Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: Literature Review

The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is frequently seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT), usually the identification is accidental. The overall prevalence of malignancy is relatively low but identification of malignancy of nodule is of prime importance. There are different characters of nodules indicating malignancy, and also the exposure of person to risk factors increases the chances of malignancy of nodule. Chances of malignancy rise with increasing size, the irregular, lobulated border of the nodules is highly associated with higher probability of malignancy and nodules with pure ground grass appearance have higher probability of malignancy, irregularly marginated nodule displaying a corona radiata sign indicating neoplastic infiltration with distortion of neighbouring tissue is almost certainly a malignant nodule. Stippled, punctuate, and eccentric calcifications are suggestive of malignancy. There are 20% - 75% of chances of malignancy if nodule is appeared with ground-glass opacity. Malignant nodules have higher growth rate as compared with benign nodules, malignant nodules usually have doubling time (DT) of 30 - 400 days while DT of more than 450 days is sign of benignity whereas doubling time less than 30 days is usually acute infectious process. The presence of fat within nodule is sign of benignity. Increasing density of the nodule is suggestive of malignancy and requires shorter follow up. Besides the nodule evaluation the chances of malignancy can also be evaluated through the exposure of patient to risk factors like age, current and past smoking status and history of extra thoracic malignancy. The management depends upon various factors mainly three strategies are applied for management including careful observation of nodule, use of diagnostic techniques like CT FNA, PET, and broncoscopy and surgery.

Difference in microvascular structure between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and its relationship with CT enhancement

Objective: To investigate the enhancement basis and the mechanisms of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) by comparing the differences in microvascular structure between benign and malignant lesions. Methods: Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed on 53 patients with SPNs (diameter<3 cm. 38 peripheral lung cancers, 5 hamartomas, 10 inflammatory lesions) using a Siemens Plus S or a Marconi MX8000 multi-slices spiral CT scanner. The time-attenuation curves were interpreted. The microvascular density (MVD) and the continuity of the microvessels' basemental membrane in the dissected specimens were observed with the ABC (avidin-biotin-complex) immuno-histochemical method in all patients. ResultS:The CT enhancement values of lung cancer (49. 05±16. 08 HU) and inflammatory lesions (49. 59±21. 30 HU) were significantly higher than those of hamartoma (8. 98±4. 56 HU) (t = 7. 48. P<0. 05; t = 8. 35, P<0. 05). But the enhancement of lung cancer was similar to that of inflammatory lesions (t = 0. 76. P>0. 05). The time-attenuation curve of inflammatory lesions tended to increase faster and reached a higher peak compared to the lung cancer, and both of them maintained a high plateau after crossing. The hamartoma showed a slight increase in the time-attenuation curve and demonstrated a low-plateau curve. The MVD of SPNs was positively correlated with CT enhancement (r=0. 8051). The microvascular counts of peripheral lung cancer (48. 45±10. 09) and inflammatory lesions (19. 60±19. 94) were significantly higher than those of hamartoma (8.70±7.30) (t = 11.64, P<0.001;t = 6. 09. P< 0. 001). but no significant difference was found between lung cancer and inflammatory lesions (t= -0. 26, P = (). 799). There was no difference in the continuity of basement membrane between nodules with an enhancement less than 30 HU and those with an enhancement higher than 30HU (x2 = 3. 13, P>0. 05 ). Conclusion: The microvascular counts mainly contribute to the enhancement value of SPNs. The basement membrane is not related to nodule enhancement, but it might influence the pattern of the time-attenuation curve.

Clinical study of preoperative fT4/fT3 quotient and thyroid function test in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules

Objective:To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of thyroid nodules and to explore the related risk factors of malignant thyroid nodules.Methods: According to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, a total of 283 patients with thyroid nodules during January 2015 and December 2017 were divided into benign group (benign nodule,n =172) and malignant group (malignant nodule,n = 111) based on postoperative histopathological results. The age, sex, serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free three iodine thyroxine (fT3) and fT4/ fT3 ratio were subjected to univariate analysis, and the risk factors of malignant thyroid nodule were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed that age, TgAb, fT4 (P < 0.05) and fT4/ fT3 quotient (P < 0.01) were significantly different between the two groups. The fT4/fT3 quotient is a risk factor of malignant nodules. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of malignant thyroid nodule were age (0R: 0.934,95% CI:0.911-0.957), TgAb(0R: 2.069,95% CI: 1.008-4.247) and fT4 (0R: 1.206,95% CI: 1.038-1.401).Conclusion: The fT4/fT3 quotient has important diagnostic value in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. When fT4 / fT3 > 3, it increases the risk of malignancy. The age, TgAb and fT4 are independent risk factors for malignant thyroid nodule, which is of great value in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the detection and characterization of solid pancreatic nodules: An update

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the pancreas. The remaining pancreatic tumors are a diverse group of pancreatic neoplasms that comprises cystic pancreatic neoplasms, endocrine tumors and other uncommon pancreatic tumors. Due to the excellent soft tissue contrast resolution, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is frequently able to readily separate cystic from noncystic tumors. Cystic tumors are often easy to diagnose with MRI; however, noncystic non-adenocarcinoma tumors may show a wide spectrum of imaging features, which can potentially mimic ductal adenocarcinoma. MRI is a reliable technique for the characterization of pancreatic lesions. The implementation of novel motionresistant pulse sequences and respiratory gating techniques, as well as the recognized benefits of MR cholangiopancreatography, make MRI a very accurate examination for the evaluation of pancreatic masses. MRI has the distinctive ability of non-invasive assessment of the pancreatic ducts, pancreatic parenchyma, neighbouring soft tissues, and vascular network in one examination. MRI can identify different characteristics of various solid pancreatic lesions, potentially allowing the differentiation of adenocarcinoma from other benign and malignant entities. In this review we describe the MRI protocols and MRI characteristics of various solid pancreatic lesions. Recognition of these characteristics may establish the right diagnosis or at least narrow the differential diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary tests or procedures and permitting better management.

高分辨率CT用于肺部小结节良恶性鉴别诊断的效果分析

目的分析高分辨率CT对肺部小结节良恶性的鉴别诊断效果。方法选取2021年2月至2023年4月我院收治的肺部小结节患者96例,均予以常规CT及高分辨率CT检查,评估图像质量,以最终手术病理结果为依据,分别进行两种检查方法与手术病理结果的一致性分析,比较两种检查方式的诊断效能。结果高分辨率CT图像质量优良率显著高于常规CT(P<0.05)。96例患者经手术病理检查确诊为肺癌阳性70例,阴性26例;高分辨率CT与手术病理诊断结果的一致性较好(κ=0.906,P<0.001);常规CT与手术病理诊断结果的一致性一般(κ=0.729,P<0.001)。高分辨率CT的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为97.14%、92.31%、95.83%,显著高于常规CT的80.00%、50.00%、71.88%(P<0.05)。结论与常规CT相比,高分辨率CT在肺部小结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的图像质量更佳,诊断效能更好,值得临床应用。

肺癌七项自身抗体联合检测在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨肺癌七项自身抗体检测在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法选取肺癌患者45例作为观察组,另选同期收治的良性肺结节患者45例作为对照组,所有患者均采集血液进行抑癌基因53(p53)、干细胞转录因子2(SOX2)、肿瘤睾丸抗原7(GAGE7)、蛋白基因产物9.5(PGP9.5)、人癌抗原(Cage)、黑色素瘤抗原A1(MAGEA1)、肿瘤抗原4-5(Gbu4-5)检测,比较2组各抗体间差异;并依据肺癌肿瘤分期分为Ⅰ~Ⅱ、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者,比较2组各抗体间水平差异;绘制ROC曲线,分析各抗体及联合检测鉴别诊断良恶性肺结节的临床价值。结果观察组p53、SOX2、GAGE7、PGP9.5、Cage、MAGEA1、Gbu4-5水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。45例肺癌患者中Ⅰ~Ⅱ期29例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期16例;Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者p53、SOX2、GAGE7、PGP9.5、Cage、MAGEA1、Gbu4-5水平高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线显示,联合肺癌七项自身抗体检测鉴别诊断肺结节良恶性价值更高。结论肺癌七项自身抗体检测在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中价值高,可提高诊断灵敏度及特异度,有助于后续针对性治疗工作的开展。

乳腺超声BI-RADS 4类在乳腺癌患者良恶性鉴别中的应用

目的:探讨乳腺超声BI-RADS 4类在乳腺癌患者良恶性鉴别中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2023年1月—10月在盐城市妇幼保健院治疗的50例乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)4类乳腺结节患者的临床资料,均实施乳腺超声检查,以病理检查结果为金标准,分析乳腺超声对乳腺结节良恶性的诊断效能,对比良恶性结节的超声征象。结果:病理结果显示,恶性14例,良性36例;乳腺超声检查显示,恶性15例,良性35例,乳腺超声检查的灵敏度为85.71%、特异度为91.67%、准确率为90.00%,Kappa值=0.849,与病理检查结果一致性良好;恶性结节与良性结节在年龄、单发或多发、内部回声、后方回声方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但恶性结节直径大于良性结节,且形态、边缘、高回声声晕、微钙化、汇聚征、弹性评分、血流分布等与良性结节相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺超声BI-RADS 4类在乳腺良恶性鉴别中的应用效果显著,良恶性病灶具有不同的超声影像特征,能提高对乳腺癌的诊断效能。

MSCT在孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值分析

目的探究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断价值。方法选取河南科技大学附属许昌市中心医院2021年1月至2023年1月收入孤立性肺结节总计72例,所有患者入院后均接受常规CT及MSCT检查,并以病理检查结果作为诊断金标准,分析MSCT在孤立性肺结节诊断效能以及良性结节与恶性结节CT征象特征。结果72例孤立性结节患者经病理检查,结果显示良性结节51例(70.83%)、恶性结节21例(29.17%)。MSCT的诊断准确率、特异性(93.06%、94.12%),高于常规CT(79.17%、80.39%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恶性结节中钙化(14.29%)低于良性结节(39.22%),恶性结节中分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征(85.71%、76.19%、71.43%),高于良性结节(13.73%、15.69%、7.84%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而良性结节与恶性结节在空泡征对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);恶性结节中常规CT、MSCT中定量参数增强峰值(PH)、孤立性肺结节与主动脉强化峰值的比值(S_(PH)/A_(PH))均高于良性结节,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MSCT应用于孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中具有较高准确性,同时良恶性结节CT征象上差异显著,为临床早期鉴别诊断提供合理依据,医师能依据诊断结果制定出合理治疗方案。

CT纹理分析技术在孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的研究进展

肺癌是一种常见且致命的恶性肿瘤,早期阶段在CT扫描图像上发现孤立性肺结节(Solitary Pulmonary Nodule,SPN)是其主要特征之一。肺结节的早期发现和诊断对于最佳临床治疗至关重要,然而使用常规CT成像区分良性结节和恶性结节通常具有挑战性。虽然CT仍然是临床实践中最常用的诊断工具,但其识别SPN形态特征的能力有限,一些结节仍然难以定性诊断。CT纹理分析(CT Texture Analysis,CTTA)是一种新兴的图像后处理技术,通过定量提取病变中的纹理特征参数进行分析,为区分良性和恶性SPN提供了一种新方法。本文总结关于CTTA在识别良恶性SPN方面的诊断潜力的研究进展,以期为良恶性SPN的诊断提供一定的参考价值。

C-TIRADS分类联合剪切波弹性成像鉴别诊断不同大小甲状腺结节的临床价值

目的 探讨C-TIRADS分类联合剪切波弹性成像(SWE)鉴别诊断不同大小甲状腺结节良恶性的临床价值。方法 选取经病理确诊的甲状腺结节患者139例(共139个结节),根据结节大小分为最大径≤10 mm组(58个结节)和最大径>10 mm组(81个结节)。术前均行常规超声检查并进行C-TIRADS分类;SWE获得结节杨氏模量最大值(Emax)和平均值(Emean),比较两组SWE参数的差异。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析C-TIRADS分类、SWE定量参数单独及联合应用鉴别不同大小甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断效能。结果 C-TIRADS分类诊断最大径≤10 mm组结节良性19个,恶性39个;诊断最大径>10 mm组结节良性50个,恶性31个。最大径≤10 mm组、最大径>10 mm组中良性结节与恶性结节Emax、Emean比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,C-TIRADS分类联合Emax鉴别最大径≤10 mm结节良恶性的AUC为0.950,均大于二者单独应用(0.866、0.840),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);C-TIRADS分类联合Emax鉴别最大径>10 mm结节良恶性的AUC为0.952,大于Emax(0.777),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与C-TIRADS分类(0.932)比较差异无统计学意义。C-TIRADS 4A类结节中有5个经病理确诊为恶性,其中4个结节的Emax均大于截断值。结论 C-TIRADS分类联合SWE可提高对最大径≤10 mm甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断效能,SWE可优化C-TIRADS 4A类结节的诊断准确率。

SWE联合SMI在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨剪切波弹性成像(SWE)联合超微血管成像(SMI)技术在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中应用的准确性与可行性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月我院超声科检出甲状腺结节并接受超声引导细针抽吸活检或术后组织病理完善的190例患者为研究对象,共检出224个甲状腺结节(病理学明确诊断良性结节74个,恶性结节150个)。患者甲状腺均进行超声、SWE和SMI检查,并计算组织杨氏模量相关参数以及微细血流、穿支血管情况。以组织病理结果作为金标准构建受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,分析SWE联合SMI对甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断的效果,比较不同检查方法在甲状腺结节诊断中的效能差异。结果甲状腺良性与恶性结节内部成分、回声、边缘、钙化、纵横比比较均有统计学差异(均P<0.05),但二者平均直径比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与甲状腺恶性结节比较,甲状腺良性结节弹性最大值、弹性均值、弹性比率、微血流评分、剪切波峰值速度、剪切波平均速度差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,弹性最大值曲线下面积最大,截断值为29.52 kPa;微血流评分截断值为2.3分。诊断效能分析结果显示,SWE联合SMI的灵敏度与特异度最高,分别为94.67%、94.59%。结论SWE联合SMI可进一步提高甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断效能,并可实现病灶的量化评估与动态观察,具有应用及推广价值。

细针穿刺病理检查鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的价值及其穿刺标本质量的影响因素分析

目的:探讨超声引导下的细针穿刺病理检查对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别价值,并分析其穿刺标本质量的影响因素。方法:收集2017年01月至2021年12月于我院行甲状腺结节细针穿刺活检的577例患者临床资料,其中79例(100个结节)接受了甲状腺手术切除并获得组织学病理结果,以手术病理学结果为诊断金标准,分析超声引导下细针穿刺病理检查对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别价值,采用二元logistics回归系数分析其标本质量的影响因素。结果:细针穿刺活检恶性病变敏感性为98.48%,特异性为91.18%,准确性为96.00%。细针穿刺活检病理检查与组织学病理检查病理分型结果一致性显示,Kappa值为0.914(P<0.05)。与非优良组相比,优良组诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性更高(P<0.05)。与诊断优良组相比,非优良组>1 cm占比更少,存在钙化占比更多(P<0.05);优良组穿刺标本细胞数量更充足,细胞蜡块制备效果更佳。二元logistics回归系数分析显示,最大直径、钙化是细针穿刺标本质量的重要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:超声引导下细针穿刺病理检查对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别及病理分型均体现较高临床价值;高质量样本有助于提高细针穿刺诊断结节良恶性的特异性、敏感性和准确性,最大直径、钙化是穿刺标本质量的影响因素。

基于超声图像评估甲状腺和乳腺病变的通用计算方法

甲状腺和乳腺病变是影响女性身心健康的两类常见疾病。为了深入挖掘两类病变在超声图像上的个性差异和共性特征,提出一种通用的计算方法识别甲状腺和乳腺病变。先利用小波包变换将超声图像分解为4个子图;再借助灰度共生矩阵提取不含高频噪声的3个子图的纹理特征;最后利用最大相关最小冗余算法筛选特征,输入4种机器学习模型,完成甲状腺、乳腺结节良恶二分类和四分类。将方法应用于来自不同平台的甲状腺和乳腺超声图像,随机排列交叉验证二分类AUC达到0.88~0.99,准确率ACC达到0.84~0.98,均优于已有研究结果;四分类AUC达到0.95~0.97,ACC达到0.88~0.92,优于深度残差网络ResNet50。基于甲状腺(乳腺)图像训练的四种模型在交叉识别乳腺(甲状腺)良恶结节方面也取得了理想的分类结果,进一步验证了所提方法的稳定性和通用性。同时,T检验结果显示:甲状腺和乳腺恶性结节超声图像的近似子图存在非常显著的纹理差异,垂直细节子图展示出6个潜在的共性特征。

乳腺结节恶性风险列线图预测模型的构建与验证

目的:基于多模态超声技术分析乳腺癌的独立危险因素,构建乳腺结节恶性风险列线图预测模型,评估模型的预测价值,指导临床制定更有效的乳腺癌筛查策略。方法:前瞻性收集2021年5月至2023年12月川北医学院附属医院超声BI-RADS分类3~5类且均经病理证实的乳腺结节患者228例(共230个结节),其中良性组146个,恶性组84个。通过单因素分析筛选指标,绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC)评价各指标的诊断效能。将表现较好的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归并构建乳腺结节恶性风险列线图预测模型。行Bootstrap法对模型进行验证,使用一致性指数(C-index)、校正曲线和决策曲线评价模型的预测效能和临床获益率。结果:单因素初筛显示,血流参数中AP分型与RI对乳腺癌的诊断效能较高,与CDFI分级、AP分级、PSV的AUC两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。SWE相关参数中Emax对乳腺癌的诊断效能最好,与SWE分型、Emean的AUC比较,差异均具有统计学意义(Z=2.742、3.174,均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,年龄、BI-RADS、AP分型、RI、Emax可作为独立危险因素纳入乳腺癌预测列线图模型的构建。模型的C-index为0.996,对模型行内部验证后校正的C-index为0.992。校正曲线显示,模型的预测概率与实际概率之间存在良好的一致性。决策曲线显示模型的阈概率为0~1.0时,患者可获得正的净收益。结论:基于年龄、BI-RADS、RI、AP分型、Emax构建的多模态超声列线图模型可有效预测乳腺结节良恶性,具有良好的临床应用价值。多模态超声列线图的可视化展现有助于指导临床制定更合理的乳腺癌筛查策略,便于乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断,提高患者的生存率和生活质量。

常规超声联合超声造影在不同大小乳腺结节诊断中的应用价值

背景超声(ultrasound,US)和超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)是乳腺结节常用的诊断方法,US联合CEUS对不同大小的乳腺结节诊断效能不同,对<1.0 cm乳腺结节的诊断效能尚不清楚。目的分析US联合CEUS对不同大小乳腺结节的诊断效能。方法回顾性收集2021年1月—2022年12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心超声诊断科进行过乳腺US、CEUS检查并有明确良恶性病理结果的847例患者的临床资料和超声图像。按大小将结节分为3组:组1大小≤1.0 cm,组2大小1.0~2.0 cm,组3大小>2.0 cm。比较3组乳腺结节的CEUS特征以及US联合CEUS对乳腺结节的诊断效能。结果847例患者均为女性,年龄18~75岁,平均年龄45岁。所有病变的平均大小为1.9 cm,范围为0.3~13.9 cm。≤1.0 cm组194例(良性148例,恶性46例)、1.0~2.0 cm组358例(良性220例,恶性138例)、>2.0 cm组295例(良性135例,恶性160例)病变。恶性病变的CEUS特征表现为向心性增强、高增强、不均匀增强、边界不清晰、形态不规则、增强范围扩大和放射状增强。不同大小恶性乳腺病变的CEUS特征(增强均匀性、有无充盈缺损和消退时间)存在差异,US联合CEUS对3组乳腺结节的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.844、0.932、0.928,其中≤1 cm组的曲线下面积明显低于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论不同大小的乳腺病变超声造影特征不同。常规超声联合超声造影对不同大小的乳腺病变诊断效能存在差异,对>1.0 cm的病灶诊断效能较高。

Comparison of three mathematical prediction models in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule

Background： Effective methods for managing patients with solitary pulmonary nodules（SPNs） depend critically on the predictive probability of malignancy.Methods： Between July 2009 and June 2011, data on gender, age, cancer history, tumor familial history, smoking status, tumor location, nodule size, spiculation, calcification, the tumor border, and the final pathological diagnosis were collected retrospectively from 154 surgical patients with an SPN measuring 3-30 mm. Each final diagnosis was compared with the probability calculated by three predicted models—the Mayo, VA, and Peking University（PU） models. The accuracy of each model was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristics（ROC） and calibration curves.Results： The area under the ROC curve of the PU model [0.800; 95% confidence interval（CI）： 0.708-0.891] was higher than that of the Mayo model（0.753; 95% CI： 0.650-0.857） or VA model（0.728; 95% CI： 0.623-0.833）; however, this finding was not statistically significant. To varying degrees, calibration curves showed that all three models overestimated malignancy.Conclusions： The three predicted models have similar accuracy for prediction of SPN malignancy, although the accuracy is not sufficient. For Chinese patients, the PU model may has greater predictive power.Background： Here, we introduced our short experience on the application of a new CUSA Excel ultrasonic aspiration system, which was provided by Integra Lifesciences corporation, in skull base meningiomas resection.Methods： Ten patients with anterior, middle skull base and sphenoid ridge meningioma were operated using the CUSA Excel ultrasonic aspiration system at the Neurosurgery Department of Shanghai Huashan Hospital from August 2014 to October 2014. There were six male and four female patients, aged from 38 to 61 years old（the mean age was 48.5 years old）. Five cases with tumor located at anterior skull base, three cases with tumor on middle skull base, and two cases with tumor on sphenoid ridge.Results： All the patents received total resection of meningiomas with the help of this new tool, and the critical brain vessels and nerves were preserved during operations. All the patients recovered well after operation.Conclusions： This new CUSA Excel ultrasonic aspiration system has the advantage of preserving vital brain arteries and cranial nerves during skull base meningioma resection, which is very important for skull base tumor operations. This key step would ensure a well prognosis for patients. We hope the neurosurgeons would benefit from this kind of technique.Background： The purposes of this study were to explore the effects of high mobility group protein box 1（HMGB1） gene on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of glioma cells, with an attempt to provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioma. Methods： The expressions of HMGB1 in glioma cells（U251, U-87 MG and LN-18） and one control cell line（SVG p12） were detected by real time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Then, the effects of HMGB1 on the biological behaviors of glioma cells were detected： the expression of HMGB1 in human glioma cell lines U251 and U-87 MG were suppressed using RNAi technique, then the influences of HMGB1 on the viability, cycle, apoptosis, and invasion abilities of U251 and U-87 MG cells were analyzed using in a Transwell invasion chamber. Also, the effects of HMGB1 on the expressions of cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, and MMP 9 were detected. Results： As shown by real-time PCR and Western blotting, the expression of HMGB1 significantly increased in glioma cells（U251, U-87 MG, and LN-18） in comparison with the control cell line（SVG p12）; the vitality, proliferation and invasive capabilities of U251 and U-87 MG cells in the HMGB1 siR NA-transfected group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and negative control（NC） siR NA group（P〈0.05） but showed no significant difference between the blank control group and NC siR NA group. The percentage of apoptotic U251 and U-87 MG cells was significantly higher in the HMGB1 siR NA-transfected group than in the blank control group and NC siR NA group（P〈0.05） but was similar between the latter two groups. The HMGB1 siR NA-transfected group had significantly lower expression levels of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 protein in U251 and U-87 MG cells and significantly higher expression of Bax protein than in the blank control group and NC siR NA group（P〈0.05）; the expression profiles of cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, and MMP 9 showed no significant change in both blank control group and NC siR NA group. Conclusions： HMGB1 gene may promote the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and suppress its effects of apoptosis. Inhibition of the expression of HMGB1 gene can suppress the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and promote their apoptosis. Our observations provided a new target for intervention and treatment of glioma.

双源CT联合血清CYFRA21-1在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨双源CT联合血清细胞角蛋白19片段抗原(CYFRA21-1)在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选取106例肺结节患者的临床资料,根据病理结果将患者分为良性组32例和恶性组74例,均行双源CT检查以及血清CYFRA21-1水平检测,比较两组碘增加值(Overlay)、标准化碘含量(NIC)、能谱曲线斜率(K)及血清CYFRA21-1水平,分析其与肺结节良恶性的关系,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)。结果恶性组Overlay、CYFRA21-1水平高于良性组,NIC、K低于良性组,Logistic回归分析证实双源CT检查参数Overlay、NIC、K以及血清CYFRA21-1均为恶性肺结节的独立影响因素(P<0.05);ROC分析显示Overlay、NIC、K、CYFRA21-1联合鉴别诊断与单独鉴别诊断相比较,联合诊断的曲线下面积(AUC)、特异度更高(AUC_(联合)0.914,AUC_(Overlay)0.607,AUC_(NIC)0.890,AUC_(K)0.763,AUC_(CYFRA21-1)0.898,特异度联合92.06%,特异度Overlay65.62%,特异度NIC=63.49%,特异度K71.87%,特异度CYFRA21-190.48%,P<0.05)。结论双源CT联合血清CYFRA21-1可提高对肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的敏感度及特异度。

探究高分辨率CT征象对GGN患者良恶性的临床诊断价值

目的探究高分辨率CT征象对肺部磨玻璃结节(GGN)患者良恶性的临床诊断价值。方法82例GGN患者,根据肿瘤良恶性分为良性组(8例)和恶性组(74例)。所有患者均行高分辨率CT检查。比较两组高分辨率CT影像学特征(病灶大小、病灶形状、分叶征、毛刺征、界面、囊状透光影、空泡征、支气管征、血管集束征、密度、胸膜凹陷征),采用多因素Logistic回归分析恶性GGN患者的影像学危险因素,同时分析影像学检测对恶性GGN的诊断价值。结果两组病灶大小、病灶形状、空泡征、支气管征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征比较,无明显差异(P>0.05)。恶性组患者有分叶征55例、有毛刺征56例、有囊状透光影54例、界面清楚光整45例、界面清楚毛躁20例、界面模糊9例、密度为密度均匀的纯磨玻璃结节(pGGN)20例,良性组分别为1、2、1、1、1、6、6例,比较差异较大(P<0.05)。Logistic回归模型显示分叶征、毛刺征、囊状透光影、界面和密度是恶性GGN的影响因素(P<0.05)。高分辨率CT检测对恶性GGN的诊断价值最高的为分叶征,最低的为界面。结论对于GGN患者应用高分辨率CT检查,判别其良恶性效果较好,且分叶征诊断价值最高,可为临床诊断鉴别提供参考。

DCE-MRI定量参数联合小视野弥散加权成像对甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别的价值

目的探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging,DCE-MRI)定量参数联合小视野弥散加权成像在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别中的应用价值。材料与方法收集2022年1月至2023年10月于滨州医学院附属医院诊治并经手术病理证实为甲状腺结节的患者38例(52个结节),将其分为良性结节组和恶性结节组。术前患者均行3.0 T MRI扫描,包括常规MRI、小视野弥散加权成像(b值取0、800 s/mm^(2))和DCE-MRI检查,并测量其表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值和DCE-MRI定量参数,包括对比剂容积转运常数(volume transport constant,K^(trans))、速率常数(rate constant,K_(ep))、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数(extravascular extracellular volume fraction,V_(e))。对甲状腺良恶性结节组的ADC、K_(ep)、V_(e)、K^(trans)采用独立样本t检验分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,后将差异有统计学意义的变量进行逐步logistic回归模型分析,得到甲状腺良恶性结节的独立预测因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析ADC、K^(trans)独立诊断模型及ADC与K^(trans)联合诊断模型的诊断效能。结果良性结节组平均ADC值、K^(trans)值、K_(ep)值分别为(1.659±0.370)×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s、(0.427±0.214)min^(-1)、(0.966±0.225)min^(-1),恶性结节组平均ADC值、K^(trans)值、K_(ep)值分别为(1.182±0.195)×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s、(0.178±0.073)min^(-1)、(0.600±0.248)min^(-1)。良性结节组的ADC、K^(trans)、K_(ep)值均高于恶性结节组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。经过独立样本t检验及逐步logistic回归分析显示,ADC值和K^(trans)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),是鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的独立预测因子。单独ADC值曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.915、单独K^(trans)值AUC为0.827。ADC值与K^(trans)联合诊断模型AUC为0.973,较二者单独应用明显增高,联合诊断模型诊断效能最高。经DeLong检验,联合诊断模型与单独K^(trans)诊断差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。ADC值与K^(trans)联合诊断模型在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中敏感度为97.3%,较ADC、K^(trans)更高,特异度为84.6%,较ADC值更高。结论ADC值和K^(trans)是鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的重要参数,两者联合诊断可提高临床诊断准确性,为术前诊断提供重要依据。

肺结节人工智能评估危险度辅助人工阅片的应用价值

目的 探讨基于CT图像的人工智能(AI)在肺结节筛查和评估危险度的临床应用价值。方法 选取2022年1月~2022年12月在国药葛洲坝中心医院接受手术或穿刺并进行病理检查的肺结节患者100例。AI和医师分别进行结节诊断,比较A组(人工诊断,n=98)、B组(AI诊断,n=99)和C组(人工+AI联合诊断,n=99)的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值与准确率。以病理结果作为“金标准”,分析AI辅助医师预测良恶性的价值。结果 A与B组评估肺结节危险度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组的敏感度(98.75%)、阴性预测值(91.67%)和准确性(90.00%)优于A、B组。C组可明显提高诊断效能,优于A和B组单独阅片,且诊断与病理结果有较好一致性(Kappa值=0.632,P<0.01)。结论 基于AI的肺结节筛查和评级能够明显提高敏感度及准确率,并降低漏诊率,对于辅助影像诊断医生的阅片具有显著的临床价值。AI评估危险度辅助人工阅片肺结节的良恶性预判中同样具备较好的参考及临床应用价值。