突出症患者焦虑程度,改善睡眠质量。