Objective: To analyze the influencing factors for radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) in a panel of cases with malignant thymic tumors treated by radiotherapy. Methods: 52 consecutive patients were treated by radi...Objective: To analyze the influencing factors for radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) in a panel of cases with malignant thymic tumors treated by radiotherapy. Methods: 52 consecutive patients were treated by radiotherapy for malignant thymic tumor (14 at Masaoka stage II, 23 at stage III and 15 at stage IV). Treatment included radical (in 20), postoperative (in 14), preoperative (in 2) and palliative (in 16) radiotherapy. The conventional two-dimension (2D) radiation therapy was performed in forty-seven patients and three-dimension (3D) conformal radiation therapy has been used in 5 patients since October 2000. The total tumor dose ranged from 10 Gy to 84.5 Gy (median of 55 Gy). Chemotherapy was given in twenty-five patients before or after radiotherapy. The results of following-up could be obtained from the database and updated where appropriated. The dose volume histogram (DVH) of heart in radiotherapy for all patients was analyzed for the effective volume dose of heart. Result: The median following-up was 14 months (ranged from 0.6 to 111.3 months) in the study. RIHD was observed in seven patients. Cardiac toxicity of these seven patients were evaluated as SOMA grade 1-3. The median two-third effective volume dose of heart was 47.2 Gy (ranged from 8.3 Gy to 70.1 Gy) for conventional 2D radiotherapy, which correlated with thymic tumor dose (P<0.0001). The median two-third effective volume dose of heart was 35.3 Gy (ranged from 13 Gy to 38.7 Gy) for 3D conformal radiotherapy. The effective volume doses of heart were decreased by using 3D conformal radiotherapy (P=0.048). A significant association between cardiac toxicity and effective volume dose of heart was found in this study (P<0.0001). Cardiac toxicity accounted for 10.4% and 4.1% of patients receiving and not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively, and occurred earlier in radiochemotherapy group (P=0.0528). Multivariate analysis suggested that cardiac toxicity was significantly influenced by the effective volume dose of heart and chemotherapy. Conclusion: the results indicate that decreasing the effective volume dose of heart and carefully using chemotherapy drugs that have significant cardiotoxicity may reduce the probability of radiation-induced heart disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are l...BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are lymphoid stromal hyperplasia and nodular arrangement of tumor epithelial cells.This type of tumor is rare;therefore,the corresponding clinical guidelines,histopathological diagnostic criteria,prognostic factors,and therapeutic regimens have not been established.CASE SUMMARY This study covers a novel presentation of MNC in a patient and summarizes the clinicopathological characteristics of this type of tumor by using pooled-analysis methods.Morphologically,this tumor type is a series of benign to malignant pedigrees.We establish the following criteria for the classification of micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma:(1)Tumor cells with moderate-to-severe dysplasia;(2)Tumor cell mitotic figures>2/10 high-power fields;(3)Appearance of neoplastic necrosis;(4)No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive immature T lymphocytes within the tumor;(5)Tumor cells with a Ki-67 index≥10%;and(6)Tumor cells express CD5.Cases that fall into the borders of two categories in terms of morphology are attributed to atypical MNT.It is proposed that the diagnosis of MNT should be established on the diagnostic criteria mentioned above.CONCLUSION Our diagnostic algorithm can effectively distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors and provides a potent basis for predicting a prognosis,which offers a practical reference for oncologists and pathologists.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thymic lipofibroadenomas are extremely rare.In this study,we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of thymic lipofibroadenomas.CASE SUMMARY This study included three patients with thymic lipo...BACKGROUND Thymic lipofibroadenomas are extremely rare.In this study,we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of thymic lipofibroadenomas.CASE SUMMARY This study included three patients with thymic lipofibroadenomas.We retrospectively analyzed the patient data to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of thymic lipofibroadenomas.The study included one man and two women[mean age,43(33–59)years].All patients were non-smokers and presented with well-defined anterior mediastinal tumors.The cut surfaces of the tumors were solid,with a mixture of yellow and white areas.Microscopic evaluation of resected specimens showed scattered cord-like structures of epithelial cells embedded within abundant fibrotic and hyaline stroma admixed with variable quantities of adipose tissue.One patient showed hyperplastic thymic tissue in a part of the tumor.CONCLUSION Thymic lipofibroadenomas are an extremely rare type of benign thymic tumor.Surgical removal of lipofibroadenomas is usually curative.展开更多
Objective:A high rate of unnecessary thymectomies has been reported.This study aimed to distinguish primary mediastinal lymphomas(PMLs)from thymic epithelial tumors(TETs)by evaluating volumetric and metabolic paramete...Objective:A high rate of unnecessary thymectomies has been reported.This study aimed to distinguish primary mediastinal lymphomas(PMLs)from thymic epithelial tumors(TETs)by evaluating volumetric and metabolic parameters with l8F-FDG PET/CT.Methods:A total of 136 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with TETs or PMLs were enrolled,and 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before therapy.Volumetric parameters,including the mean SUV(SUVmean),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),total lesion glycolysis(TLG),and SUVmax,were determined and compared between the 2 subtypes.The diagnostic performance of these parameters was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:All parameters significantly differed between patients with PMLs and TETs.Patients with lymphomas were younger and had higher SUVmean,SUVmax,TLG,and MTV values than patients with TETs.The MTV and TLG values had similar diagnostic performance.ROC analysis indicated that the areas under the curves of the SUVmean and SUVmax values performed similarly(approximately 0.76)in differentiating patients with PMLs from TETs,and both values were better than the MTV and TLG values.When age was included with the SUVmax in differentiating TETs from PMLs,the AUC was 0.91,and the sensitivity and specificity increased to 80%and 93%,respectively.Conclusions:The SUVmax and volumetric parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used to distinguish patients with PMLs versus TETs,and thus may aid in preventing unnecessary thymectomies or other invasive operations.展开更多
Thymic epithelial tumors(TETs) are uncommon neoplasms with a wide range of anatomical, clinical, histological and molecular malignant entities. To date the management of TETs within clinical practice is based on a mul...Thymic epithelial tumors(TETs) are uncommon neoplasms with a wide range of anatomical, clinical, histological and molecular malignant entities. To date the management of TETs within clinical practice is based on a multimodal therapeutic strategy including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy with a multidisciplinary approach and prognostic evaluation is mainly based on Masaoka staging and World Health Organization classification. Therefore novel strategies are needed, especially for refractory and/or recurrent TETs and for thymic carcinomas that present a poor prognosis. Personalized approaches are currely being developed and molecular targets are emerging from recent integrated genomic analyses. Targeted therapy will represent an important treatment option for TETs with an aggressive histology. To date, data indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor molecules, insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor, cyclin-dependent kinases and mammalian target of rapamycin may be potentially useful as targeted biological therapies.展开更多
Thymic epithelial tumours(TET)are rare,heterogeneous neoplasms that range from resectable indolent tumours to aggressive thymic carcinomas with a strong tendency to metastasize.The pathological diagnosis is complex,in...Thymic epithelial tumours(TET)are rare,heterogeneous neoplasms that range from resectable indolent tumours to aggressive thymic carcinomas with a strong tendency to metastasize.The pathological diagnosis is complex,in part due to the management of TETs is scant and mainly based on non-randomised studies and retrospective series.Consequently,the clinical management of TETs tends to be highly heterogenous,which makes it difficult to improve the evidence level.The role of technological advances in the field of radiotherapy and new systemic therapies in the treatment of TETs has received little attention to date.In the present clinical guidelines,developed by the GOECP/SEOR,we review recent developments in the diagnosis and classification of TETs.We also present a consensus-based therapeutic strategy for each disease stage that takes into consideration the best available evidence.These guidelines focus primarily on the role of radiotherapy,including recent advances,in the management of TETs.The main aim of this document is to promote the standardisation of clinical practice and lay the foundations for future studies to clarify the main unresolved questions related to the optimal management of TET.展开更多
The congenital thymic cysts are rare. They have a congenital origin and they are benign. The differential diagnosis of acquired cysts, cystic thymoma and thymic malignancies in cystic degeneration can be particularly ...The congenital thymic cysts are rare. They have a congenital origin and they are benign. The differential diagnosis of acquired cysts, cystic thymoma and thymic malignancies in cystic degeneration can be particularly difficult. Rarely, they assume clinical relevance for the appearance of symptoms of compression, more typical of malignant lesions, and the association with thymoma was reported in very few cases in literature. For all these features, treatment strategy remains controversial and in particular surgical approach. We report a case of a huge symptomatic congenital thymic cyst, surgically removed with histological finding of microscopic thymoma.展开更多
背景与目的胸腺肿瘤术后放疗尚存在争议,此研究目的为评价术后放疗在Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤中的作用。方法搜索中国胸腺瘤研究协作组(Chinese Alliance of Research for Thymomas,ChART)数据库中1994年至2012年接受手术切除未行新辅助治疗...背景与目的胸腺肿瘤术后放疗尚存在争议,此研究目的为评价术后放疗在Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤中的作用。方法搜索中国胸腺瘤研究协作组(Chinese Alliance of Research for Thymomas,ChART)数据库中1994年至2012年接受手术切除未行新辅助治疗的Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤患者的资料。对临床病理资料进行单因素、多因素分析,Cox比例风险模型用于决定死亡风险比。结果 ChART数据库中Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤共1,546例。其中649例(41.98%)接受术后放疗。术后放疗与性别、组织学类型(World Health Organization,WHO)、胸腺切除程度、是否完全切除、Masaoka-Koga分期及辅助化疗相关。手术后辅助放疗患者5年、10年总生存和无瘤生存分别为90%和80%、81%和63%,而单纯手术者5年、10年总生存和无瘤生存分别为96%和95%、92%和90%,两组生存有统计学差异(P=0.001,P<0.001)。单因素表明年龄、组织学分类(WHO)、Masaoka-Koga分期、是否完全切除和术后放疗与总生存相关。多因素分析提示组织学分类(WHO)(P=0.001)、Masaoka-Koga分期(P=0.029)和是否完全切除(P=0.003)是总生存的独立预后因素。单因素分析表明性别、重症肌无力、组织学分类、Masaoka-Koga分期、手术方式、术后放疗和是否完全切除与无瘤生存相关。多因素分析表明组织学类型(P<0.001)、Masaoka-Koga分期(P=0.005)和是否完全切除(P=0.006)是无瘤生存的独立预后因素。亚组分析表明不完全切除患者接受术后放疗可以提高总生存和无瘤生存(P=0.010,P=0.017)。然而,完全切除者接受术后放疗则会降低总生存和无瘤生存(P<0.001,P<0.001)。结论此回顾性研究表明不完全切除Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤患者术后放疗可以提高总生存和无瘤生存。但是,对于完全切除患者,术后放疗总体上并未显示出生存获益。展开更多
文摘Objective: To analyze the influencing factors for radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) in a panel of cases with malignant thymic tumors treated by radiotherapy. Methods: 52 consecutive patients were treated by radiotherapy for malignant thymic tumor (14 at Masaoka stage II, 23 at stage III and 15 at stage IV). Treatment included radical (in 20), postoperative (in 14), preoperative (in 2) and palliative (in 16) radiotherapy. The conventional two-dimension (2D) radiation therapy was performed in forty-seven patients and three-dimension (3D) conformal radiation therapy has been used in 5 patients since October 2000. The total tumor dose ranged from 10 Gy to 84.5 Gy (median of 55 Gy). Chemotherapy was given in twenty-five patients before or after radiotherapy. The results of following-up could be obtained from the database and updated where appropriated. The dose volume histogram (DVH) of heart in radiotherapy for all patients was analyzed for the effective volume dose of heart. Result: The median following-up was 14 months (ranged from 0.6 to 111.3 months) in the study. RIHD was observed in seven patients. Cardiac toxicity of these seven patients were evaluated as SOMA grade 1-3. The median two-third effective volume dose of heart was 47.2 Gy (ranged from 8.3 Gy to 70.1 Gy) for conventional 2D radiotherapy, which correlated with thymic tumor dose (P<0.0001). The median two-third effective volume dose of heart was 35.3 Gy (ranged from 13 Gy to 38.7 Gy) for 3D conformal radiotherapy. The effective volume doses of heart were decreased by using 3D conformal radiotherapy (P=0.048). A significant association between cardiac toxicity and effective volume dose of heart was found in this study (P<0.0001). Cardiac toxicity accounted for 10.4% and 4.1% of patients receiving and not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively, and occurred earlier in radiochemotherapy group (P=0.0528). Multivariate analysis suggested that cardiac toxicity was significantly influenced by the effective volume dose of heart and chemotherapy. Conclusion: the results indicate that decreasing the effective volume dose of heart and carefully using chemotherapy drugs that have significant cardiotoxicity may reduce the probability of radiation-induced heart disease.
文摘BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are lymphoid stromal hyperplasia and nodular arrangement of tumor epithelial cells.This type of tumor is rare;therefore,the corresponding clinical guidelines,histopathological diagnostic criteria,prognostic factors,and therapeutic regimens have not been established.CASE SUMMARY This study covers a novel presentation of MNC in a patient and summarizes the clinicopathological characteristics of this type of tumor by using pooled-analysis methods.Morphologically,this tumor type is a series of benign to malignant pedigrees.We establish the following criteria for the classification of micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma:(1)Tumor cells with moderate-to-severe dysplasia;(2)Tumor cell mitotic figures>2/10 high-power fields;(3)Appearance of neoplastic necrosis;(4)No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive immature T lymphocytes within the tumor;(5)Tumor cells with a Ki-67 index≥10%;and(6)Tumor cells express CD5.Cases that fall into the borders of two categories in terms of morphology are attributed to atypical MNT.It is proposed that the diagnosis of MNT should be established on the diagnostic criteria mentioned above.CONCLUSION Our diagnostic algorithm can effectively distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors and provides a potent basis for predicting a prognosis,which offers a practical reference for oncologists and pathologists.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning province,No.2020-MS-179。
文摘BACKGROUND Thymic lipofibroadenomas are extremely rare.In this study,we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of thymic lipofibroadenomas.CASE SUMMARY This study included three patients with thymic lipofibroadenomas.We retrospectively analyzed the patient data to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of thymic lipofibroadenomas.The study included one man and two women[mean age,43(33–59)years].All patients were non-smokers and presented with well-defined anterior mediastinal tumors.The cut surfaces of the tumors were solid,with a mixture of yellow and white areas.Microscopic evaluation of resected specimens showed scattered cord-like structures of epithelial cells embedded within abundant fibrotic and hyaline stroma admixed with variable quantities of adipose tissue.One patient showed hyperplastic thymic tissue in a part of the tumor.CONCLUSION Thymic lipofibroadenomas are an extremely rare type of benign thymic tumor.Surgical removal of lipofibroadenomas is usually curative.
基金the Tianjin Science and Technology Program Fund(grant No.18 PTZWHZ00100 and H2018206600).
文摘Objective:A high rate of unnecessary thymectomies has been reported.This study aimed to distinguish primary mediastinal lymphomas(PMLs)from thymic epithelial tumors(TETs)by evaluating volumetric and metabolic parameters with l8F-FDG PET/CT.Methods:A total of 136 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with TETs or PMLs were enrolled,and 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before therapy.Volumetric parameters,including the mean SUV(SUVmean),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),total lesion glycolysis(TLG),and SUVmax,were determined and compared between the 2 subtypes.The diagnostic performance of these parameters was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:All parameters significantly differed between patients with PMLs and TETs.Patients with lymphomas were younger and had higher SUVmean,SUVmax,TLG,and MTV values than patients with TETs.The MTV and TLG values had similar diagnostic performance.ROC analysis indicated that the areas under the curves of the SUVmean and SUVmax values performed similarly(approximately 0.76)in differentiating patients with PMLs from TETs,and both values were better than the MTV and TLG values.When age was included with the SUVmax in differentiating TETs from PMLs,the AUC was 0.91,and the sensitivity and specificity increased to 80%and 93%,respectively.Conclusions:The SUVmax and volumetric parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used to distinguish patients with PMLs versus TETs,and thus may aid in preventing unnecessary thymectomies or other invasive operations.
文摘Thymic epithelial tumors(TETs) are uncommon neoplasms with a wide range of anatomical, clinical, histological and molecular malignant entities. To date the management of TETs within clinical practice is based on a multimodal therapeutic strategy including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy with a multidisciplinary approach and prognostic evaluation is mainly based on Masaoka staging and World Health Organization classification. Therefore novel strategies are needed, especially for refractory and/or recurrent TETs and for thymic carcinomas that present a poor prognosis. Personalized approaches are currely being developed and molecular targets are emerging from recent integrated genomic analyses. Targeted therapy will represent an important treatment option for TETs with an aggressive histology. To date, data indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor molecules, insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor, cyclin-dependent kinases and mammalian target of rapamycin may be potentially useful as targeted biological therapies.
文摘Thymic epithelial tumours(TET)are rare,heterogeneous neoplasms that range from resectable indolent tumours to aggressive thymic carcinomas with a strong tendency to metastasize.The pathological diagnosis is complex,in part due to the management of TETs is scant and mainly based on non-randomised studies and retrospective series.Consequently,the clinical management of TETs tends to be highly heterogenous,which makes it difficult to improve the evidence level.The role of technological advances in the field of radiotherapy and new systemic therapies in the treatment of TETs has received little attention to date.In the present clinical guidelines,developed by the GOECP/SEOR,we review recent developments in the diagnosis and classification of TETs.We also present a consensus-based therapeutic strategy for each disease stage that takes into consideration the best available evidence.These guidelines focus primarily on the role of radiotherapy,including recent advances,in the management of TETs.The main aim of this document is to promote the standardisation of clinical practice and lay the foundations for future studies to clarify the main unresolved questions related to the optimal management of TET.
文摘The congenital thymic cysts are rare. They have a congenital origin and they are benign. The differential diagnosis of acquired cysts, cystic thymoma and thymic malignancies in cystic degeneration can be particularly difficult. Rarely, they assume clinical relevance for the appearance of symptoms of compression, more typical of malignant lesions, and the association with thymoma was reported in very few cases in literature. For all these features, treatment strategy remains controversial and in particular surgical approach. We report a case of a huge symptomatic congenital thymic cyst, surgically removed with histological finding of microscopic thymoma.
文摘背景与目的胸腺肿瘤术后放疗尚存在争议,此研究目的为评价术后放疗在Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤中的作用。方法搜索中国胸腺瘤研究协作组(Chinese Alliance of Research for Thymomas,ChART)数据库中1994年至2012年接受手术切除未行新辅助治疗的Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤患者的资料。对临床病理资料进行单因素、多因素分析,Cox比例风险模型用于决定死亡风险比。结果 ChART数据库中Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤共1,546例。其中649例(41.98%)接受术后放疗。术后放疗与性别、组织学类型(World Health Organization,WHO)、胸腺切除程度、是否完全切除、Masaoka-Koga分期及辅助化疗相关。手术后辅助放疗患者5年、10年总生存和无瘤生存分别为90%和80%、81%和63%,而单纯手术者5年、10年总生存和无瘤生存分别为96%和95%、92%和90%,两组生存有统计学差异(P=0.001,P<0.001)。单因素表明年龄、组织学分类(WHO)、Masaoka-Koga分期、是否完全切除和术后放疗与总生存相关。多因素分析提示组织学分类(WHO)(P=0.001)、Masaoka-Koga分期(P=0.029)和是否完全切除(P=0.003)是总生存的独立预后因素。单因素分析表明性别、重症肌无力、组织学分类、Masaoka-Koga分期、手术方式、术后放疗和是否完全切除与无瘤生存相关。多因素分析表明组织学类型(P<0.001)、Masaoka-Koga分期(P=0.005)和是否完全切除(P=0.006)是无瘤生存的独立预后因素。亚组分析表明不完全切除患者接受术后放疗可以提高总生存和无瘤生存(P=0.010,P=0.017)。然而,完全切除者接受术后放疗则会降低总生存和无瘤生存(P<0.001,P<0.001)。结论此回顾性研究表明不完全切除Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期胸腺肿瘤患者术后放疗可以提高总生存和无瘤生存。但是,对于完全切除患者,术后放疗总体上并未显示出生存获益。
