GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oils of the Yao Medicine Thunbergia grandiflora from Different Habitats in Guangxi

[Objectives]This study was conducted to compare and analyze the chemical constituents of the volatile oils of the Yao medicine Thunbergia grandiflora from different habitats.[Methods]A quartz capillary column DB-1MS,an EI ion source and a quadrupole mass analyzer were used for analysis.The chromatographic and mass spectrum information obtained was automatically retrieved and analyzed by data processing system and its memory spectrum library(Nist.08).The relative content of each chemical component in the volatile oil was determined by the peak area normalization method.[Results]Forty nine chromatographic peaks were isolated from the sample produced in Shitun,Bailongtan Town,Mashan County,and 24 chemical constituents were identified,accounting for 88.78% of the total volatile oil.Forty nine chromatographic peaks were isolated from the sample produced in Hongdu Village,Chengjiang Town,Duan County,and 30 chemical constituents were identified,accounting for 88.38% of the total volatile oil.Forty eight chromatographic peaks were isolated from the sample produced in Longwan Township,Du'an County,and 25 chemical constituents were identified,accounting for 80.01% of the total volatile oil.Nine chemical constituents were common to the volatile oils of the samples from the three habitats.[Conclusions]It could be seen that the main components of volatile oils from T.grandiflora produced in different areas are different.

In-vitro comparative study of cytotoxic and thrombolytic effects of methanolic extract of Cissus pentagona and Thunbergia grandiflora(Roxb.)leaves

Objective:To compare cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of crude methanolic extract of Cissus pentagona(C.pentagona)and Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.(T.grandiflora)leaves.Methods:The screening of cytotoxic activity was done by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay while the thrombolytic activity was evaluated by using the in vitro clot lysis model.In brief,venous blood from five healthy volunteers was allowed to form clots which were weighed and treated with the tested plant materials to disrupt the clots.Weight of clot before and after treatment provided a percentage of clot lysis and the results with streptokinase as positive control and water as negative control were compared.Results:Moderate cytotoxicity was found for both methanol extracts,and it was compared with the standard drug vincristine sulfate in the brine shrimp bioassay.In the present study,the LC50 values of the methanol crude extract of C.pentagona as well as T.grandiflora and vincristine sulfate were 291.33,243.37 and 12.59μg/mL,respectively.In thrombolytic study,it was found that C.pentagona and T.grandiflora showed(24.27±2.61)%and(19.56±2.98)%of clot lysis,respectively.Among the herbs studied,C.pentagona showed very significant(P<0.001)percentage of clot lysis than T.grandiflora,compared with reference drug streptokinase[(63.54±2.61)%].Conclusions:The results of the study demonstrated that the leaf of the plants contains preliminary cytotoxic effect on brine shrimp and promising thrombolytic activity in vitro when it is tested on human blood.However,further study is needed to evaluate its potential as a thrombolytic agent.

遮荫对大花山牵牛和桂叶老鸦嘴生长及叶片组织结构的影响

遮荫后大花山牵牛 [Thunbergiagrandiflora (Rottl.etWilld .)Roxb .]和桂叶老鸦嘴 (T .laurifoliaLindl.)植株增高、节间增长、叶绿素含量增加、叶绿素a/叶绿素b降低、叶片及栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度降低 ,叶片组织结构紧密度 (CTR)降低、叶片组织结构疏松度 (SR)增加 .

外来植物大花老鸭嘴在迁入地的传粉机制和繁殖策略

外来植物在迁入地的生存和繁殖策略,是入侵生物学研究的热门话题之一。开展入侵植物的繁殖策略研究,有助于深入了解入侵生物在迁入地的生存繁衍机制,对入侵植物在可控范围内的适当使用具有重要的指导意义。通过野外传粉昆虫观测、光学和电镜扫描观测和人工控制授粉等方法,对外来植物大花老鸦嘴(Thunbergia grandiflora)在广州和深圳的4个居群的开花物候、花部结构、花粉活力、传粉昆虫及其行为等传粉生物学特征进行了研究。结果表明:大花老鸦嘴的单花花期为1 d,上午10:00时花粉活力最高,长雄蕊花粉活力可达73.92%,短雄蕊花粉活力可达71.54%,随后花粉活力逐渐下降。主要传粉者为扁柄木蜂(Xylocopa latipes),开花当天访花高峰期的9:00—10:00,单花访花频率可达5 h-1以上,之后开始逐渐减少,14:00之后未观测到扁柄木蜂访花,18:00后仅剩蚂蚁等体型较小的昆虫长期栖息于花序或花蕾。控制授粉实验结果显示,无论是人工异株授粉、自花授粉,还是自然授粉,结果率均为0,4个居群均未见结实。光学显微镜下子房发育完整;电镜扫描观测结果显示其花粉在柱头上能萌发,但花粉管不能延伸到子房位置。目前在园林栽培的大花老鸭嘴均以块根或茎为繁殖体培育苗木,虽然这些植株均能开出鲜艳的花朵,花粉传递者也充足,但未见任何结果现象。因此,初步推测本次研究区域内的大花老鸭嘴种群可能来自相同或相近的无性系,故不同居群间异株授粉的不结果现象可能为"自交不亲和",或"染色体多倍化"所致。

山牵牛炭疽病病原分离与鉴定

目的:明确为害山牵牛的叶部病害的病原菌,为其防治奠定基础。方法:采用常规组织分离法对山牵牛炭疽病的病原菌进行分离,利用形态学特征和ITS r DNA序列分析法鉴定该病原菌的分类地位。结果:该病原鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides。结论:该病原菌危害山牵牛造成其叶部病害,在国内为首次报道。

山牵牛叶斑病拮抗细菌的分离筛选与鉴定

采用组织分离法从健康的山牵牛[Thunbergia grandiflora (Rottl. ex Willd.) Roxb.]叶片中分离到6株内生细菌;通过平板对峙试验,筛选出对山牵牛叶斑病病原菌及其他9种植物病原真菌均具有较强作用的2个菌株(bjq-a、bjq-d),其中内生细菌bjq-a的抑菌带宽度最大;通过形态鉴定并结合16S rDNA序列测定,对bjq-a、bjq-d菌株进行鉴定,分别为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)、解淀粉酶芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);通过显微观察,bjq-a、bjq-d菌株均可造成山牵牛炭疽病病原菌菌丝膨大、畸形、断裂。

GC-MS对广西不同产地瑶药老鸦嘴挥发油化学成分的分析

采用GC-MS分析了不同产地瑶药老鸦嘴挥发油的化学成分。结果表明,马山百龙滩地石屯产老鸦嘴分离出49个色谱峰,鉴定出24种化学成分,占挥发油总量的88.78%。都安县澄江镇红渡村产老鸦嘴分离出49个色谱峰,鉴定出30种化学成分,占挥发油总量的88.38%。都安县龙湾乡附近产老鸦嘴分离出48个色谱峰,鉴定出25种化学成分,占挥发油总量的80.01%。在3个产地老鸦嘴的挥发油化学成分中,有9种成分是三者共有的成分。这表明不同产地挥发油的主要成分存在差异。