Dual-channel fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with cascaded coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure

To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure is proposed in this paper. The fiber sidepolishing technique converts the coaxial dual-waveguide fiber into a D-type one, and the evanescent wave in the ring core leaks, generating a D-type sensing region;the fiber optic fused ball push technology converts the coaxial dual waveguides into microspheres, and the stimulated cladding mode evanescent wave leaks, producing the microsphere sensing region. By injecting light into the coaxial dual-waveguide middle core alone, the sensor can realize single-stage sensing in the microsphere sensing area;it can also realize dual-channel sensing in the D-type sensing area and microsphere sensing area by injecting light into the ring core. The refractive index measurement ranges for the two channels are 1.333–1.365 and 1.375–1.405, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 981.56 nm/RIU and 4138 nm/RIU. The sensor combines wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, presenting a novel research concept for multi-channel fiber SPR sensors.

Influences of Medium Structure of Three-Phase Seabed Deposit on Sound Velocity

Based on the former research, the mechanism of the influence of the medium structure on the sound velocity of the three-phase seabed deposit is discussed by theoretical method. Through analysis of several structure models of three-phase seabed deposit, an equation of sound velocity is presented, which can describe the effect of structure of three-phase deposit on its acoustic velocity. Seen form the derived equation, the equations of the sound velocity of the deposits with different medium structures are different, the influence of the medium structure on the sound velocity is apparent. The equation in the paper provides the theoretical basis to understand the mechanics properties through sound velocity test, and it can be easily adopted in engineering. The influences of the parameters of deposits, void ratio, gas concentration and modulus on sound velocity through the deposit are investigated by numerical analysis of the acoustic velocity. Numerical result shows that the sound velocity of three-phase medium is affected by void ratio, gas concentration and body modulus, and the sound velocity generally increases with the gas concentration increasing. The results of the paper can be helpful to the acoustic method.

Comparative research on three types of coaxial slow wave structures

This paper studies three types of coaxial slow wave structures （SWSs）： （1） with ripples on both the inner and outer conductors; （2） with ripples on the outer conductor and smooth on the inner one; and （3） with ripples on the inner conductor and smooth on the outer one. The frequencies, coupling impedances, time growth rates and beam-wave interaction efficiencies of the three types of coaxial SWSs are obtained by theoretical analysis. Moreover, the relativistic Ccrenkov generators （RCGs） with the three types of coaxial SWSs are simulated with a fully electromagnetic particle- in-cell code, and the results verify the theoretical analysis. It is proved that the RCG with double-rippled coaxial SWS has the highest conversion efficiency and the shortest starting time.

Electrical characteristics of new three-phase traction power supply system for rail transit

A novel three-phase traction power supply system is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by electric phase separation in catenary and accomplish a unifying manner of traction power supply for rail transit.With the application of two-stage three-phase continuous power supply structure,the electrical characteristics exhibit new features differing from the existing traction system.In this work,the principle for voltage levels determining two-stage network is dissected in accordance with the requirements of traction network and electric locomotive.The equivalent model of three-phase traction system is built for deducing the formula of current distribution and voltage losses.Based on the chain network model of the traction network,a simulation model is established to analyze the electrical characteristics such as traction current distribution,voltage losses,system equivalent impedance,voltage distribution,voltage unbalance and regenerative energy utilization.In a few words,quite a lot traction current of about 99%is undertaken by long-section cable network.The proportion of system voltage losses is small attributed to the two-stage three-phase power supply structure,and the voltage unbal-ance caused by impedance asymmetry of traction network is less than 1‰.In addition,the utilization rate of regenerative energy for locomotive achieves a significant promotion of over 97%.

毫米波多内导体布喇格结构电磁特性研究

基于多模耦合理论,利用三维电磁仿真软件CST对毫米波双内导体和三内导体布喇格结构电磁特性分别进行了比较研究。结果表明:双内导体布喇格结构相比同轴布喇格结构可以抑制竞争模式,反射率稳定并接近1,对称性结构电磁特性优于非对称性结构;随着内导体距离同轴轴心距离的增大,双内导体布喇格结构频率响应带宽变宽,且当内导体距离同轴轴心距离较远时,带宽变宽趋势明显,而反射率值趋于稳定;对于三内导体布喇格结构,随着内导体距离同轴轴心距离的增大,频率响应带宽变窄,且当内导体距离同轴轴心距离较近时,带宽变宽趋势明显。因此,可根据实际需要恰当选择毫米波多内导体布喇格结构参数,拓宽其作为反射器或者滤波器的性能,提高模式的选择性及模式的纯度,改善布喇格结构的性能。

液态金属堆内小长径比同轴双层薄壁结构的流固耦合试验研究

池式液态金属堆的主容器与热屏之间具有狭窄的流体间隙,该结构属于含窄缝间隙的小长径比同轴双层柔性壳体。窄缝间隙中流体与结构之间相互作用产生的流固耦合效应在抗震分析时必须加以考虑。现有研究主要针对长径比较大和流体间隙相对较大的圆柱壳体,对于小长径比和极小流体间隙的同轴柔性壳体研究较为缺乏。本文参考液态金属反应堆的结构设计了三种不同尺寸的窄缝间隙,开展窄缝间隙条件小长径比同轴双层壳体模型的振动试验,测量结构在不同间隙尺寸下的加速度,得到模态频率和主要振型。然后,使用有限元法进行模态分析,通过与试验结果的对比,验证了有限元法的准确性。最后,计算出不同间隙尺寸下模型的附加质量;且随着间隙尺寸的减小,模型附加质量随之增大。本研究可为类似的含窄缝小长径比同轴双层柔性壳体结构的抗震设计提供数据支持,对于液态金属堆的抗震分析具有重要意义。

载木犀草素纳米纤维膜的制备与性能

采用2种pH敏感材料(Eudragit S100和Eudragit RS100),通过同轴静电纺丝技术制备了壳/核结构载木犀草素纳米纤维膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了壳/核结构载木犀草素纳米纤维膜的表面形貌、化学结构和药物释放性能。结果表明:壳/核结构载木犀草素纳米纤维膜表面整体较光滑,纳米纤维平均直径随木犀草素含量增加而增大。该纳米纤维膜具有良好的结肠靶向性和生物相容性。

Continuous Fabrication of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene-Based Braided Coaxial Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Improved Performance

Zinc-ion hybrid fiber supercapacitors(FSCs)are promising energy storages for wearable electronics owing to their high energy density,good flexibility,and weavability.However,it is still a critical challenge to optimize the structure of the designed FSC to improve energy density and realize the continuous fabrication of super-long FSCs.Herein,we propose a braided coaxial zinc-ion hybrid FSC with several meters of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene cathode as core electrodes,and shell zinc fiber anode was braided on the surface of the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene fibers across the solid electrolytes.According to the simulated results using ANSYS Maxwell software,the braided structures revealed a higher capacitance compared to the spring-like structures.The resulting FSCs exhibited a high areal capacitance of 214 mF cm^(-2),the energy density of 42.8μWh cm^(-2)at 5 mV s^(-1),and excellent cycling stability with 83.58%capacity retention after 5000 cycles.The coaxial FSC was tied several kinds of knots,proving a shape-controllable fiber energy storage.Furthermore,the knitted FSC showed superior stability and weavability,which can be woven into watch belts or embedded into textiles to power smart watches and LED arrays for a few days.

Design and manufacture of a 100 kA coaxial pulsed power cable for plasma generator and PPS in ETC guns

Based on our previous pulsed current and internal overvoltage test data and the experience of common commercial high power cables,a 100 kA coaxial pulsed power cable is designed and manufactured to adapt the coaxial electric energy breech transmission between the plasma generator and the pulsed power supply(PPS) in electrothermal-chemical(ETC) guns.The index parameters are analyzed and determined.Semi-conductor layers and a shield stiffener are introduced to prevent the deformation and burst of the pulsed power cable structurally.The semi-conductor layer can eliminate the air gap and balance the electric field in the cable.The shield stiffener can multiply the mechanical strength to restrain the strong electrodynamic force produced by the core dislocation of the outer conductor.The multi-coupling of electromagnetic field,stress field and thermal field analysis are established to assist in aided design of electrical strength,mechanical strength and temperature rise characteristics.Both a DC voltage withstand test and pulsed discharge tests are introduced to verify and inspect the performance and dynamic response of the pulsed power cable.The 25 kV/5 min DC voltage withstand test result shows that the sample leakage current is nearly 3 μA and no abnormal phenomena of the pulsed power cable sample occurred.The pulsed discharge tests show that the sample can sustain the 100 kA peak current.Furthermore,this 100 kA coaxial pulsed power cable can satisfy the ETC test requirements.

Atomic Modulation of 3D Conductive Frameworks Boost Performance of MnO2 for Coaxial Fiber‑Shaped Supercapacitors

Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used.Here,Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets.Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport.The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport.A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window.This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte.Based on these advantages,the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm^−2 and energy density of 133.47μWh cm^−2.In addition,its capacitance retention reaches 76.57%after bending 10,000 times,which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.

Analysis of the Agglomeration of Powder in a Coaxial Powder Feeding Nozzle Used for Laser Energy Deposition

To improve the agglomeration of powder in a coaxial powder feeding nozzle used in the frame of a laser energy deposition technique,the influence of several parameters must be carefully assessed.In the present study the problem is addressed by means of numerical simulations based on a DEM-CFD(Discrete Element Method and Discrete Element Method)coupled model.The influence of the powder flow concentration,powder flow focal length and the amount of powder at the nozzle outlet on the rate of convergence of the powder flow is considered.The role played by the nozzle outlet width,the angle between the inner and outer walls and the powder incident angle in determining the powder flow concentration is also considered.The results show that,with increasing of nozzle outlet width,the powder flow concentration per unit volume at the nozzle focal point undergoes a non-monotonic behaviour(it first increases and then decreases).When the nozzle outlet widthδis 1.00 mm,the powder flow concentration at the focal point is maximal and the powder flow convergence can be considered optimal.By increasing the angle between the inner and outer walls,the powder flow concentration related to the upper focus decreases,the focus diameter increases and the powder flow aggregation worsens.The powder flow concentration increases first and then decreases with increasing incident angle.When the incident angleθis 30°,the powder flow exhibits the best agglomeration properties.When the outlet width is smaller,the angle between the inner and outer walls is larger,and when the incident angle is set at 30°,the powder flow concentration of the coaxial nozzle can be effectively improved.

基于光线追迹非同轴激光雷达重叠因子影响因素的分析研究

重叠因子是影响激光雷达系统探测近距离大气的一个关键因素,对其进行精确计算有利于获得更准确的探测结果.为此,提出了一种通过光线追迹获得非同轴激光雷达系统重叠因子的仿真方法.该方法利用ZEMAX分别对载入真实机械结构的发射系统和望远镜接收系统进行光线追迹,确定出同一距离处激光强度分布和望远镜的视场函数分布,通过计算重叠区域被望远镜视场函数加权后的激光强度占激光总强度的比例,可得到该距离处的重叠因子,最后通过不同距离处的重叠因子拟合出完整的重叠因子廓线.此外,利用此方法对一套激光雷达系统进行了几何因子廓线仿真,并分析了系统轴间距、光轴失调角度、激光发散角、望远镜视场角以及次镜机械遮挡对系统重叠因子廓线的影响.仿真结果表明当激光光轴偏离望远镜光轴的角度等于望远镜视场角和激光发散角差值的1/2时,远场的重叠因子不能达到1,这对激光雷达系统的设计和安装提出了更高的要求.

Dispersion Equation of the Coaxial-Radial Line

An all-metal slow-wave structure, coaxial-radial line, which is suitable for application in broadband high power traveling wave tube (TWT) and relativistic TWT as a RF system is introduced. Making use of the field matching method and variational method together with the orthogonality of the Bessel function and the Floquet Theroem for the periodic system, the dispersion characteristic expression is derived. This equation is more rigorous than that of precious reports.

甲烷/富氧空气同轴喷嘴燃烧性能研究

燃烧型空气加热器是开展地面试验时模拟高空来流的重要设备,一般采用同轴喷注燃烧方式。为满足设计总温1200 K的甲烷空气加热器正常运行的要求,本文开展了单元同轴喷嘴点火/稳焰的研究,分析了氧浓度、喷嘴构型对燃烧稳定性和燃烧效率的影响,并结合数值模拟获得燃烧室温度分布以及流场结构,对比甲烷/富氧空气与甲烷/氧气燃烧特性的异同。研究结果表明:直口型喷嘴出口壁厚较大,产生更大的稳焰回流区,为甲烷燃烧提供持续稳定的点火源,燃烧效率最高为99.98%;氧浓度对燃烧稳定性影响较大,随着氧浓度的降低,燃烧稳定性下降,当氧浓度低于39%时,燃烧室内不能形成稳定的火焰;甲烷/富氧空气燃烧依靠喷嘴出口回流区稳定火焰,喷嘴构型不会影响火焰稳定位置。

赛络纺棉/毛段彩纱结构及其性能

针对环锭纺三罗拉和四罗拉法所纺段彩纱条干不匀的结果问题,采用同轴双后罗拉2组粗纱同锭位藕合等量喂入的方法纺制等线密度赛络纺棉/毛段彩纱,并对成纱的结构及性能进行了分析。纱线的纵向观测结果表明棉与毛的质量比差异越大,分段时间越长,纱线的段彩效果越明显;截面观测结果表明棉和毛纤维在纱中互相压紧并包缠形成类似于太极阴阳鱼的结构;分段中棉与毛质量比差异及纺纱分段时间增加时,纱线的断裂强度变小,CV值变大,但对有害毛羽数量影响不大。该纺纱方法使用天然的棉和毛纤维,既丰富了现有花式纱线的产品种类,也在对细纱机进行简单改装的条件下制得股线风格的毛型感段彩纱,符合绿色低碳循环发展的趋势。

同轴静电纺美藤果油/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

目的 提高美藤果油在纤维膜中的负载量,提升其在食品活性包装或生物医药方面的应用潜力。方法 通过同轴静电纺丝技术制备具有核壳结构的美藤果油(Sacha inchi oil,SIO)/聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纳米纤维膜。采用单因素实验和正交试验探究PVA的质量分数、施加电压、接收距离和壳层流速等纺丝条件对SIO负载量的影响。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜和傅里叶红外变换光谱表征纳米纤维的形态及性能,测试并分析加入SIO后纤维膜的力学性能、亲水性能和抗氧化活性。结果 通过正交试验得到了纤维膜的最佳纺丝条件,PVA的质量分数为12%,施加电压为22 kV,接收距离为16 cm,核壳流速比为0.1 mL/h∶1.4 mL/h。在此条件下可以成功制备以SIO为核层,以PVA为壳层的具有明显核壳结构的形貌较好、直径分布均匀,SIO负载量为67.79%的纳米纤维膜。SIO的加入使纤维膜的拉伸强度提高了2.51倍,水接触角减小了14.04°,抗氧化活性提高了2.6倍。结论 采用同轴静电纺丝技术成功制备了具有明显核壳结构的纳米纤维及纤维膜,该膜的SIO负载量高,加入SIO后纤维膜的力学性能、亲水性能和抗氧化活性均得到改善。

空间热环境下反射镜支撑结构点阵轻量化设计

以太阳同步轨道卫星搭载的反射镜系统为研究对象,采用三维点阵胞元填充反射镜支撑架,建立了对应的反射镜有限元模型。为保证结构工作性能,同时考虑装置自身电子元器件自身工作时发热周期与轨道热周期不同步的影响,对反射镜系统进行轨道热分析,确定高低温恶劣工况作为结构分析温度载荷,对反射镜支撑架点阵夹层结构进行尺寸优化设计。优化目标为系统在极恶劣温度工况下反射镜安装平面法向与理想安装轴线间的夹角最小同时支撑架结构质量最小,约束条件为采用点阵结构的反射镜系统基频不小于给定的参考频率。采用多目标遗传算法(MOGA)进行点阵结构的尺寸优化。结果显示,反射镜系统采用优化后的点阵夹层支撑架设计较实体结构基频提高,质量明显降低,同时系统镜片支撑架受热变形后的姿态误差角减小,证明设计的可行性。

共轴双桨植保无人机结构设计与仿真

随着现代农业航空技术的蓬勃发展,在病虫害防治、航空护林、播种施肥等领域对植保无人机的结构和性能提出了更高的要求。为此,针对多旋翼无人机有效载荷小、冗余性差、动力小等问题,对无人机结构设计、材料选择、载荷施加等方面进行了研究,以强动力、大载荷、长航时及轻量化为目标导向,提出了一种X型共轴双桨植保无人机的设计方案。首先,根据参数要求组建无人机系统并进行结构设计;其次,整机建模并进行静力学载荷校核与动力学模态分析;最后,进行田间飞行测试。研究结果表明:该无人机的设计在强度、刚度和载荷能力上都具有较好的功能性和可靠性,可为共轴双桨式大载荷电动无人机的进一步优化设计提供理论依据和技术参考。

基于有限差分法的端部约束同轴圆柱壳的流致失稳分析

本文基于经典壳体和理想势流理论建立圆柱壳流固耦合系统的运动方程,并引入有限差分法(FDM)对运动方程进行离散.为将壳体表面的扰动压力离散到差分网格节点,基于差分离散的原理,提出了以分段函数作为基函数的展开方法.本文对结构与压力控制方程均采用FDM方法进行求解,发展了一种基于FDM的同轴圆柱壳流固耦合求解策略.首先,利用本文方法计算了同轴圆柱壳在静态流体环境中的振动频率,并与有限元软件(ANSYS)的计算结果相比较,验证了本文方法的正确性;然后,探究了在静流体环境中同轴圆柱壳的结构参数变化对其振动频率的影响规律;最后,研究了同轴圆柱壳系统在运动流体环境中的流弹失稳问题.

基于硅基集成工艺的基板堆叠传输结构设计

随着电子产品向小型化、轻量化方向发展,堆叠基板的垂直互连成为高密度电路集成的关键技术。垂直互连结构会影响跨层传输的信号质量,进而影响电路的射频性能。基于该互连结构的主要传输原理,采用多层硅基板进行堆叠,通过焊球实现上下层的信号传输,利用HFSS仿真软件建立垂直互连结构模型,分析了关键结构参数对传输性能的影响。仿真结果表明优化后的垂直互连结构在DC~20 GHz的频段内回波损耗优于15 dB,传输损耗优于0.5 dB,能够实现良好的微波传输性能。