A GIS audit framework is necessary considering the diverse nature of GIS with regard to components, applications and industry. In practice, checklists are generated during the audit process based on specific objective...A GIS audit framework is necessary considering the diverse nature of GIS with regard to components, applications and industry. In practice, checklists are generated during the audit process based on specific objectives. There is no standardized list of items that can be used as a reference. The purpose of this study was to develop a GIS audit framework as a foundation for GIS audits. The framework provides that comprehensive approach to various GIS aspects during the audit process. The design builds on a developed conceptual framework where most significant categories of GIS audit parameters namely data quality, software utilization, GIS competency and procedures (work flows) were identified. The study adopted a reductive model approach to simplify the complexity associated with each category of GIS audit parameter. The resultant audit elements for each category are organized in a matrix that forms an integral part of the framework. The columns comprise audit goal, audit questions and audit subjects as indicators which are qualitatively measured. The rows comprise the parameters (data quality, software utilization, personnel competency and procedure (workflows)). To use the framework, an auditor only needs to create an audit checklist that consists of particular parameters and indicators from the framework depending on audit objective. As part of an on-going research, the next step will involve validating the framework through a mock testing process.展开更多
In the present paper, the time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy of helium atoms is investigated based on the three-level modeling. The helium atoms are subjected to an extreme ultraviolet （XUV） attosecond ...In the present paper, the time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy of helium atoms is investigated based on the three-level modeling. The helium atoms are subjected to an extreme ultraviolet （XUV） attosecond pulse and a time-delayed infrared （IR） few-cycle laser field. The odd excited state are populated from the ground state by the XUV pulse due to the dipole selection rule, and probed by the time-delayed IR laser. The time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy based on the different coupling mechanism demonstrate some different features, the photoabsorption spectrum based on three-level model with rotating wave approximation （RWA） cannot repeat the fast oscillation and the sideband structure which have been observed in the previous experimental investigation. The dressing effect of IR laser pulse on the ground state can contribute new interference structures in the photoabsorption spectrum.展开更多
Validity of service in the service system is significantly affected by reliability of providers and availability of service contents.Most service inspiring schemes in peer-to-peer(P2P) networks associate each provider...Validity of service in the service system is significantly affected by reliability of providers and availability of service contents.Most service inspiring schemes in peer-to-peer(P2P) networks associate each provider with reputation or money to ensure provider's reliability so as to improve the availability of service contents.However,these schemes bring considerable risk to consumers when a provider with high reputation or money publishes a malicious service content.Moreover,the number of providers decreases as some providers are rejected while they have unconsciously published one or several polluted contents ever.The risk may spread to more users and cause the collapse of the service system.Recently,some researches have shown that the unconscious polluted contents are over twice as many as the intentional polluted contents.In order to distinguish the unconscious polluted contents from the intentional polluted contents and rescue those correlative users,we propose an audit model based on each service content to improve the validity of services.In our model,each node is associated with money,and each service content is associated with reputation.The unconscious polluted contents are prevented via consumers' evaluation,and the intentional polluted contents and malicious providers are rejected via audit executors' evaluation.Simulation results show that the model improves the ratio of available service contents and reliable providers.展开更多
文摘A GIS audit framework is necessary considering the diverse nature of GIS with regard to components, applications and industry. In practice, checklists are generated during the audit process based on specific objectives. There is no standardized list of items that can be used as a reference. The purpose of this study was to develop a GIS audit framework as a foundation for GIS audits. The framework provides that comprehensive approach to various GIS aspects during the audit process. The design builds on a developed conceptual framework where most significant categories of GIS audit parameters namely data quality, software utilization, GIS competency and procedures (work flows) were identified. The study adopted a reductive model approach to simplify the complexity associated with each category of GIS audit parameter. The resultant audit elements for each category are organized in a matrix that forms an integral part of the framework. The columns comprise audit goal, audit questions and audit subjects as indicators which are qualitatively measured. The rows comprise the parameters (data quality, software utilization, personnel competency and procedure (workflows)). To use the framework, an auditor only needs to create an audit checklist that consists of particular parameters and indicators from the framework depending on audit objective. As part of an on-going research, the next step will involve validating the framework through a mock testing process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674034 and 11564033)the Foundation of President of the China Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.2014-1-029)
文摘In the present paper, the time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy of helium atoms is investigated based on the three-level modeling. The helium atoms are subjected to an extreme ultraviolet （XUV） attosecond pulse and a time-delayed infrared （IR） few-cycle laser field. The odd excited state are populated from the ground state by the XUV pulse due to the dipole selection rule, and probed by the time-delayed IR laser. The time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy based on the different coupling mechanism demonstrate some different features, the photoabsorption spectrum based on three-level model with rotating wave approximation （RWA） cannot repeat the fast oscillation and the sideband structure which have been observed in the previous experimental investigation. The dressing effect of IR laser pulse on the ground state can contribute new interference structures in the photoabsorption spectrum.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60903160)
文摘Validity of service in the service system is significantly affected by reliability of providers and availability of service contents.Most service inspiring schemes in peer-to-peer(P2P) networks associate each provider with reputation or money to ensure provider's reliability so as to improve the availability of service contents.However,these schemes bring considerable risk to consumers when a provider with high reputation or money publishes a malicious service content.Moreover,the number of providers decreases as some providers are rejected while they have unconsciously published one or several polluted contents ever.The risk may spread to more users and cause the collapse of the service system.Recently,some researches have shown that the unconscious polluted contents are over twice as many as the intentional polluted contents.In order to distinguish the unconscious polluted contents from the intentional polluted contents and rescue those correlative users,we propose an audit model based on each service content to improve the validity of services.In our model,each node is associated with money,and each service content is associated with reputation.The unconscious polluted contents are prevented via consumers' evaluation,and the intentional polluted contents and malicious providers are rejected via audit executors' evaluation.Simulation results show that the model improves the ratio of available service contents and reliable providers.
基金The authors are grateful for research supports from the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China （Grant No. llYJA790179） and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China （Grant No. ZR2010GM010）.
