Contribution of Bone Scintigraphy in the Metastatic Extension Assessment of Prostate Cancer: A Study of 288 Cases in the Nuclear Medicine Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital, Dakar

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Since the advent of screening methods such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) assay, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate biopsy, its incidence has increased significantly. The aim of our study was to analyse aspects of bone scintigraphy (BS) as part of the metastatic extension assessment of prostate cancer in Senegal. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study, running from January 1er 2022 to August 31 2023. Patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were included. Whole-body scans (WBS) were performed using a dual-head SPECT gamma camera (Mediso Nucline TM Spirit DH-V type), 3 hours after intravenous injection of 8 MBq/kg (555 to 740 MBq) of 99mTc-HMDP. Results: A total of 288 patients with a mean age of 68.37 ± 7.79 years were included. The median total PSA level was 97.6 ng/ml, with 144 patients having a level greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml. All patients had adenocarcinoma, and the Gleason score was available in 202 (70.13%) patients, 75.75% of whom had a score greater than or equal to 7. BS was contributory in 70.48% of cases, with 30.90% positive and 39.58% negative. The result was inconclusive in 85 patients (29.51%). The mean PSA for patients with a positive scan was 190.2 ng/ml and 40.6 ng/ml for those with a negative scan. Multiple metastatic lesions predominated (87.35% of cases). Metastatic lesions occurred preferentially in the axial skeleton, with a proportion of 68% versus 32% in the appendicular skeleton. Classification of bone metastases according to the SOLOWAY score revealed grade I (62.07%), grade II (35.63%) and grade IV (2.30%). Conclusion: In Senegal, prostate cancer is generally diagnosed in men of advanced age. The presence of bone metastases is frequent in its evolution, transforming a curable localized disease into a generalized disease with a compromised prognosis. Bone scintigraphy remains an essential part of the initial work-up and evaluation of response to treatment.

Contribution of Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of a Case of SAPHO in the Nuclear Medicine Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (Dakar, Senegal)

Introduction: The acronym SAPHO (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis) is a syndrome combining osteoarticular and cutaneous manifestations. It occurs mainly between the ages of 30 and 50. Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is one of the main distinguishing features. We report a case of SAPHO in Dakar diagnosed by bone scintigraphy. Observation: 28-year-old Senegalese women presented with left shoulder pain and relative functional impotence for over 2 years. Examination revealed right sternoclavicular hyperostosis and left shoulder pain on palpation. Questioning revealed a history of acne and hyperostosis of the right first toe. Bone scintigraphy, performed after injection of 630 MBq of 99mTc-HMDP, revealed: hyperfixation of the bilateral (right++) manubrio-sternal and sternoclavicular junction, producing the classic bull’s horn image;hyperfixation of the left shoulder with an inflammatory appearance;hyperfixation of the sacroiliac joints suggestive of bilateral sacroiliitis;hyperfixation of the right first toe;two mandibular hyper fixations probably related to dental damage. This scintigraphic appearance in one was strongly suggestive of SAPHO syndrome. Conclusion: SAPHO syndrome, related to spondyloarthropathy, associates cutaneous and osteoarticular signs. It is characterized by frequent delays in diagnosis due to poor recognition. Soy is an invaluable diagnostic tool, enabling us to assess the extent of the disease and its evolution.

Place of Bone Scintigraphy in the Assessment of Extension and Follow-Up of Breast Cancer in Senegal: Study of 165 Cases in the Nuclear Medicine Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (Dakar)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, accounting for an estimated 22% of all female cancers. It is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women, almost all of which is due to metastases, with 73% of metastases occurring in the bone. In oncology, metastable technetium 99-labelled methylene bisphosphonate bone scintigraphy (BS) remains the standard examination for detecting and assessing the extent of bone metastases. The aim of this study was to assess the role of BS in the evaluation and follow-up of breast cancer in Senegal. Methodology: This was a retrospective study of breast cancer patients who underwent bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-HMDP in the nuclear medicine department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (IPGHO), from July 2009 to June 2022. Results: We enrolled 165 patients, mean age 46.79 years (27 - 87 years). BS was performed in 94.37% of cases for post-therapeutic monitoring and in 5.63% for pre-therapeutic assessment. Results were contributory in 131 patients (92.25%), of whom 72 cases (50.70%) were normal and 59 cases (41.55%) positive or presenting bone metastases;and non-contributory or doubtful in 11 cases (7.75%). Secondary bone locations were multiple in 57 cases (96.61%) and single or solitary in 2 cases (3.39%). The scintigraphic appearance of bone metastases was hyper-fixative in 58 cases (98.31%) and mixed in 1 case (1.69%). Bone lesions were quantified using the Soloway’s grading classification. Conclusion: BS with 99mTc-labelled bisphosphonates remains the examination of choice for skeletal exploration, in the detection and extension of bone metastases in breast cancer. Performance has been enhanced by the development of SPECT coupled with CT (SPECT-CT).

Correlation of PSA Level and ISUP Grade Group with Scintigraphic Bone Metastases Detection in 36 Prostate Cancer Patients

Background: We need population-specific clinical features that can predict bone metastases as an affordable therapeutic decision-making tool in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients as scintigraphy or positron emission tomography are not available and as no such study had ever been performed in our country. Objective: To determine biologic and pathologic criteria that can predict the scintigraphic detection of bone metastases in our prostate cancer patients. Patients and Method: We analyzed with student’s t test and logistic regression the PSA level, the ISUP grade and the scintigraphic data retrospectively collected in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. Results: In ten years, 36 prostate cancer patients were sent to the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra (Ghana) for bone scintigraphy (mean age = 63.9 years;55.6%, 19.4% and 25.0% ISUP grade ≤ 2, 3 or ≥4). Among 28 patients who had performed the bone scintigraphy, 6 (21.4%) presented bone metastases, 22 (78.6%) had no bone metastasis. The mean PSA level was 36.7ng/mL in the non-metastatic patients and 97.7 ng/mL in the metastatic patients. The difference in PSA level between the 2 groups was significative (p = 0.041). 63.6% of the non-metastatic cancers versus 16.7% of the metastatic cancers were ISUP grade 2 or less. Inversely, 36.4% of the non-metastatic cancers versus 83.3% of the metastatic cancers were ISUP grade 3 or more. The difference was significative in the ISUP grade 2 or less (p = 0.035), was significative in the ISUP grade group 3 or more (p = 0.035). Metastasis was more likely in prostate cancer patients with PSA equal 30 ng/mL or more and ISUP grade 3 or more (83.3%) than in prostate cancer patients with PSA less than 30 ng/mL and ISUP grade less than 3 (16.7%) [OR = 13.7;CI 95% (1.59;31.0);p = 0.035]. Conclusion: The scintigraphic detection of bone metastases is low in patients with PSA < 30 ng/mL and ISUP grade < 3. This can be helpful in curative therapy decision making for prostate cancer when nuclear medicine or other metastases detection tools are lacking.

The value of bone scintigraphy on the determination of the full extent of tumor involvement in jaw bones

Objective： To prospectively investigate the value of bone scintigraphy on determining the full extent of tumor involvement in jaw bones and to assess the presence of metastases. Methods： This study had local ethical committee approval, and all patients gave written informed consent. Thirty seven consecutive patients with primary malignant tumor in jaw bones were recruited for the study. Bone scintigraphy was performed in all patients before surgery to measure the full extent of bony involvement, which was compared with histologic findings. Results： Whole body scan revealed one case with multiple bony metastases. Resection specimens of 36 bone neoplasms were pathologically analyzed to identify type and size of each tumor. The lengths of the tumor involvement in jaw bones defined by bone scintigraphy and pathology were 5.62 ± 1.58 cm, 4.48 ± 1.57 cm, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. The tumor negative margins from removed specimens according to bone scintigraphy were pathologically confirmed. With histologic findings as the standard of reference, the accuracy of bone scintigraphy was 100% （36 of 36 patients） in determining the full extent of tumor involvement in jaw bones. Conclusion： Bone scintigraphy tends to offer specific guidelines in determining the appropriate extent of bone resection while entirely clearing the tumor cells and preserving functions whenever possible and in establishing the bony metastases.

Contribution of Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of a Calcaneus Fatigue Fracture in a Case at the Nuclear Medicine Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (HOGIP) in Dakar

Introduction: Fatigue fractures are secondary to excessive, unusual, repeated mechanical stress, occurring on healthy bone. Bone scintigraphy (BS) with 99mTc-HMDP is an excellent means of diagnosis. We report a case of stress fracture of the calcaneus with scintigraphic diagnosis, in a marathon runner. Patient and Methods: He is a 40-year-old athlete in overtraining with right calcaneal pain on running, intense at first, moderate in the middle and then persistent after exercise. The interrogation found no trauma to the right foot and the x-ray of the foot was without abnormality. The so 3 phases were performed following an injection of 564 MBq of 99mTc-HMDP, with a SPECT gamma camera. Results: Bone scintigraphy found in the early phase, hyper-perfusion and hyper-fixation of the right calcaneal region compared to its left counterpart and in the bone phase persistence of focal hyperfixation opposite the right calcaneus. This scintigraphic aspect of the right calcaneus in an overtrained marathon runner, in a painful context and in front of a normal X-ray, made us evoke a fracture of fatigue. A complementary CT scan performed two days after the BS was without abnormality. Conclusion: Fatigue fractures are micro-fractures generally not noticed on radiography and CT. BS due to its high sensitivity is an excellent or the best tool for the early diagnosis of stress fractures.

The diagnostic correlations of bone scintigraphy,pathological grade and PSA for metastatic prostate cancers

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the correlations between pathological grade, serum prostatespecific antigen （PSA） and bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of metastasis diseases for prostate cancers, and to explore the characteristics of bone metastases for prostate cancer. Methods： Seventy-seven newly diagnosed prostate cancers were reviewed in the study. All the cases underwent bone scintigraphy, total serum PSA measurement by luminescent immunoassay before operation and were classified according to post-operative pathology diagnosis. We analyzed the correlations of the bone metastasis incidences and different pathological grades or different PSA levels. Results： Bone scans were indicative of metastases in 33 cases （42.86%）. Significantly higher incidence of bone metastasis was observed in patients with poorly differentiated prostate cancer compared with patients with well （X2 = 10.880, P = 0.001 〈 0.05） and moderately （X2 = 6.166, P = 0.013 〈 0.05） differentiated prostate cancers. No significant difference between the well differentiated and moderately differentiated prostate cancers was found （X2 = 0.612, P = 0.434 〉 0.05）. The serum PSA concentration had＇significant correlation with the incidence of bone metastasis. In 26 patients with PSA 〈 20 ng/mL, 5 cases （19.23%） had bone metastasis while 28 of 51 cases （54.90%） with PSA〉 20 ng/mL had bone metastasis. The serum PSA concentration had positive correlation with pathological grades of prostate cancer （r = 0.535, P = 0.01）. Conclusion： Bone scintigraphy plays a great role in the diagnosis of bone metastasis for prostate cancer patients currently. The poorly differentiated prostate cancer and PSA 〉 20 ng/mL most likely suggested the possibility of bone metastasis.

Correlation Study between Skeletal Scintigraphy and CT Scan in Diagnosing Bone Metastases

A retrospective study for 98 patient suspected to bone scan at department of radiology take place, to find out which imaging modality is more sensitive between computed tomography (CT) and bone scan;age group of patient was from 1 year to 90 year, the highest Site of Metastases for both Bone scan & CT was at vertebra with 31%, and the positive finding was also 31% for bone scan, while for CT the highest Site of Metastases was at forearm with 34%, and the sensitivity for CT was 44%, and 56% for bone scan. The study recommends that patients with bone metastases are kindly recommended to bone scan investigation rather than CT scan.

Occult Fractures in the Carpal Region:Incidental Findings on Bone Scintigraphy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and distribution of fractures around the wrist found on bone scintigraphy in patients with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and negative initial radiographs. We retrospectively included 445 consecutive patients with a suspected scaphoid fracture who underwent routine bone scintigraphy. None of the radiographs showed evidence of a fracture. We analyzed the type and number of other fractures incidentally found on bone scintigraphy. On average, bone scintigraphy was done in 4 days (1 - 9). The outcome of bone scintigraphy: 80 (18.0%) a scaphoid fracture, 145 (32.6%) another fracture in the carpal region, 208 (46.7%) normal and the diagnosis of 12 (2.8%) was unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that in patients with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and negative initial radiographs, bone scintigraphy detected in many cases (64.4%) other fractures in the carpal region. This suggests that radiographs not only miss scaphoid but also many other carpal and distal radius fractures. Solutions should be found to solve this problem and probably advanced imaging techniques like CT, MRI or bone scintigraphy should be used in the correct clinical scenario.

Contribution of Scintigraphy in the Assessment of Extension of Osteophilic Cancers in Senegal from 2018 to 2021

The aim of this study was to highlight the contribution of bone scintigraphy in the assessment of extension of osteophilic cancers in Senegal. This was a retrospective study, with a descriptive and analytical purpose, carried out over a period of four (04) years between January 01, 2018 and December 31, 2021. It focused on the files of patients who underwent bone scintigraphy for extension assessment of an osteophilic cancer during the study period. According to the study, prostate cancer was by far the most representative primary cancer (86.9%). Scintigraphy contributed in 75% of cases (362 cases) with 35% positive scintigraphy and 40% negative scintigraphy. The result was doubtful in 25% of cases (120 cases). The metastatic lesions were located preferentially at the level of the axial skeleton and only one case was of an exclusive appendicular site. More than half of patients with metastases (70%) had a poor prognosis with the SOLOWAY score greater than or equal to II. With the improvement of the nuclear imaging technical platform in Senegal (performance of SPECT/CT examinations), doubtful cases in our sample could be better explored with the advantage of adequate patient care.

SAPHO综合征的全身骨显像及SPECT/CT影像分析

目的分析滑膜炎-痤疮-脓疱病-骨肥厚-骨炎(SAPHO)综合征全身骨显像和SPECT/CT的影像特点,探讨两种检查方法在SAPHO综合征中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月~2022年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京中医医院的41例SAPHO综合征患者的临床、全身骨显像及SPECT/CT断层显像资料。结果41例患者中,56%合并有皮肤损害,血红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白、C3补体、C4补体升高的比例分别为63%、59%、17%、6%,14%的患者HLA-B27呈阳性。全身骨显像发现6例前胸壁受累、1例胸椎受累、1例胸腰椎及双侧骶髂关节受累,其余33例为多部位受累,依次为前胸壁(95%)、脊柱(58%)、骶髂关节(46%)、四肢关节(22%)、肋骨(12%)、耻骨(7%)、坐骨(5%)、股骨和颅骨(各2%)。19例行胸部和腰骶部SPECT/CT断层显像,前胸壁病灶主要位于胸锁关节和第一胸肋关节,“牛头征”是本病的特征性表现;脊柱病变多分布在胸腰椎,椎体前角骨质硬化较具特异性;骶髂关节多为双侧、髂骨面受累,多表现为骨质增生硬化。结论全身骨显像能够全面评估全身骨关节受累情况,SPECT/CT同时结合了骨断层显像的代谢信息及CT的解剖信息,二者联合在SAPHO综合征的早期诊断、精准定位和评估病情等方面具有重要价值。

^(99)mTc-MDP全身骨扫描平面+SPECT/CT在儿童McCune-Albright综合征诊断中的价值研究

目的探讨^(99)mTc标记的亚甲基二膦酸盐(^(99)mTc-MDP)全身骨扫描+单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)/CT在儿童McCune-Albright综合征(MAS)诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性选择2019年1月至2023年9月在外院疑诊MAS,后在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院核医学科行骨扫描平面及SPECT/CT断层显像的患儿。所有患儿均行^(99)mTc-MDP全身骨扫描+SPECT/CT,记录平面和断层显像病灶数,并随访记录临床诊断结果及相关临床资料。结果经骨扫描检查及进一步临床评估,7例患儿确诊MAS,9例排除MAS诊断。确诊MAS的7例患儿中,6例全身骨扫描+SPECT/CT显示显像剂浓聚灶,分布于颅骨、肋骨、髋骨、尺骨、股骨、胫骨及腓骨,3例较X线平片显示更多病灶;全身骨扫描联合SPECT/CT局部断层显像可较平面显像显示更多病灶,并且排除体外污染、先天变异及体位因素的影响。9例排除MAS诊断的患儿全身骨扫描+SPECT/CT断层扫描结果均为阴性。结论^(99)mTc-MDP全身骨扫描+SPECT/CT能够为诊断及排除MAS综合征提供重要依据,平面扫描图像存在可疑显像剂浓聚灶时,应进一步联合断层扫描。

全身骨显像中肾脏显影异常的病因浅析

目的探讨全身骨显像中肾脏显影异常的发生情况并初步分析病因。方法回顾性分析2021年11月至2022年7月在我院行骨显像的患者1674例,对肾区不同类型的显影异常结合患者其他相关影像检查及临床资料进行定性评估。结果共发现肾脏显影异常147例(8.78%),其中肾实质显影明显54例(3.23%),肾脏集合系统(肾盏肾盂或输尿管)异常显影61例(3.64%),单肾不显影14例(0.84%),双肾不显影23例(1.37%),肾脏位置异常8例(0.48%)等异常,并对不同类型显影异常的可能病因进行了分析。结论骨显像中肾脏显影出现异常,可提示肾脏结构异常、尿路排泄障碍以及肾脏功能异常等情况,可引导临床按需要行进一步检查,以明确疾病的原因,对临床诊治具有一定的指导意义。

FEASIBILITY OF WHOLE BODY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING IN DETECTING BONE METASTASIS ON 3.0T MR SCANNER

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of whole body diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in bone metastasis detection using bone scintigraphy as comparison. Methods Forty-five patients with malignancy history were enrolled in our study. All the patients received the whole body DWI and bone scintigraphy scan within 1 week. The magnetic resonance (MR) examination was performed on 3.0T MR scanner using embedded body coil. The images were reviewed separately by two radiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians, who were blinded to the results of the other imaging modality. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the two techniques for detecting bone metastasis were analyzed. Results A total of 181 metastatic lesions in 77 regions of 34 patients were detected by whole body DWI, and 167 metastatic lesions in 76 regions of 31 patients were identified by bone scintigraphy. The patient-based sensitivity and PPV of whole body DWI and bone scintigraphy were similar (89.5% vs. 81.6%, 97.1% vs. 91.2%), whereas, the patient-based specificity and NPV of whole body DWI were obviously higher than those of bone scintigraphy (85.7% vs. 57.1%, 60.0% vs. 36.4%). Ten regions negative in scintigraphy but positive in whole body DWI, mainly located in spine, pelvis, and femur; nine regions only detected by scintigraphy, mainly located in skull, sternum, clavicle, and scapula. The region-based sensitivity and specificity of whole body DWI were slightly higher than those of bone scintigraphy (89.5% vs. 88.4%, 95.6% vs. 87.6%). Conclusion Whole body DWI reveals excellent concordance with bone scintigraphy regarding detection of bone metastasis, and the two techniques are complementary for each other.

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF BONE METASTASES IN BREAST CARCINOMA

Objective： To investigate the risk factors of bone metastases in breast carcinoma. Methods： By cross sectional study, the data of 225 breast cancer patients who were inpatients in four hospitals in Hangzhou were analyzed. All patients underwent total body bone scan with single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） at least once during 1995 to 2000. Results： All patients were followed-up to 294 months after operation, bone metastases were found in 113 cases, suspected bone metastases 3 cases, with a bone metastases rate of 50.9% （113/222）. Multivariate analysis by Cox＇s proportional hazards regression model showed that there were four risk factors of bone metastases in breast cancer： （1） clinical stage, Ⅰ～Ⅳ stages with a hazard ratio of bone metastases of 1.945, 95% confidence interval 1.396～2.710; （2） number of invaded axillary lymph nodes, with a hazard ratio of 1.039, 95% confidence interval 1.0142～1.068; （3） skeletal complications （yes vs. no）, with a hazard ratio of bone metastases of 1.722, 95% confidence interval 1.060～2.796; （4） age at the time of surgery or diagnosis, with a hazard ratio of 2.048, 95% confidence interval 1.123～3.876 for patients of age 40～50 y versus patients bellow 40 y of age and 2.837, 95% confidence interval 1.473～5.465 for patients of age above 50 y versus patients of ages between 40 and 50. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that for patients with more than 5 invasive axillary lymph nodes, compared with those with 1～5, the bone metastasis rates increased significantly （x^2 =6.3319, P=0.012）. Conclusion： The clinical stage, number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes, age at the time of operation and skeletal complications are essential risk factors of bone metastases.

Bone Scan Index Is a Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastasis Being Treated with Zoledronic Acid

Bone scan index (BSI) has been used to quantify the spread of bone metastasis and be a prognostic indicator in prostate cancer with bone metastases. However, the utility of BSI in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis has not been yet established. We retrospectively reviewed 57 female breast cancer patients with osteoblastic/lytic combined type bone metastases and treated with zoledronic acid after bone metastasis was identified. Serial bone scintigrams were taken at the time of bone metastasis detection and during the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The scintigrams were analyzed by BONE NAVITM version 1 and the BSI value was calculated. Additionally, serum cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured. The patients were divided in 2 distinct groups—group A representing all follow-up BSI values ≤ initial BSI values and group B representing all follow-up BSI values ≥ initial BSI values. The interval changes of CA15-3 and CEA were divided in the same fashion. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test revealed that the overall survival rate was significantly greater in group A than those of group B after 6 months (p = 0.011) and 12 months (p = 0.016). Univariate analysis revealed that the overall survival rate was significantly greater in group A than those of group B, after a 6 month period (Hazard Ratio [HR] 5.841;95% confidence interval [CI] 1.248 - 27.34;p = 0.025) and 12 month period (HR: 4.22;95% CI 1.17615.15;p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that BSI changes after 6 and 12 months trended toward significance regarding parameters affecting survival rate (age and CA15-3) with a HR = 12.760 (95%CI 1.8110 - 89.850) at 6 months with a p = 0.010 and a HR = 5.0640 (95%CI 1.0590 - 24.220) at 12 months with a p = 0.042. BSI changes after 6 and 12 months appear to be a prognostic factor in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis treated with zoledronic acid.

Contribution of ^99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis in Black Africans

Cardiac amyloidosis presents a picture of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. It is largely underdiagnosed, especially in black Africans, and therefore falls under the category of heart disease classified as idiopathic. Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is mainly found in Caucasian subjects and the mutant variant of transthyretin (TTRm) in negroid subjects. Numerous studies have shown that ATTRm was found predominantly in black American and black British patients. In African countries the entity of idiopathic heart failure is quite important because of lack of diagnosis, ETT, MRI and immuno-histochemistry are expensive or not available. We can probably assume that the proportion of cardiac amyloidosis is quite important in black Africans. The question is if 99mTc-DPD really easy to perform, can probably help to investigate in the nuclear medicine department in Africa. No large-scale study has been able to demonstrate the prevalence or not of cardiac amyloidosis in black-African subjects and by extension reduce this nosological entity of idiopathic heart disease. The 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy using Perrugini’s visual sore allows localization and classification of amyloid damage. The mechanism of binding of 99mTc-DPD to amyloid fibril deposits is not well known, its binding to TTR-type (mutated or wild type) amyloidosis is greater than the AL variant. In the diagnostic algorithm, endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard but remains invasive, ETT with the strain allows a presumptive diagnosis and remains an operative examination dependent and is not reproducible. Cardiac MRI allows some localization of amyloid deposits but still remains less sensitive than scintigraphy. In addition, performing the whole-body MRI is very restrictive (time, antenna change and cost). The aim of this literature review was to show the superiority of 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy compared to other diagnostic modalities and to consider its use given its simplicity when it comes to usage in Sub-Saharan Africa to diagnose the disease. cardiac amyloidosis and by extension reduce the number of cases of heart disease classified as idiopathic and thus allow early and appropriate management.

Erdheim-Chester病的^(99m)Tc-MDP全身骨显像特点

目的对Erdheim-Chester病(Erdheim-Chester disease,ECD)的^(99m)Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐(methylene diphosphonate,MDP)全身骨显像特点进行总结,以期为临床诊疗提供参考。方法本研究为描述性分析,研究对象为2015年1月—2022年12月北京协和医院^(99m)Tc-MDP全身骨显像示骨受累的ECD患者,总结病变累及部位、病变特征并分析骨骼病变评分与常见骨代谢分子标志物的相关性。结果共入选44例出现骨受累的ECD患者。^(99m)Tc-MDP全身骨显像示,全身骨骼均可受累,其中四肢骨(100%,44/44)、颅骨与颌面骨(84.1%,37/44)、肢带骨(65.9%,29/44)受累最为常见,肋骨与胸骨(38.6%,17/44)、脊柱(29.5%,13/44)受累相对少见。除累及部位具有特征性外,病灶呈双侧对称性分布是ECD患者^(99m)Tc-MDP全身骨显像的另一重要特征。其中以四肢骨、颌面骨、锁骨病变呈双侧对称性分布的患者比例较高,尤其下肢骨受累,病变均为双侧对称(100%)。四肢骨病变中,多为骨干和干骺端共同受累,81.8%(36/44)的患者下肢骨病变形成了以膝关节为中心的对称性干骺端和骨干高摄取表现;颌面骨病变主要表现为副鼻窦区域局灶性摄取增高,伴或不伴下颌骨弥漫性摄取增高,并可出现“林肯征”(61.1%,22/36)。Spearman相关性分析显示,骨骼病变评分与血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺激素等骨代谢分子标志物均无线性相关(P均>0.05)。结论ECD可出现全身多处骨骼受累,其中以四肢骨尤其下肢骨受累最为常见,并常伴颅骨和颌面骨病变;膝关节周围干骺端和骨干对称性摄取增高是^(99m)Tc-MDP骨显像最常见的特征,对ECD的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要参考价值。

三时骨显像联合SPECT/CT断层融合对慢性骨髓炎的诊断价值

目的探讨^(99)Tc^(m)-MDP三时骨显像(TPBS)联合SPECT/CT对慢性骨髓炎的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析遂宁市中心医院2021年1月至2023年1月收治的69例疑似慢性骨髓炎患者临床资料,根据临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查、病理检查结果及后期随访等进行综合诊断,将患者分为感染组(骨髓炎组)和对照组(非骨髓炎组),对比分析三时骨显像联合SPECT/CT对慢性骨髓炎诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确性。结果^(99)Tc^(m)-MDP三时骨显像联合SPECT/CT诊断慢性骨髓炎的敏感度为90.7%(39/43),特异度为88.5%(23/26),准确性为89.9%(62/69),阳性预测值为92.9%(39/42);阴性预测值为85.2%(23/27)。结论^(99)Tc^(m)-MDP三时骨显像联合SPECT/CT在慢性骨髓炎的影像学诊断中有较高的敏感度、特异度及准确性,对临床诊断慢性骨髓炎有较高的应用价值。

基于ACGAN和迁移学习的骨显像分类方法

由于骨显像存在样本数量有限、类别不平衡的问题,导致骨显像分类存在较大困难。为提升骨显像的分类准确率,本文提出了一种基于结合辅助分类器的生成对抗网络(ACGAN)数据生成和迁移学习的骨显像分类方法。首先,为解决骨显像类别不平衡的问题,设计了一种MU-ACGAN模型。该模型以U-Net为生成器框架,同时结合密集残差连接和通道-空间注意力机制结构来提升骨显像细节特征生成,判别器通过密集残差注意力卷积块提取骨显像特征进行判别;然后,结合传统数据增强方式进一步扩充数据量;最后,设计了一种多尺度卷积神经网络提取骨显像不同尺度的特征,提升分类效果。在模型训练过程中,采用两阶段迁移学习方式,优化模型的初始化参数、解决过拟合的问题。实验结果表明,本文提出方法分类准确率达到了85.71%,有效缓解了小样本骨显像数据集分类准确率不高的问题。