Evolution Mechanism of a Severe Squall Line Triggered by the Coupling of a Sea Breeze Front and a Gust Front

In the present study, a severe squall line(SL) was analyzed by using intensive observational surface data and radar monitoring products. In this process, mesoscale convergence lines, such as the sea breeze front(SBF), gust front and dry line, served as the main triggering and strengthening factors. The transition from convection triggering to the formation of the initial shape was mainly affected by the convergence line of the SBF, which combined with thermal convection to form the main parts of the SL. In the later stage, the convergence line of the gust front merged with other convergence lines to form a series of strong convective cells. The SBF had good indicative significance in terms of severe convective weather warnings. The suitable conditions of heat, water vapor and vertical wind shear on the Shandong Peninsula were beneficial to the maintenance of the SL. Before SL occurrence, tropopause folding strengthened, which consequently enhanced the baroclinic property in the middle and upper troposphere. The high sensible heat flux at the surface easily produced a positive potential vorticity anomaly in the low layer, resulting in convective instability, which was conducive to the maintenance of these processes. In the system, when precipitation particles passed through the unsaturated air layer, they underwent strong evaporation, melting or sublimation, and the cooling effect formed negative buoyancy, which accelerated the sinking of the air and promoted the sustained development of the surface gale. Together with the development of lowlevel mesocyclones, the air pressure decreased rapidly, which was conducive to gale initiation.

Analysis on an Easterly Wave Thunderstorm and Gale Weather during the Latter Flood Season of 2010

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze an easterly wave thunderstorm and gale weather during the latter flood season of 2010.[Method] Based on conventional observation data,data of automatic station,NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data,Doppler radar reflectivity and radial velocity data,the easterly wave thunderstorm and gale weather process which happened during 4-5 August,2010 was analyzed.The circulation situation,wind field and dynamic & thermal structures of easterly wave,echo characteristics of Doppler radar when thunderstorm and gale happened were studied.[Result] The thunderstorm and gale weather happened in the northeaster zone in front of the deep thick easterly wave trough.When thunderstorm and gale weather happened,position of the subtropical high was by north(ridge line was at 35° N).Eastward movement of the north branch of trough compelled subtropical high splitting into east and west circles.Westward extension of the east subtropical high and saddle-type field circulation were favorable for generation and development of the easterly wave.As development and westward movement of the easterly wave,in the influence zone in front of the trough,upper easterly component transmitted downward.Then,low-level northeaster obviously strengthened,and thunderstorm and gale weather appeared.In the zone where thunderstorm and gale happened,airflow had cyclonic convergence at the middle and low layers and anti-cyclonic divergence near the ground layer.Subsidence movement was obvious.Moreover,thermal force structure that it tended to be dry and cold at the middle and high layers,warm and wet at the low layer existed.Supercell storm was at the developed stage on 4th.It had obvious mesocyclone and hooked echo characteristics(meso-and small-scale characteristics).Characteristics of the squall line,gale region and adverse wind region appeared in central west Guangdong on 5th.Doppler characteristics of the mesocyclone,hooked echo,squall line,gale region and adverse wind region had indication significance for short-imminent forecast of the thunderstorm and gale.[Conclusion] This research revealed some information which had significance for forecasting local easterly wave thunderstorm and gale weather.

Analysis on Climatic and Synoptic Characteristics of Thunderstorm Gale Weather in Jiangsu

By using observation and sounding data at 68 artificial observatories of Jiangsu Province during 2009- 2013,thunderstorm gale weather and its climatic characteristics in Jiangsu were conducted statistics. The characteristics of some instability indexes and strong convection parameters were analyzed,and environmental parameters of dry and wet thunderstorm gales were contrasted. Results showed that thunderstorm gale in Jiangsu had the characteristics of high occurrence frequency,local feature and stronger intensity. It was mostly accompanied by precipitation,and had obvious seasonal and daily change characteristics. Synoptics analysis showed that temperature-humidity profile characteristics before thunderstorm gale appeared in Jiangsu mainly had four types： bell mouth type,inverted V type,dry unstable type and wet unstable type. Before thunderstorm gale occurred,atmospheric instability was stronger,and some strong convection parameters all had certain instructions. But the forecasts of some thunderstorm gale processes were easy to be missed by only considering CAPE. Environmental condition difference of generating dry and wet thunderstorm gale was that instability of dry thunderstorm gale was stronger than that of wet thunderstorm gale. Before dry thunderstorm gale occurred,environmental temperature at middle-low layer was lower; lapse rate was larger; humidity was small. Before wet thunderstorm gale occurred,environmental temperature was higher; lapse rate was small; humidity was large. At dynamic structure,vertical wind shear at 0- 6 km of dry thunderstorm gale was significantly stronger than that of wet thunderstorm gale.

Analysis on a Severe Convective Weather Process of Guangxi in 2018

Based on conventional meteorological observation data and Doppler radar data,the occurrence and development mechanism of mixed severe convective weather and evolution of convective storm in Guangxi on March 4,2018 were analyzed. The results showed that the dry line was the main trigger mechanism of this severe convective weather. Instable convection stratification of cold advection at middle layer and warm advection at low layer and abundant water vapor from low-level jet provided favorable stratification and water vapor conditions for the occurrence and development of severe convection. Cold trough at middle layer,low pressure and strong vertical wind shear at middle and lower layers may be main factors for the development and maintenance of strong storm system. Squall line developed along ground convergence line,and there was bow echo on reflectivity factor chart. Moving velocity of convective system was quick,and there was gale core and velocity ambiguity on velocity map.