A novel SVPWM strategy considering neutral-point potential balancing for three-level NPC inverter

This paper proposes a novel SVPWM （space vector pulse width modulation） strategy for the three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source inverter, based on the particular disposition of all the redundant voltage vectors. The new modulation approach shows superior performance for harmonic voltage and balancing control of neutral-point potential compared to the popular eight-stage centered SVPWM. It realizes suppression of inverter neutral-point potential variation by accurately modifying redundant factor of small vectors pairs, only requiring information of DC-link capacitor voltages and three-phase load currents. This is convenient to apply and is compatible of digital computer realization. Feasibility of the proposed control approach is verified by simulation and experimental results.

Low-complexity model predictive control of a four-level active neutral point clamped inverter without weighting factors

The four-level active neutral point clamped(ANPC)inverter has become increasingly widely used in the renewable energy indus-try since it offers one more voltage level without increasing the total number of active switches compared to the three-level ANPC inverter.The model predictive current control(MPCC)is a promising control method for multi-level inverters.However,the conven-tional MPCC suffers from high computational complexity and tedious weighting factor tuning in multi-level inverter applications.A low-complexity MPCC without weighting factors for a four-level ANPC inverter is proposed in this paper.The computational burden and voltage vector candidate set are reduced according to the relationship between voltage vector and neutral point voltage balance.The proposed MPCC shows excellent steady-state and dynamics performances while ensuring the neutral point voltage balancing.The efficacy of the proposed MPCC is verified by simulation and experimental results.

Improved VSVPWM Modulation Method for Three-level NPC Inverter in Rural Power Grid

With the acceleration of agricultural electrification,a lot of nonlinear and shock loads appear in the rural power grid,and the resulting harmonic and reactive currents pollute the rural power grid more and more seriously.To solve the above problem,three-level neutral point clamped(NPC)inverters have been widely used,but their development is greatly restricted by the defect of neutral point voltage imbalance.In this paper,an improved virtual space vector pulse width modulation(VSVPWM)was proposed.Firstly,the mathematical models of various space vectors were established,and the influence of various space vectors on neutral point voltage was analyzed.The sum of the vector current at the neutral point was zero and the voltage control at the neutral point was completed by.introducing the time offset into different switching times of the redundant small vector.This method was simple in design and avoided the redundant calculation of the traditional VSVPWM method and tedious switch sequence design.This balancing control strategy could greatly reduce the influence of virtual vectors on neutral point voltage and effectively control the low-frequency oscillation of neutral point voltage.The validity of the method was verified by establishing a matlab simulation model.

A Study of DTC-Power Electronic Cascade Fed by Photovoltaic Cell-Three-Level NPC Inverter

This paper proposes a high performance three-level inverter Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) structure for photovoltaic system. The proposed configuration which can boost the low voltage of photovoltaic (PV) array, can also convert the photovoltaic DC power into high quality AC power. Attention has been paid to the problem of neutral point potential variation. In this way, a Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique has been applied and the estimated value of the Neutral Point Potential (NPP) is used, which is calculated by motor currents. This control strategy uses the redundancy presented by the inverter for selecting appropriate switching state through a switching table to achieve the control of NPP. This study shows the effect of the stability problem of the DC voltages and good static and dynamic performances were obtained in simulation of the proposed cascade “photovoltaic cell-three-level NPC VSI-induction motor”.

Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Based Decoupled Control for Neutral Point Clamped Multi Level Inverter Fed Induction Motor Dri

The presence of an integrator in a reference model of a rotor flux-based model reference adaptive system(RF-MRAS)and non-linearity of the inverter in the output voltage degrade the speed response of the sensorless operation of the electric drive system in terms of DC drift,initial value issues,and inaccurate voltage acquisition.To improve the speed response,a compensating voltage component is supplemented by an amending integrator.The compensating voltage is a coalition of drift and offset voltages,and reduces DC drift and initial value issues.During low-speed operation,inaccurate voltage acquisition distorts the stator voltage critically,and it becomes considerable when the stator voltage of the machine is low.Implementing a three-level neutral point clamped inverter in speed-sensorless decoupled control of an induction motor improves the performance of the drive with superior quality of inverter output voltage.Further,the performance of the induction motor drive is improved by replacing the proportional-integral(PI)controller in the adaption mechanism of RF-MRAS with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)controller.A prototype model of the three-level neutral point clamped inverter(3L-NPC)-fed induction motor drive is fabricated in a laboratory,and its performance for a RF-MRAS,modified RFMRAS,and modified RFMRAS using ANFIS are compared using different benchmark tests.

电容电压平衡的四电平有源中性点钳位逆变器的改进模型预测电流控制

多电平有源中点钳位(ANPC)逆变器具有功率器件电压应力小、电流谐波低和器件损耗可调控等优点,被广泛应用于工业驱动中。针对四电平ANPC(4L-ANPC)逆变器的控制与调制研究相对较少,现有的调制方案实现复杂,中点电压(NPV)控制难度较大。因此,该文针对三相4L-ANPC逆变器,提出一种改进的有限集模型预测电流控制(FS-MPCC)算法,避免了复杂的调制过程。首先,使用仅包含电流误差的代价函数对位于六边形顶点的6个大电压矢量进行寻优;其次,对参与第一步寻优的大矢量划分扇区,使用包含电流误差和电容电压误差的代价函数对最优大矢量所在扇区的所有电压矢量滚动寻优,得到目标电压矢量并作用于逆变器;最后,仿真和实验结果表明,与传统的FS-MPCC相比,所提方法在降低系统计算负担的同时,还具有较好的控制性能和电容电压平衡能力。

基于SHEPWM的三电平三相逆变器中点电位主动平衡控制策略

在大功率系统中,常采用特定次谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)以降低系统的开关损耗。针对三电平中点钳位(NPC)型三相逆变器在SHEPWM下的中点电位偏移问题,分析SHEPWM下逆变器输出相电压基波与3次谐波在不同电压相位范围内对中点电位的影响,设计两种在基波周期内对中点电位总充放电效果相反的开关角组合方案,并提出一种通过测量中点电位偏移值及中点电位滞环控制,选择不同的开关角组合方案进行调制的中点电位主动平衡控制策略。实验结果验证了所提出方法的实用性及有效性。

基于自适应滑模观测器的中点钳位型三电平并网逆变器开关管和电流传感器故障诊断

为提高中点钳位型三电平(3L-NPC)并网逆变器故障诊断的准确性和可靠性,针对其开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障,提出一种基于自适应滑模观测器的开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障同时诊断方法。该方法首先针对3L-NPC并网逆变器,设计一种收敛速度快且能显著抑制抖振的自适应滑模观测器来精确估计正常状态下的三相电流值;其次,利用实际电流和估计电流设计了故障检测变量;同时,利用实际三相电流之和以及估计三相电流之和来区分开关管故障和电流传感器故障;在此基础上,构造开关管故障定位变量和电流传感器故障识别变量,实现开关管开路故障的准确定位以及电流传感器故障类型的快速识别。实验结果验证了该文所提诊断算法的有效性和鲁棒性。

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器(eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI)拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后,通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿;最后,设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。

基于快速MPC的三相LCL并网NPC逆变器

针对三相LCL并网逆三电平中点钳位(Neutral Point Clamped,NPC)逆变器中有限集模型预测控制(Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control,FCS-MPC)计算量大和控制速度慢导致NPC逆变器性能变差的问题,设计了一种快速模型预测控制方法。通过改变快速模型预测控制中参考电流电角度控制逆变器输出电流的相位,实现入网电流与电网同步;通过在冗余短矢量中选择合适的短矢量,实现直流侧中点电压平衡,减少计算量;通过缩小计算扇区,使快速模型预测控制仅在当前最优输出电压矢量附近进行寻优计算,进一步减少计算量。在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建了三相LCL并网NPC逆变器仿真模型,仿真结果验证了上述控制方法的快速性和可行性,运算速度提高了18.31%,入网电流总谐波失真(Total Harmonic Distortion,THD)值减少了2.38%。

Model predictive control of three-level active front-end converter with low switching frequency

In medium voltage-high power(MV-HP)applications,the high switching frequency of power converter will result in unnecessary energy losses,which directly affect efficiency.To resolve this issue,a novel finite control set-model predictive control(FCS-MPC)with low switching frequency for three-level neutral point clamped-active front-end converters(NPC-AFEs)is proposed.With this approach,the prediction model of three-level NPC-AFEs is established inα-βreference frame,and the control objective of low average switching frequency is introduced into a cost function.The proposed method not only achieves the desired control performance under low switching frequency,but also performs the efficient operation for the three-level NPC-AFEs.The simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed control scheme.

中点钳位型三电平逆变器基于调制波分解的调制策略

对于中点钳位型三电平逆变器(NPC TLI),一般通过单调制波与双载波相比较的方式产生脉冲序列,即基于载波的脉宽调制(CBPWM)。然而,该方法在高调制度低功率因数条件下中点电位(NPV)会出现三倍频波动。针对此问题,该文介绍一种简便的调制波分解方法,并以无条件实现NPV平衡的虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制(VSVPWM)为例说明该方法的可行性。在此基础上,提出一种可同时实现NPV平衡和开关损耗降低的调制策略。该调制策略具有四种模式,因此,将其命名为FM_VSVPWM。此外,对比了FM_VSVPWM与CBPWM、VSVPWM的调制性能。最后,通过实验验证了FM_VSVPWM的有效性和优越性。

基于混合ANPC逆变器的永磁电机解耦预测控制策略

永磁电机具有效率高、启动快、过载能力强及噪声小等优点,已被成功应用于大功率交流传动系统。为解决传统Si基变流器开关频率低造成电机转矩动态响应慢、转矩脉动大的问题,文中结合SiC器件耐高温和开关频率高的特点,将Si/SiC协同的三电平有源中点钳位型(active neutral-point-clamped,ANPC)逆变器混合拓扑引入到永磁电机驱动系统。首先研究Si/SiC混合ANPC逆变器拓扑的运行原理与换流模式,分析不同换流模式下的损耗分布规律及调制策略。结合模型预测控制技术的多目标和多约束特性,提出基于混合ANPC逆变器的永磁电机高解耦预测控制策略,以实现Si/SiC混合拓扑中Si器件的低频运行和SiC器件的高频运行。稳态和暂态实验结果证实了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。

基于调制波分解的中点钳位型三电平逆变器的混合调制策略

对于中点钳位型三电平逆变器,传统的载波脉宽调制在高调制度低功率因数下中点电压会发生三倍频波动,而虚拟空间矢量调制虽然能实现中点电压无条件平衡,却存在开关损耗高的问题。针对上述问题,基于调制波分解的多约束目标的协调,提出一种适用于中点钳位型三电平逆变器的混合调制策略。该调制策略采用双调制波单载波比较的方式实现,分析开关次数和中点电压无条件平衡的两类约束,为了在确保中点电压平衡的条件下降低开关损耗,提出上述两类约束的混合调制策略。在此基础上,探讨两种约束下的中点电压主动控制方法。另外,还对比了混合调制策略与其他调制策略的性能指标。混合调制策略可以在全调制度全功率因数下实现中点电压平衡,且相比虚拟空间矢量调制开关损耗有所降低,实验结果证明了其可行性和优越性。

基于矩形区域分类的NPC型H桥级联五电平逆变器简化模型预测电压控制

为进一步提高中点电压钳制(neutral point clamped,NPC)H桥级联五电平逆变器的动态响应、降低控制器计算负担的同时确保装置低损耗运行,文中在电压矢量矩形区域分类的基础上,提出一种以满足动态响应和降低开关损耗为目标的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略。首先根据逆变器数学模型和期望电流进行目标电压矢量计算、修正,接着基于矩形区域分类对目标电压矢量进行定位;并以定位后的候选矢量为基础,设计了两级优化目标函数以输出满足要求的最优矢量。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性,与空间矢量脉宽调制以及传统模型预测电流、电压控制策略相比,该文所研究的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略,在确保逆变器动态响应的前提下既能降低控制器计算负担,还能有效减少器件开关损耗。

基于自适应滑模观测器的中点钳位型三电平并网逆变器开路故障诊断

为提高中点钳位型(NPC)三电平并网逆变器故障诊断的准确性和鲁棒性,该文针对其开关管单管和双管故障,提出一种基于自适应滑模观测器的开路故障诊断方法。该方法首先建立逆变器在正常状态和开关管故障状态下的混合逻辑动态模型;其次设计收敛速度快且显著抑制抖振的自适应滑模观测器精确估计正常状态下的三相电流值;然后利用实际系统和观测器的输出电流提出基于电流形态因子的故障检测方法;最后根据电流残差来构造故障定位变量进行故障定位。在此基础上,通过建立前次故障状态的自适应滑模观测器实现双开关管开路故障诊断。该文提出的方法能够同时实现单管和双管开路故障诊断,诊断速度快、鲁棒性强,且避免增加额外传感器。实验结果验证了该文所提诊断方法的鲁棒性和有效性。

中点钳位型三电平逆变器并联系统的零序环流抑制策略

针对中点钳位型(NPC)三电平逆变器并联系统内普遍存在的零序环流问题,该文首先分析模块间环流的通路,建立零序环流的电路和数学模型。根据等效模型阐述零序环流各成分的产生机制,并对零序环流进行定量分析。定义零序环流的三类具体成分:通态零序环流、开关零序环流及混合零序环流。对于不同类别的零序环流,提出共享直流侧中线和改进型LCL滤波器的硬件措施及准比例积分谐振(PIR)控制器的软件措施去抑制对应环流成分的高频、低频分量;另外,针对改进型LCL滤波器中交流滤波电容中点和直流侧电容中点连接电缆上有较大高频电流的缺陷,提出载波移相控制下模块共用滤波电容的优化方案,在保证环流抑制效果的同时将奇数次开关频率的高频纹波转移到共用电容上,实现奇数纹波分量的自动抵消,使连接电缆上的电流减小近50%;最后,仿真与实验结果验证了所提环流抑制策略的可行性。

基于SHEPWM电压矢量寻优的中点电位平衡控制算法

随着中高压大功率逆变器的快速发展,降低开关损耗、提高系统效率越来越受到重视,而降低开关损耗最常见的方法就是降低开关频率。降低功率器件的开关频率会导致输出电能的谐波特性变差,应用特定谐波消除脉宽调制(specific harmonic elimination pulse width modulation,SHEPWM)在低开关频率下能够保证良好的谐波性能,但中点钳位型(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平逆变器在SHEPWM应用下存在固有的中点电位不平衡问题,需要进行中点电位主动平衡控制。为了保持SHEPWM良好的谐波特性和低开关频率特点,现有的开关角修正法和冗余小矢量法的中点电位控制能力较弱。针对两种传统中点电位控制算法的不足,提出了一种基于SHEPWM电压矢量寻优的中点电位平衡控制算法。通过建立中点电位代价函数,遍历电压矢量,同时实现了开关状态和作用时间的在线修正,加快了中点电位平衡速度。实验结果表明,在相同的冗余小矢量切换限制次数和开关角修正值下,电压矢量寻优法的中点电位平衡时间最短。所提出的算法兼顾了开关频率和平衡时间等因素,相较于两种传统平衡算法的单独应用具有更快的平衡速度。

基于深度强化学习的有源中点钳位逆变器效率优化设计

传统电力电子变换器设计多采用顺序设计法,依赖人工经验。近年来,电力电子自动化设计可通过计算机快速优化设计电力电子系统而备受关注。该文以有源中点钳位(ANPC)逆变器的效率优化设计为例,提出一种基于深度强化学习(DRL)的电力电子自动化设计方法,可实现在变换器设计需求变化时,根据设计目标快速得到最优的设计参数。首先介绍了基于DRL的逆变器效率优化整体框架;然后建立了逆变器的效率模型;接着通过深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)算法的自学习不断训练智能体,获得了最小化功率损耗的优化策略,该策略能够快速响应设计规格变化提供最大化效率的设计变量;最后,搭建了140 kW的实验样机,实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性,相比于遗传算法和强化学习(RL),实测效率分别提高了0.025%和0.025%。

Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of a Three-phase Three-level NPC Inverter Connected to the Grid

The interaction between grid-connected inverters and the grid may cause stability issues,and compromise the reliable operation of the inverters.This study investigates the stability of a three-level neutral point clamped(NPC)inverter connected to the grid using impedance-based methods.Because the impedance model of a three-phase three-level NPC inverter has not yet been reported,this study fills the literature gap by analyzing the influence of three-level DC-side neutral point control on the impedance characteristics.By fully considering the DC bus dynamics and DC voltage control loop,and the current loop and phase-locked loop(PLL),the admittance model of a three-phase three-level NPC inverter is established and verified by simulation.Additionally,in the stability analysis of a threelevel NPC inverter grid-connected system,the frequency coupling introduced by the PLL and DC bus dynamics is included with the help of an established admittance model.The stability of the grid-connected system under different grid short circuit ratios(SCR)and operating power levels is analyzed according to the Nyquist stability criterion.The experimental results revealed that the established impedance model of the three-phase three-level NPC inverter can properly represent the stability of this system.