Micro-motion effect in inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of ballistic mid-course targets

For ballistic mid-course targets,in addition to constant orbital motion,the target or any structure on the target undergoes micro-motion dynamics,such as spin,precession and tumbling.The micro-motion characteristics of the ballistic mid-course targets were discussed.The target motion model and inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging model for this kind of targets were built.Then,the influence of micro-motion on ISAR imaging based on the established imaging model was presented.The computer simulation to get mid-course target echoes from static darkroom electromagnetic scattering data based on the established target motion model was realized.The imaging results of computer simulation show the validity of ISAR imaging analysis for micro-motion targets.

Micro-motion dynamics analysis of ballistic targets based on infrared detection

The dynamic characteristics related to micro-motions, such as mechanical vibration or rotation, play an essential role in classifying and recognizing ballistic targets in the midcourse, and recent researches explore ways of extracting the micro-motion features from radar signals of ballistic targets. In this paper, we focus on how to investigate the micro-motion dynamic characteristics of the ballistic targets from the signals based on infrared (IR) detection, which is mainly achieved by analyzing the periodic fluctuation characteristics of the target IR irradiance intensity signatures. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the periodic characteristics of IR signatures can be used to distinguish different micro motion types and estimate related parameters. Consequently, this is possible to determine the micro-motion dynamics of ballistic targets based on IR detection.

Measuring In-Plane Micro-Motion of Micro-Structure Using Optical Flow

Optical flow method is one of the most important methods of analyzing motion images. Optical flow field is used to analyze characteristics of motion objects. According to motion features of micro-electronic mechani-cal system (MEMS) micro-structure, the optical algorithm based on label field and neighborhood optimization is presented to analyze the in-plane micro-motion of micro-structure. Firstly, high speed motion states for each fre-quency segment of micro-structure in cyclic motion are frozen based on stroboscopic principle. Thus a series of dynamic images of micro-structure are obtained. Secondly, the presented optical algorithm is used to analyze the image sequences, and can obtain reliable and precise optical field and reduce computing time. As micro-resonator of testing object, the phase-amplitude curve of micro-structure is derived. Experimental results indicate that the meas-urement precision of the presented algorithm is high, and measurement repeatability reaches 40 nm under the same experiment condition.

Novel advancements in threedimensional neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Neurological diseases and injuries present some of the great- est challenges in modern medicine, often causing irrevers- ible and lifelong burdens in the people whom they afflict. Conditions of stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative diseases have devastating con- sequences on millions of people each year, and yet there are currently no therapies or interventions that can repair the structure of neural circuits and restore neural tissue function in the brain and spinal cord. Despite the challenges of over- coming these limitations, there are many new approaches under development that hold much promise. Neural tissue engineering aims to restore and influence the function of damaged or diseased neural tissue generally through the use of stem cells and biomaterials. Many types of biomaterials may be implemented in various designs to influence the survival, differentiation, and function of developing stem cells, as well as to guide neurite extension and morphological architecture of cell cultures. Such designs may aim to reca- pitulate the cellular interactions, extracellular matrix char- acteristics, biochemical factors, and sequences of events that occur in neurodevelopment, in addition to supporting cell survival, differentiation, and integration into innate neural tissue.

High-Precision Wideband Phase-Derived Velocity Measurement for Micro-Motion Extraction

A phase-derived velocity measurement method is proposed in a wideband coherent system,based on a precise echo model considering the inner pulse Doppler effect caused by fast moving targets.The Cramer-Rao low band of velocity measurement precision is deduced,demonstrating the high precision of the proposed method.Simulations and out-field experiments further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in high-precision measurement and micro-motion extraction for targets with weak reflection intensity.Compared with the long-time integration approaches for velocity measurement,the phase-derived method is easy to implement and meets the requirement for high data rate,which makes it suitable for micro-motion feature extraction in wideband systems.

MICRO-MOTION TARGET SENSING BY STEPPED-FREQUENCY CONTINUOUS-WAVE RADAR

Mechanical micro-vibration of a target may induce phase modulations on the radar echo,and the vibration can be detected to identify micro-motion target. In this paper,a new method to detect a micro-motion target and obtain its range and micro-motion frequency is proposed in which multiple periods stepped-frequency continuous-wave signal and Moving Target Indication (MTI) filter are adopted. The simulation results illustrate the validity of this method and present the detection of the target range and the vibration frequency. The experiment gives promising results.

Femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction on binocularity for myopia with glasses-free 3D technique

AIM:To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the binocular visual function in myopic patients with glasses-free threedimensional(3D)technique.METHODS:Totally 50 myopic patients(39 females and 11 males)with SMILE were enrolled in this prospective study.The glasses-free 3D technique was used to evaluate the binocular visual function in these subjects including static stereopsis,dynamic stereopsis,foveal suppression,and binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio(s/n ratio).All subjects received measurements in 1d before operation,and 1d,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Both static and dynamic stereopsis showed no significant difference after SMILE.The foveal suppression improved significantly 1wk and 1mo after SMILE(P=0.005 and P=0.007 respectively).The binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio showed a significant improvement 1d,1wk and 1mo after SMILE for both eyes(P<0.001 for each eye respectively).CONCLUSION:Glasses-free 3D technique can be used to evaluate the effect of SMILE on the binocular visual function in myopic patients perceptively,and SMILE can improve both foveal suppression and binocular imbalance in these patients.

油气管道穿越工程中的应力分析与优化

研究油气管道穿越工程中的应力问题。采用有限元法分析不同穿越方式下管道应力分布,建立三维模型并考虑内压、温度、土压力等因素。结果表明,定向钻穿越方式应力水平最低。运用响应面法优化设计参数,建立二次多项式模型描述管径、壁厚、埋深与最大等效应力的关系。优化后,最大应力降低15%,达到218 MPa。本研究为管道穿越工程设计提供了参考和依据。

城市实景模型结构化线面特征重构方法

为了改善城市实景模型边缘模糊,提出了一种曲率引导的结构化线面特征重构方法。根据曲率特征将网格分割为平面、可展凹、可展凸以及不可展曲面4类,在平面分割结果内提取平面,在可展凹和可展凸分割结果内提取直线,对过度弯曲的不可展区域进行保留,最终形成包含几何特征的复合网格模型。结果表明,结合曲率信息预先设置几何特征的潜在范围,使得结构化线面特征更可靠,同时保证城市实景中复杂的树结构不被错误地提取为平面。

数据驱动的中温隔热陶瓷管件结构优化设计及性能评估

随着中温区电加热的电子产品和家电用品不断涌现,低成本的高效保温隔热材料研究日益成为热点。如何确保管路内部快速升温并避免外表温度大幅波动,有效提高能源利用率,是保温隔热材料领域的挑战。据此,本研究以低熔点玻璃助烧结的镁橄榄石、莫来石、珍珠岩和磷酸锌等复合物陶瓷为对象,从数据驱动的壁内多孔结构隔热管件优化设计出发,开展陶瓷隔热管件三维打印制造,通过显微结构和力学性能分析,并围绕管件的导热、隔热影响因素评估,系统考察了该类新型隔热管件的理化、力学和隔热性能及影响关系。结果表明,通过对沿管壁环绕的矩形大孔高度调控(400~1 200μm)、管腔内热源区的管壁倍增(1.2 mm×2 mm)以及有机微球造孔剂引入(~9%),同时通过烧结温度控制(700~750℃),可以显著改善热流出口区的温度水平(~20℃),并显著优于不锈钢真空隔热管的出口温度。研究结果表明,增材制造复合陶瓷管件具有优良的综合性能以及较低的原料成本,使得多孔陶瓷隔热管件在中温隔热领域具有广阔的应用前景。

基于扫描旋转同步运动的三维成像方法

为满足在役战机隐身性能的快速检测需求,提出了一种基于垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动的三维成像方法。成像系统主要由射频收发设备、收发天线对、竖直方向导轨、转台和数据处理终端构成。天线发射频率步进信号时,对转台上的被测目标进行水平旋转,同时,收发天线对在垂直方向上扫描被测目标。以点目标组合为例,通过理论分析和仿真计算,确定该成像系统的参数配置,比较不同参数配置下系统的三维成像性能。仿真结果表明:采用垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动方法能够实现三维成像,该方法与经典圆柱面扫描方法相比,扫描时间可缩短92%,同时保持11 dB峰值旁瓣比率。所提方法具有测试效率高、系统搭建简单、易于调节的特点,为服役阶段的隐身飞机散射源诊断提供了一种有效的测量方法选择。

基于启发式映射法的未知三维环境路径规划

针对全局环境的未知性和常用规划算法易得到局部最优解的特性,提出一种基于启发式映射法的未知三维环境路径规划算法。在分段规划的策略下,使用启发式映射法来获取分段的子目标,克服了常规直线映射法在一定情况下难以确定目标的缺陷,结合三维环境下的A^(*)算法完成了移动智能体的规划任务。通过MATLAB进行仿真,与直线映射法相比,得到了更短的路径长度,且运行时间更短,可以较好地解决未知三维环境的路径规划问题。

低可见度环境下基于改进YOLOv3的井下人员定位方法

煤矿井下光照不足、粉尘遮挡,井下视频监控系统采集的人员目标在二维图像中表现为小目标或低可见度目标时,原始YOLOv3网络的Darknet53特征金字塔结构无法充分提取和保留目标的细节信息,导致定位结果不准确。针对上述问题,提出了一种低可见度环境下基于改进YOLOv3的井下人员定位方法。首先,结合β函数映射和帧间信息增强技术,提升低可见度环境下煤矿井下监控视频的清晰度。然后,采用更轻量级的Darknet-19替代YOLOv3中的Darknet53,并引入CIoU作为损失函数,利用改进YOLOv3识别增强后视频中的井下人员目标。最后,基于映射模型将识别到的目标从二维空间投影至三维空间,结合三维定位结果完成井下人员定位。选用某煤矿一段低可见度环境下井下监控视频进行实验,结果表明:①经过基于改进YOLOv3的井下人员定位方法处理后的视频帧亮度、可见度和各项评价指标(平均灰度、平均对比度、信息熵与灰度谱带宽)较原始视频均有明显提升,整体光照条件得到显著改善,且处理后的视频帧对比度得到增强,目标和背景之间更易区分,证明了采用的图像增强技术的有效性。②改进YOLOv3模型能准确识别视频帧中的井下工作人员,不存在漏识别问题。③采用已知位置的标定物或人工标注的的真实三维位置作为基准,计算投影结果与真实位置之间的偏差(偏差计算涵盖X,Y,Z方向上的距离偏差),其中X方向和Y方向上的偏差均小于0.2 m,Z方向上的偏差小于0.002 m,表明构建的映射模型的映射效果好且定位精度较高。

基于NURBS曲面的小麦叶片三维重建

针对小麦叶片三维可视化不易实现的问题,通过NURBS曲面算法对小麦叶片进行三维重建。实测小麦叶片长度、叶片宽度、茎叶夹角、叶鞘长度、叶鞘直径等具体数据,通过主脉控制点算法计算叶片和叶鞘的主脉控制点信息,根据叶片宽度、叶鞘直径等信息计算出全部控制点信息,在visual studio中使用OpenGL构建小麦叶片三维模型。本研究算法得出的小麦叶片模型与真实小麦叶片有较高的相似度,较好地体现了叶片的弯曲度,真实地反映了作物叶片的形态信息。基于NURBS曲面的三维重建控制灵活、使用方便、计算简单,在作物的三维建模方面有较好的应用和参考价值。

季冻区水平和立体加筋土体防冻胀融沉效果研究

冻胀融沉是季节性冻土区建筑物破坏的主要原因,实际应用表明,土工合成材料加筋路基具有良好的抗冻融循环损伤能力,然而不同加筋形式的有益影响尚未被量化。针对四川阿坝地区典型季节性冻土,开展了水平及立体加筋土冻融循环试验及平板载荷试验,研究了冻融循环对加筋土和未加筋土力学性能的影响,对比了水平加筋及立体加筋土的防冻胀融沉效果。研究发现:水平加筋和立体加筋均可一定程度上抑制土体的冻胀融沉,提高冻融循环后土体的承载力,抑制冻融循环的弱化作用。立体加筋加固效果优于水平加筋。经过5次冻融循环后,水平加筋使冻胀隆起和融化沉降分别减少5%,6%,立体加筋使冻胀隆起和融化沉降分别减少4%,17%;水平加筋对冻融循环土体的承载力和刚度分别提高75%,29%,立体加筋对冻融循环土体的承载力和刚度分别提高388%,40%。

某抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室群三维有限元稳定性分析

为了了解抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室群开挖支护后围岩的稳定性,以某抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室群为例,采用隐式弹粘塑性本构关系,建立三维有限元模型,对比分析地下洞室群毛洞工况、锚杆+锚索+衬砌联合支护工况及支护参数优化后围岩的变形、应力场分布及D-P点安全系数。结果表明:采用锚杆+锚索+衬砌联合支护的方式可以有效减小地下洞室群围岩的位移量,提高D-P点安全系数,使应力分布更为均匀,围岩的稳定性更好。锚杆长度在6m~8m范围变化及锚索预应力变化对围岩的变形、应力以及D-P点安全系数的影响不显著,但是对围岩局部有一定的影响,施工过程中应动态优化调整。

三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性及在油水分离领域的研究进展

海上溢油和工业油污泄漏频发,导致水体受到严重的污染破坏。随着生态文明建设的不断推进,为使受油污染的水体得到高效的清洁保护,各种油水分离材料和方法应运而生。其中,三聚氰胺海绵具有独特的三维柔性结构以及其他优异的特性,使用不同的方法对其进行疏水改性后被广泛应用于油水分离领域。本文概述了超润湿性表面油水分离的机理,讨论了三聚氰胺海绵在油水分离领域的研究进展,总结了近几年三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性的材料与方法以及改性后的一些特殊性质,如磁性、耐腐蚀性等。同时对各种材料与方法进行了分析评价,并对疏水改性三聚氰胺海绵在油水分离领域的发展方向进行了展望,为推动低成本、高性能三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性技术在含油废水处理中的应用提供了参考。

外泌体及预处理方式对牙髓再生的作用

背景:现有研究已经证实外泌体可有效促进牙髓再生,而经预处理来源的外泌体其生物学功能和特性会发生显著改变,对细胞的增殖、迁移和成牙分化产生不同的影响。目的:探讨外泌体及其预处理方式在牙髓再生领域的应用现状,归纳和总结影响外泌体发挥作用的预处理方式,并阐述外泌体及其预处理方式对牙髓再生的作用。方法:检索万方、中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中2006-2022年发表的相关文献,以“外泌体,牙髓再生,预处理方式”等为中文检索词,以“Exosomes,Pulp regeneration,Preconditioning method”等为英文检索词进行检索,共纳入78篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①外泌体具有良好的生物相容性、低免疫原性和无细胞毒性等优势,可以通过促进干细胞成牙、成神经和成血管化进而诱导牙髓组织的新生。②经预处理衍生的外泌体可以增强对组织的修复和再生能力,并对再生牙髓的质量有显著影响。③目前应用在牙髓再生领域中的预处理方式包括炎症刺激、低氧诱导、条件培养基和三维培养,其分泌的外泌体均能有效改善再生牙髓的质量,但是不同的预处理方式对牙髓再生的具体效果和机制在未来尚需探索。

风化岩土质的地铁基坑开挖仿真研究

为研究风化岩土质深基坑在开挖过程中的变形演化规律,以长沙市某地铁深基坑工程为依托,用PLAXIS 3D软件建立三维数值模型,分析基坑开挖深度、载荷位置、载荷大小对深基坑开挖过程变形的影响规律。研究结果表明:风化岩土质地铁基坑在开挖过程中,其形变主要发生在土层。当载荷20 kN/m^(2)且距离基坑为5 m时,围护桩的最大偏移0.72 mm;当载荷达到60 kN/m^(2)时,地表的最大沉降为70.90 mm。该结果可为类似风化岩土质基坑设计提供参考。

基于脑血管3D模型对颅内动脉狭窄患者行介入诊疗宣教的效果观察

目的 探讨结合使用脑血管3D模型对颅内动脉狭窄患者行介入诊疗宣教的作用。方法 选取2022年我院神经内科因颅内动脉狭窄需行介入诊治患者70例,按随机数字分为观察组和对照组,每组35例。颅内动脉狭窄部位包括椎动脉和大脑中动脉。观察组采用术前常规宣教模式结合3D模型进行健康宣教,对照组采用统一宣教单、幻灯片进行常规术前健康宣教。采用自制宣教效果评分量表在宣教前后进行评分,比较两组患者颅内动脉狭窄认识评分、治疗方案知晓评分、就医满意度评分。结果 在进行宣教前,两组患者对颅内血管的认知(正常颅内动脉的认识、颅内动脉闭塞的认识、血管狭窄治疗的认识)比较,差异无统计学意义。在实施宣教后,两组患者对颅内血管的认知均升高;但观察组中正常颅内动脉的认识评分、颅内动脉闭塞的认识评分、血管狭窄治疗认识评分、治疗方案知晓评分、就医满意度均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实施宣教干预后,观察组内的大脑中动脉、椎动脉狭窄患者宣教效果评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 结合3D模型的健康宣教模式可提高患者颅内动脉狭窄诊治的认知,提高就医满意度,提高患者的依从性及颅内动脉狭窄的介入诊治率,从而预防颅内动脉狭窄导致的卒中。