Design and Fabrication of a Bio-inspired Acceleration Sensor Using Liquid Mass Blocks

A linear acceleration sensor,which is inspired by the human balance organ,is designed and prepared. It uses a liquid mass-block and a symmetrical-electrodes metal-core polyvinylidene fluoride fiber(SMPF)as the sensor element. The output signal of the sensor has an exponential relationship with the excitation amplitude of the impacting vibration. It is capable of detecting the amplitude and the correct frequency for sinusoidal excitations using an exponential correlation. The experiments indicate that both the output signal of the sensor and the resonance frequency increase substantially with increasing diameter of the metal core. The first-order resonance frequencies of the sensors with 40,60,and 80 μm diameter metal wires are below 10 Hz,which is near the range of human body motion frequencies.

Experimental study on the accumulative effect of multiple pulses on acceleration sensor

Intentional electromagnetic interference is a serious threat to the safety of electronic devices. Multiple electromagnetic pulses will be coupled and transmitted to electronic devices through the cables.Accumulative effects are generated, which make it easier for damage to occur in the electronic devices. In this article, the working principle of micro-silicon acceleration sensors is introduced. The accumulative effects of multiple pulses on acceleration sensors is studied by a large number of injection experiments.The accumulation trends of multiple pulses with different pulse numbers and intervals are analyzed. The damaged structures inside abnormal sensor amplifiers were observed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the accumulative effect is strengthened with increased pulse number or decreased pulse interval, and the threshold voltage for multiple pulses on the acceleration sensor decreases. The threshold voltage for a single pulse is 321.57 V. When the pulse interval is 1 μs and the pulse number is 5, the threshold voltage for multiple pulses is 163.42 V,which is reduced by 49.12% compared with a single pulse. These results provide a reference for the damage design of electromagnetic pulse weapons.

Acceleration sensing based on piezoresistive effect of carbon nanotube films

Based on piezoresistive effect, the acceleration sensitivity of multi-walled canbon nanotube (MWNT) films was investigated. A three-point bending technique was presented to measure the piezoresistivity, which used a bending stress applied to the samples while making MWNT films wheeling with a rotational machine. The experimental results showed that the fractional increase in resistance increases linearly versus the increase of centripetal acceleration, and there is a linear relationship between the acceleration and the strain. These shed light on using carbon nanotube films as acceleration sensors for many potential applications.

Visualization of real-time displacement time history superimposed with dynamic experiments using wireless smart sensors and augmented reality

Wireless smart sensors(WSS)process field data and inform inspectors about the infrastructure health and safety.In bridge engineering,inspectors need reliable data about changes in displacements under loads to make correct decisions about repairs and replacements.Access to displacement information in the field and in real-time remains a challenge as inspectors do not see the data in real time.Displacement data from WSS in the field undergoes additional processing and is seen at a different location.If inspectors were able to see structural displacements in real-time at the locations of interest,they could conduct additional observations,creating a new,information-based,decision-making reality in the field.This paper develops a new,human-centered interface that provides inspectors with real-time access to actionable structural data during inspection and monitoring enhanced by augmented reality(AR).It summarizes and evaluates the development and validation of the new human-infrastructure interface in laboratory experiments.The experiments demonstrate that the interface that processes all calculations in the AR device accurately estimates dynamic displacements in comparison with the laser.Using this new AR interface tool,inspectors can observe and compare displacement data,share it across space and time,visualize displacements in time history,and understand structural deflection more accurately through a displacement time history visualization.

Wireless Self-Powered Vibration Sensor System for Intelligent Spindle Monitoring

In recent years,high-end equipment is widely used in industry and the accuracy requirements of the equipment have been risen year by year.During the machining process,the high-end equipment failure may have a great impact on the product quality.It is necessary to monitor the status of equipment and to predict fault diagnosis.At present,most of the condition monitoring devices for mechanical equipment have problems of large size,low precision and low energy utilization.A wireless self-powered intelligent spindle vibration acceleration sensor system based on piezoelectric energy harvesting is proposed.Based on rotor sensing technology,a sensor is made to mount on the tool holder and build the related circuit.Firstly,the energy management module collects the mechanical energy in the environment and converts the piezoelectric vibration energy into electric energy to provide 3.3 Vfor the subsequent circuit.The lithium battery supplies the system with additional power and monitors’the power of the energy storage circuit in real-time.Secondly,a three-axis acceleration sensor is used to collect,analyze and filter a series of signal processing operations of the vibration signal in the environment.The signal is sent to the upper computer by wireless transmission.The host computer outputs the corresponding X,Y,and Z channel waveforms and data under the condition of the spindle speed of 50∼2500 r/min with real-time monitoring.The KEIL5 platform is used to develop the system software.The small-size piezoelectric vibration sensor with high-speed,high-energy utilization,high accuracy,and easy installation is used for spindle monitoring.The experiment results show that the sensor system is available and practical.

基于傅里叶变换的振动切削刀具振幅测量方法

振动切削在当今时代的制造业越来越普遍,而振动切削的关键参数刀具振幅又因能量损失而无法避免,为了能保证良好的切削效果,需要知道实际切削过程中的刀具振幅。目前普遍使用激光测振仪测量振动切削的刀具振幅,但设备较为昂贵。为了实现对振动切削刀具振幅经济有效的测量,提出了一种利用加速度传感器测量振动切削刀具振幅的测量方法。利用加速度传感器获得刀具振动方向的加速度,通过傅里叶变换和频域二次积分以及傅里叶反变换,将加速度信号积分为振幅信号。根据实验结果可知,本测量系统的测量误差低于0.8%。

加速度传感器的振动筛螺栓松动故障诊断系统

针对GLS10型直线振动筛弹簧紧固螺栓松动故障,结合软件LABVIEW和NIUSB-6363数据采集卡,构建一种基于加速度传感器的振动筛螺栓松动故障诊断系统。通过拧松固定螺栓个数的方法,模拟振动筛弹簧悬臂梁固定端松动故障。结果表明:当振动筛悬梁臂固定端松动时,其最大振幅明显减小,其幅度为原先幅值的53%,可以有效判断故障类型;当故障类型相同、故障程度不同时,分析得到的加速度信号图谱互不相同,且振幅差异明显,可根据振幅的阈值来判断螺栓松动的故障程度。

基于压电能量收集技术的自供电系统设计

为了降低对传统电池的依赖,同时收集和利用汽车发动机的振动能量,设计了一种二自由度压电能量收集器和基于压电能量收集技术的自供电系统。系统主要由压电能量收集器、电源管理模块和加速度传感器组成。对压电能量收集器进行了建模、仿真和测试,得到了压电能量收集器的谐振频率和输出电压,测试结果表明该压电能量收集器前两阶谐振频率分别为105.5和124.6 Hz,并且在95~128 Hz频率范围内输出电压均在2.7 V以上,频率带宽为33 Hz。测试系统的整体功能,测试结果表明电源管理模块LTC3588-1输出3.34 V的直流电压,加速度传感器ADXL335能够正常工作。实验验证了压电能量收集技术在汽车电子领域中的潜力和可行性,为汽车电子设备提供可持续的自供电解决方案。

基于LSTM的智能手机3D手写识别

针对传统传感器需要在特定的空间区域内才能进行人机交互,极易受到外部环境因素干扰的问题,提出一种新的基于长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)的智能手机3D空间手写识别方法,用于非特定三维空间中实现的人机交互.首先,利用智能手机内置三轴加速度传感器,采集手部运动数据,并将采集的数据进行预处理操作,构建3D手写识别数据集;然后,基于LSTM构建3D手写识别模型,并利用构建的数据集进行训练;最后,利用训练后的模型实现智能手机的3D手写分类识别.通过在本文自建的非依赖用户数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明,该识别方法可以实现86.4%的准确率,88.1%的召回率,88.4%的精准率和88.0%的F_(1)分数.

轴承端面振动信号原位无线无源测量方法

为解决轴承端面加速度信号的原位测量问题,设计了一种用于轴承端面原位测量的无线无源振动加速度计。采用丝网印刷技术在轴承端面集成电感线圈,利用射频反射原理,通过改变电感线圈与接收天线的距离测量轴承端面的振动信号。搭建试验平台并进行传感器性能验证的结果表明,在20~180 m/s^(2)加速度输入信号的激励下,所设计轴承端面无线无源振动传感器的输出信号与输入信号呈线性关系,传感器的灵敏度为0.120 7 mV/(m·s^(-2)),最大重复性误差不超过0.018%,可在高温高旋环境下进行陶瓷轴承外圈原位振动信号的测量。

基于ADAMS二次开发的六维加速度感知机构的性能优化

构建了六维加速度感知机构的二次开发系统,可实现不同构型和不同尺寸间的转换。给出了基频和灵敏度的计算结果,并以灵敏度为主要性能指标,提出了9-3、12-6和6-6构型的一种参数优化方法。结果显示:6-6构型的线加速度灵敏度和角加速度灵敏度分别提升了2.4倍和4.1倍;9-3构型、12-6构型的线加速度灵敏度均提升了2.4倍,角加速度灵敏度均提升了3.6倍。

基于倾角检测仪的水平井定向桥射联作技术

在定向桥射联作施工中,当射孔枪泵送至井下水平段射孔位置后,利用现有技术手段无法检测射孔弹发射口的朝向。通过研制倾角检测仪和全集成定向射孔装置,将选发控制芯片和三轴加速度传感器集成于一体,设计控制电路实现分簇射孔的起爆控制,实时测量射孔弹的方向并上传至地面选发控制系统;当检测到射孔弹方向不正确时,拖动枪串重新泵送使弹架旋转并重新定向,如果射孔弹方向仍不正确,则起出工具串整改后再施工。该技术使得接头与弹架触点连接无需接线,缩短了施工时间,方向测量角度偏差≤2.00°。在F196-XP34井现场应用11段,成功率100%。该技术可应用于所有水平井定向桥射联作,尤其适用于套管外避光纤的射孔工艺,具有较大的推广应用价值。

基于时域多参数信息融合与机器学习算法的井架钢结构损伤识别

为避免井架钢结构在作业过程中由结构损伤引发的安全隐患,将时域多参数信息融合与机器学习算法进行结合,基于井架钢结构位移响应信号提出了一种基于主成分分析和随机森林算法的井架钢结构损伤识别方法。利用加速度传感器提取在冲击载荷下井架钢结构的加速度响应信号,由加速度响应信号处理得到位移响应信号,并提取包含脉冲因子、裕度因子和峭度的3个时域特征;运用主成分分析法将3个特征融合成1个新的综合性时域特征,将原始信号中包含的大多数信息保留下来;将处理过的数据输入随机森林算法模型进行井架钢结构损伤识别,整个过程只需要采集损伤后的信号,不需要采集损伤前的信号。利用以上损伤识别模型对井架钢结构有限元模型进行仿真计算,同时结合ZJ70井架钢结构实验室模型的实验结果进行分析。分析结果表明:利用上述损伤识别方法可以准确高效地判断出井架钢结构单一或多处损伤,判断结果的正确率为90%以上。

基于FEM的引力参考传感器自引力计算与补偿

空间引力波探测太极计划将利用激光干涉的方法,测量两个检验质量之间的距离变化反演引力波信息。在0.1 mHz处,要求检验质量在敏感轴方向的总残余加速度保持在3×10^(-15)m·s^(-2)/√Hz以下。由航天器载荷静引力、热形变和质量波动引起的自引力噪声是检验质量的残余加速度噪声主要来源之一,要求检验质量在敏感轴方向的自引力加速度小于1×10^(-10)m/s^(2),引力梯度小于5×10^(-8)s^(-2)。为了计算检验质量处的自引力大小和引力梯度,针对检验质量与引力源几何形状的不规则性,基于有限元法编写程序计算了引力参考传感器中的引力源作用在检验质量上的线加速度、角加速度和引力梯度。为了缩短计算时间,提出“类自适应”网格划分方法以减小网格数量,并设计了配重以补偿自引力。计算结果显示,经过补偿后的检验质量在敏感轴方向的自引力加速度为9.2377×10^(-12)m/s^(2),引力梯度为-2.5691×10^(-8)s^(-2),满足设计要求。本研究能够为航天器和引力参考传感器的设计与引力补偿提供参考与指导。

并联式六维加速度感知机构动力学模型的失效情况研究

以三种典型的并联式六维加速度感知机构为例,剖析动力学模型失效时的情况,并揭示失效机理。首先,通过计算机构雅可比矩阵的秩,挖掘动力学方程失效的第1种原因——奇异位形。其次,通过分析机构的工作频带,挖掘动力学方程失效的第2种原因——基频共振。然后,通过分析机构支链出现故障时的输入输出关系,挖掘动力学方程失效的第3种原因——支链故障。最后,开展了虚拟样机实验。研究表明,六维加速度感知机构在实际工作时,应避开以上3种情况。

基于手机传感器的多参数电梯检测方法

电梯是高层建筑必不可少的垂直交通工具,而定期对电梯进行检测与检验尤其重要。传统的电梯检测方法需要电梯检测人员携带大量硬件设备,过程烦琐且不便。为解决此问题,本文提出了一种基于智能手机的电梯检测方法,利用手机内置传感器可获取电梯检测的关键参数。对样本数据进行对比分析,其结果显示样本数据接近专用设备所测的数据。因此,使用智能手机传感器可以方便有效地检测电梯的运行特性,从而跟进科技发展,避免机械浪费。

基于改进MEMS惯性传感器的人体动作智能捕捉

由于MEMS惯性传感器在人体动作数据采集时会受到重力加速度的影响,导致人体动作捕捉效果差,提出基于改进MEMS惯性传感器的人体动作智能捕捉方法。运用MEMS惯性传感器获取人体动作数据,并对采集的数据实施数据去噪、误差校正、重力加速度去除等处理,优化MEMS惯性传感器的数据采集效果,获取实际的人体运动数据。依据获取的人体运动数据,将方差作为人体整体运动幅度的特征向量值,提取人体动作特征,结合支持向量机对动作进行分类识别,实现人体动作捕捉。实验结果表明,使用上述方法开展人体动作捕捉时,捕捉精准度较高、捕捉时间较短,且实际效果较好。

基于功率谱密度的地下水管道漏水点智能检测

为及时发现管道漏水问题,提高检测准确率,提出一种基于水声信号的地下水管道多漏水点检测方法。在地下水管道安装两个电压式加速度传感器,采集漏水信号,根据冲激响应函数、差分方程分析FIR滤波装置去噪原理,结合等波纹逼近、雷米兹算法设计其内部运算,完成漏水信号的去噪处理;使用功率谱密度描述信号频带分布情况,判断水管道是否漏水,若漏水,根据信号时延差及其在管道中的传播速度,确定漏水点位置。仿真结果表明,所提方法去噪效果好,能有效检测出水管道漏水点位置,且检测精度高,用时短,可广泛使用。