China Seismic Experimental Site(CSES):A systems engineering perspective

China Seismic Experimental Site(CSES)deals with a long-term process of development of a multidisciplinary technical system.In the construction,maintenance,and upgrading of CSES,ideas of systems engineering play an important role.This article discusses several concepts which might be useful for CSES,including system metaphor,system performance evaluation,and system design.

Experimental and Simulation Analysis of Two-Tone and Three-Tone Photodetector Linearity Characterizing Systems

Two measurement techniques are investigated to characterize photodetector linearity. A model for the two-tone and three-tone photodetector systems is developed to thoroughly investigate the influences of setup components on the measurement results. We demonstrate that small bias shifts from the quadrature point of the modulator will induce deviation into measurement results of the two-tone system, and the simulation results correspond well to experimental and calculation results.

Hepatitis C Virus Experimental Model Systems and Antiviral drug Research

An estimated 130 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) making it a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Because the currently available therapy of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin is only effective in a subset of patients, the development of new HCV antivirals is a healthcare imperative. This review discusses the experimental models available for HCV antiviral drug research, recent advances in HCV antiviral drug development, as well as active research being pursued to facilitate development of new HCV-specific therapeutics.

Comparison between experimental and analytical results for seesaw energy dissipation systems using fluid viscous dampers

This paper presents results of experimental and numerical investigations of a seesaw energy dissipation system （SEDS） using fluid viscous dampers （FVDs）. To confirm the characteristics of the FVDs used in the tests, harmonic dynamic loading tests were conducted in advance of the flee vibration tests and the shaking table tests. Shaking table tests were conducted to demonstrate the damping capacity of the SEDS under random excitations such as seismic waves, and the results showed SEDSs have sufficient damping capacity for reducing the seismic response of flames. Free vibration tests were conducted to confirm the reliability of simplified analysis. Time history response analyses were also conducted and the results are in close agreement with shaking table test results.

Pathophysiology of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis:A review of experimental data

Since the association between nephrogenic systemic fibrosis(NSF) and gadolinium contrast agents(Gd-CAs) was suggested in 2006,several experimental studies have been published to elucidate the role of these agents in the pathogenesis of NSF.Low stability Gd-CAs have a stimulant effect on human skin and fibroblasts in culture and modulate the production of collagen by these cells.Low stability agents have also induced NSFlike skin changes in a rat model with normal renal function after multiple repeat administrations.The role of the 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy rat model in investigating NSF remains under evaluation.

Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Model Wind Rotor System and on Characterization of A Wind Generation System

In order to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of 6-MW wind turbine, experimental study on the aerodynamic characteristics of the model rotor system and on characterization of a wind generation system is carried out. In the test, a thrust-matched rotor system and a geometry-matched rotor system, which utilize redesigned thrustmatched and original geometry-matched blades, respectively, are applied. The 6-MW wind turbine system is introduced briefly. The proper scaling laws for model tests are established in the paper, which are then implemented in the construction of a model wind turbine with optimally designed blades. And the parameters of the model are provided. The aerodynamic characteristics of the proposed 6-MW wind rotor system are explored by testing a 1:65.3 scale model at the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Before carrying out the wind rotor system test, the turbulence intensity and spatial uniformity of the wind generation system are tested and results demonstrate that the characterization of the wind generation system is satisfied and the average turbulence intensity of less than 10% within the wind rotor plane is proved in the test. And then, the aerodynamic characteristics of 6-MW wind rotor system are investigated. The response characteristic differences between the thrust-matched rotor system and the geometry-matched rotor system are presented. Results indicate that the aerodynamic characteristics of 6-MW wind rotor with the thrust-matched rotor system are satisfied. The conclusion is that the thrust-matched rotor system can better reflect the characteristics of the prototype wind turbine. A set of model test method is proposed in the work and preparations for further model basin test of the 6-MW SPAR-type floating offshore wind turbine system are made.

Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Effect of Axial Spacing on Hydrodynamic Performance of the Hybrid CRP Pod Propulsion System

The hydrodynamic performance of a hybrid CRP pod propulsion system was studied by RANS method with SST k ？？ turbulence model and sliding mesh. The effect of axial spacing on the hydrodynamic performance of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system was investigated numerically and experimentally. It shows that RANS with the sliding mesh method and SST k -ω turbulence model predicts accurately the hydrodynamic performance of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system. The axial spacing has little influence on the hydrodynamic performance of the forward propeller, but great influence on that of the pod unit. Thrust coefficient of the pod unit declines with the increase of the axial spacing, but the trend becomes weaker, and the decreasing amplitude at the lower advance coefficient is larger than that at the higher advance coefficient. The thrust coefficient and open water efficiency of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system decrease with the increase of the axial spacing, while the torque coefficient keeps almost constant. On this basis, the design principle of axial spacing of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system was proposed.

Experimental Characterization of Operation of a Waist-Trunk System with Parallel Manipulators

An extensive research activity has been focused on the upper and lower limbs of humanoid robots. However, due to mechanical design difficulties and complex control of multi-body system, the torso of humanoid robot is somehow a neglected or simplified design part. In this paper, operation performance of a new waist-trunk system as torso for humanoid robots is presented through results of lab experimental tests. The proposed waist-trunk system is composed of two 3 DOFs （degrees of freedom） parallel manipulators, which are connected in a serial chain architecture. A prototype is built by using two prototypes of CaPaMan （Cassino Parallel Manipulator）, which are convenient stiff architectures with easy-operation characteristics. Experimental tests are carried out with the aims to imitate lateral-bending and transverse-rotation movements of human torso. Operation performances like displacements, accelerations, and actuation torque are measured for a performance evaluation and design characterization of the used manipulator solution imitating human torso. Experimental test results are illustrated and discussed to show the practical operation feasibility of the proposed architecture and the operation characteristics of the built prototype.

Large-scale Experimental System for Multiphase Fuel/Air Explosions

A large-scale experimental system for multiphase combustion and explosion study was developed and manufactured.The explosion tank consists of a 2 m diameter,3.5 m long tube and ellipsoidal domes on both ends.The volume of the experimental tank is 10 m3.Pressure histories of the explosion pressure can be measured at different locations in the tank.High pressure glass windows of 200～300 mm were used to have access to the visualization of the explosion process.The explosion process of methane/air mixture and methane/coal dust/air mixture initiated by a 40 J electric spark at the center of the tank was studied in the large-scale experimental system.Five pressure sensors were arranged in the tank with different distances from the ignition point.Ten dust dispersion units were equipped to eject dust into the tank.A high-speed camera system was used to visualize the flame propagation during the explosion process.The characteristics of the pressure wave and flame propagated in methane/air mixtures and methane/coal dust/air mixtures have been studied and analyzed.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON R134A AIRBORNE VAPOR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

The airborne high power electrical equipments have been widely used in modern aircrafts , which consequently causes the dramatic increase of heating load up to dozens of kilowatts.Accordingly , vapor-compression refrigeration system ( VCRS ) with lower engine bleed air and larger refrigeration capacity has been paid much attention in recent years.Therefore , based on the analysis of the characteristics of VCRS , an experiment system of VCRS using R134ais set up to simulate operation performances.The influences of different parameters including evaporation pressure , condensing pressure , refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor rotation speed are also investigated.The impacts of different parameters on the system performance are various.This work can help to establish the specific control law under different work conditions.

Study on the Gas Detonation Experimental System of Human Body Electrostatic Discharge

The modeling system of the gas detonation by the human body electrostatic discharge(ESD)in coal mine is developed successfully,and the body’s dynamic ESD model is established.To obtain a gas concentration causes by the explosions most easily in coal mine environment.The results provide an academic and experimental evidence for the safe electrostatic production and management in coal mine.The system adopts 77E58 as control core and the circuit optimized design,to take dual protection to the gas path and circuit of the system,systematic operation is safe and reliable.The experimental results show that the system can be carried out series of experiments of the human body ESD model detonating mixed gas,the measuring accuracy of gas concentration is 0.1%.And draws a conclusion that the gas concentration which causes the explosions most easily is 8.7%,but not the higher gas concentration is,the more explosive is.

Experimental platform for moving double-camera system based on binocular vergence eye movements

A control model of binocular vergence eye movements is presented. The control model can reduce blind areas caused by the double cameras in motion platform. In order to validate the model performance, an experimental platform and its control system based on TMS320LF2407 are designed. The control system has its compacted configuration and high reliability. The simulation and experimental results show that the control system can realize binocular vergence movements. Compared with the conventional moving double cameras system, this new system can considerably reduce blind areas.

EXPERIMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY STUDY ON GOLD IN WATER-ROCK REACTION UNDER THERMAL FLUID SYSTEM AT MESO-LOW TEMPERATURE

Based on the knowing geochemical characteristics of wall rock in the Mobin gold deposit and composition of fluid inclusion in ore,water rock experiments were carried out, important achievements are acquired as following: Gold is mainly derived from the ore bearing wall rock,i.e., a series of epimetamorphic clastic gritstone, sandy slate, and tuffaceous slate in the Wuqiang Banxi Formation, Wuqiangxi Group. In thermal system with middle low temperature chlorine gold may be derived form stable complex ions, so it is quite important in gold metallogenic process. Sulphur and chlorine perform as the major negative ions throughout the gold activation and migration movement. The concentration of sulphur and chlorine ions, pH value and temperature are of deciding significance for gold activation, migration and precipitation.

Vehicle Off-road Experimental System Development and Verification Based on the Labview

The problems in the vehicle off-road experiment, such as various kinds of expensive instruments and diffi- culty in matching the input and the output signals of the vehicle status which cause useless data acquired. On the basis of considering the test functions and experimental cost, this paper has developed a vehicle off-road experimental system basing on the Labview. This system can complete various kinds of signal acquisition in one experimental sys- tem and automatically restore the data by types. This solves the problem of real time matching between the input and the output signals, making sure that the data won＇t be confused as the experimental increase, so as to level the ex- perimental efficiency and data accuracy. This system has been used to the experiment of some armored vehicles. The analysis of the data has verified the reliability of the system.

The Experimental Research of the Control System of Flexible Hose Instability

The experimental control system of the superelastic hose instability is based on S7-200PLC as controller. The superelastic hoses are sealed at their both ends. The breakdown condition of that is taken as the object of study under different combined and working conditions. The upper computer of the experimental bench adopts MCGS configuration software. The test of experiment can meet the control and real-time monitoring of experimental platform conditions. In the experiment,we measure and monitor the data of temperature,tensile force,pressure and so on by the analog modules. During the process of experiment,the actuators like the solenoid valve and the motor are controlled by the switch. The paper describes that the constitution of experimental control system of the superelastic hose instability, control function and the achievement of monitoring condition. It is convenient to operate in the control system,the design cost is low,the man-machine interface is simple and understandable,and the experimental control system will be significant in bio-engineering and medical research.

Experimental test of a building thermal system for preventive maintenance based on thermoeconomic analysis

An analysis of the sectorial structure of energy consumption shows that residential and tertiary sector buildings are the third-highest consumers,responsible for 29.5%of a city’s final energy consumption.The Building Quality Control Laboratory of the Basque Government aims to promote quality,innovation,and sustainability in buildings.To accomplish this goal,it has constructed an experimental facility with different energy generation technologies and a very versatile control system for testing different energy systems and operation modes.In this study,we tested a facility for supplying domestic hot water and heating for a multi-family house by means of a condensing boiler and an aerothermal heat pump(together with the corresponding control).This installation could reproduce the thermal demands required to be satisfied by the generation equipment through a programmed operation of the installation based on real demands.Additionally,this installation was analyzed using thermoeconomics(TE)to solve problems unable to be solved using traditional energy analyses based on the First Law of Thermodynamics.These problems include:(1)Determining the costs of the products of the installation based on physical criteria,(2)detecting the places where losses actually occur,evaluating their costs,and proposing cost-effective improvements,and(3)diagnosing issues in the installation.As a result,this paper suggests a solution to the preventive maintenance problems confronting the technical maintenance personnel for thermal installations in buildings by applying TE knowledge and using real data collected from sensors.

Anti-inflammatory effect of cannabinoid agonist WIN55, 212 on mouse experimental colitis is related to inhibition of p38MAPK

AIM To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and the possible mechanisms of an agonist of cannabinoid(CB) receptors, WIN55-212-2(WIN55), in mice with experimental colitis, so as to supply experimental evidence for its clinical use in future. METHODS We established the colitis model in C57BL/6 mice by replacing the animals' water supply with 4% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) for 7 consecutive days. A colitis scoring system was used to evaluate the severity of colon local lesion. The plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6), and the myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in colon tissue were measured. The expressions of cannabinoid receptors, claudin-1 protein, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK) and its phosphorylated form(p-p38) in colon tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. In addition, the effect of SB203580(SB), an inhibitor of p38, was investigated in parallel experiments, andthe data were compared with those from intervention groups of WIN55 and SB alone or used together. RESULTS The results demonstrated that WIN55 or SB treatment alone or together improved the pathological changes in mice with DSS colitis, decreased the plasma levels of TNF-α, and IL-6, and MPO activity in colon. The enhanced expression of claudin-1 and the inhibited expression of p-p38 in colon tissues were found in the WIN55-treated group. Besides, the expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors was enhanced in the colon after the induction of DSS colitis, but reduced when p38 MAPK was inhibited. CONCLUSION These results confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect and protective role of WIN55 on the mice with experimental colitis, and revealed that this agent exercises its action at least partially by inhibiting p38 MAPK. Furthermore, the results showed that SB203580, affected the expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the mouse colon, suggesting a close linkage and cross-talk between the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and the endogenous CB system.

Numerical and experimental analysis of AC loss for CFETR CS model coil

The central solenoid(CS) is an important component of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, for producing, forming and stabilizing plasma in the superconducting tokamak. It is a complicated work to design and manufacture the large superconducting CS magnet, so it is meaningful to design a central solenoid model coil(CSMC) and analyze its electromagnetic properties in advance. In this paper, the structure, design parameters and magnetic field distribution of the CS model coil are discussed. The peak power of radial and axial turn conductors and time bucket loss are analyzed by using piecewise-linear method. The CSMC AC loss with different Nb3 Sn CICCs and AC loss of ITER CS coil are compared. The special electrometric method to measure AC loss of the CS model coil for future reference is presented.