Prediction of cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma by sonographic features of the primary site

Objective: To study the sonographic features of the primary site of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) for the prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis during preoperative diagnosis.Methods: A total of 710 PTMC patients between 2013 and 2016 with a diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases were reviewed.We analyzed the sonographic features of the PTMC primary site to predict ipsilateral or central lymph node metastases in univariate and multivariate models.The ratio of abutment/perimeter of the PTMC primary site was utilized to evaluate cervical lymph node status.Results: Regarding clinical characteristics, multifocality and extrathyroidal extension were associated with cervical lymph node involvement.In the multivariate regression model, calcification and the abutment/perimeter ratio of lesions were evaluated as independent factors in level Ⅵ, ipsilateral or skip cervical lymph node metastases.The cut-off value of the ratio of abutment/perimeter of the PTMC primary site(25%) was significantly correlated with cervical lymph node metastases(P = 0.000).Conclusions: Independent sonographic features, including lesion size, lesion location, calcification, and the ratio of abutment/perimeter of the primary site, were associated with cervical lymph node metastases in PTMC patients.

Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with elastography in evaluating cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND Cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) affects the treatment and prognosis of patients. Ultrasound is a common imaging method for detecting cervical lymph nodes in PTC patients; however, it is not accurate in determining lymph node metastasis.AIM To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with elastography in evaluating cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC.METHODS A total of 94 patients with PTC were recruited. According to pathological results,lymph nodes were divided into two groups: metastatic group(n = 50) and reactive group(n = 63). The routine ultrasound findings, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography data were recorded and compared. Logistic regression was used to generate predictive probability distributions for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis with different indicators. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to test the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with elastography based on routine ultrasound in evaluating PTC cervical lymph node metastasis.RESULTS The ratio of long diameter/short diameter(L/S) ≤ 2, irregular marginal morphology, missing lymphatic portal, peripheral or mixed blood flow distribution, peak intensity(PI), non-uniform contrast distribution and elasticity score in the metastatic group were significantly higher than those in the reactive group(P < 0.05). L/S ratio, missing lymphatic portal, PI and elasticity score had a significant influence on the occurrence of PTC cervical lymph node metastasis(P< 0.05). Furthermore, the area under the curve(AUC) for lymph node metastasis diagnosed using the combination of PI ratio, elasticity score, missing lymphatic portal and LS was 0.936, which was significantly higher than the AUC for PI ratio alone. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The fitting equation for the combined diagnosis was logit(P) =-12.341 + 1.482 × L/S ratio + 3.529 ×missing lymphatic portal + 0.392 × PI + 3.288 × elasticity score.CONCLUSION Based on the gray-scale ultrasound, the combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography can accurately assess PTC cervical lymph node metastasis.

Clinical and Sonographic Assessment of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in clinical and sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma（PTC） between cervical lymph node metastatic（CLNM） and nonmetastatic groups.Clinical data of PTC patients（414 patients with 624 malignant nodules） who underwent a preoperative ultrasonography and surgery between June 2010 and March 2015 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical factors,preoperative ultrasound features and the final pathological findings were obtained.The differences in the sonographic features of PTC between the CLNM group and the non-CLNM group were analyzed.There were 187 CLNM and 227 non-CLNM patients.The median age at the diagnosis of this cohort was 45.4 years old（ranging from 18 to 77 years）.Ultrasonographic parameters that were significantly associated with CLNM [OR=2.569（1.502,4.393）,P〈0.001）] were as follows：the mulifocality of the nodules,size over 2 cm,the presence of microcalcifications,the distance ratio（DR） pattern showing the contact of the nodules with the thyroid capsule,and the extracapsular spread of the nodules.No significant differences in age,gender,thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH） levels and other ultrasonography parameters were found between the CLNM and the non-CLNM groups.Therefore,our results suggest that a larger size,microcalcifications,mulifocality,and the DR pattern showing the contact of the nodules with the thyroid capsule and extracapsular spread are significantly more indicative of CLNM in PTC.

Relationship between Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-analysis

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and lymph node metastasis（LNM） in papillary thyroid cancer（PTC）. VEGF-related articles that had been published until August 2016 were searched from the Pub Med, EMBASE, and MEDLINE to identify the risk factors of LNM in PTC. Rev Man 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis. Finally, 9 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. LNM was found to be present in 176 of 318 patients（57.8%） with high VEGF expression and in 71 of 159 patients（47.0%） with low VEGF expression. The overall OR was 2.81（95% confidence interval, 1.49–5.29）. LNM occurred more frequently in patients with high VEGF expression than in those with low VEGF expression（P=0.001）. Heterogeneity was markedly decreased in the subgroup analyses of LNM in terms of the patients＇ country of origin and the detection methods. Our meta-analysis concluded that the VEGF protein expression is associated with LNM in PTC.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy as Guidance for Lateral Neck Dissection in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Introduction: The surgical management of lateral lymph nodes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is controversies. Therefore, we analyzed whether sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) biopsy of the first draining nodes in the jugulo-carotid chain is an accurate technique to select patients with true-positive but nonpalpable lymph nodes for selective lateral node dissection. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2009, 12 patients with solitary papillary carcinoma measuring 2 cm by ultrasonography were included in this study. After the thyroid gland was exposed to avoid injuring the lateral thyroid lymphatic connection, approximately 0.2 ml of 5mg/ml indocyanine green was injected into the parenchyma of upper and lower thyroid gland. Some stained lymph nodes in the jugulo-carotid chain could be identified following the stained lymphatic duct and dissected as the SLN. After that, thyroidectomy with modified neck dissection was performed. Results: The mean tumor size was 22.1 ± 4.6 mm. Identification and biopsy of stained SLN in the ipsilateral jugulo-carotid chain was successful in all 12 cases. In 6 cases, histopathological analysis of SLNs revealed metastases of the papillary thyroid carcinoma. Among them, 2 cases had additional metastatic lymph nodes in the ipsilateral compartment. Of the 6 patients who had negative lymph node metastasis (LNM) in SLNs, all patients had negative LNM in the ipsilateral compartment. Conclusions: The method may be helpful in the detection of true-positive but nonpalpable lymph nodes and may support a decision to perform a selective lateral node dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The Number of Lymph Nodes and Relationship with Presence of Thyroiditis and Thymic Tissue in the Central Neck Dissection Materials for Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: Pathologic Analysis

Background: Central lymph node dissection (CLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) allows correct pathologic staging of lymph nodes and planning of postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of the lymph nodes in the CLND and the relationship to presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and thymic tissue (TT). Methods: Total thyroidectomy and CLND materials from 153 patients with PTC were included in this study. Two histopathologic features (presence of CLT and TT) were evaluated for their value in adequacy of CLND. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed CLT and TT in CLND materials in 70 (46%) and 63 (41%) patients, respectively. Total number of lymph nodes in CLND materials was significantly higher in CLT (+) and TT (+) groups (p Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that presence of CLT in thyroid gland has been associated with higher number of central lymph nodes mainly due to increased number of benign hyperplastic lymph nodes. It may be possible to conclude that upper limit of lymph nodes for satisfactory CLND would be higher to correctly evaluate central lymph node status in existing staging systems if specimens have CLT. Results of this study also show that the presence of TT in surgical materials may represent the adequacy of CLND.

血清降钙素在甲状腺髓样癌的诊断、术前评估及术后随访中的临床价值

目的探讨血清降钙素(calcitonin,Ctn)对甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC)的诊断效能,术前Ctn与临床病理特征相关性及随访中影响MTC疾病进展的危险因素。方法系统性回顾2011年11月~2022年11月南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院收治的50例甲状腺结节患者临床资料,ROC曲线计算Ctn、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)水平对MTC的诊断效能,单因素、多因素分析MTC中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素,绘制无疾病进展生存曲线预测危险因素。结果ROC曲线结果显示诊断MTC的术前Ctn截断值为23.81 pg/ml,CEA截断值为3.035 ng/ml。MTC患者的患病年龄、肿瘤直径、术前血清Ctn和CEA水平均高于非MTC患者。Ctn≥289.62 pg/ml是MTC患者中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。生存曲线结果显示侵犯包膜、中央区淋巴结转移、T2级以上是预测疾病进展的危险因素(P<0.05),疾病发生进展的MTC患者术前Ctn较高。结论血清Ctn在MTC鉴别诊断、术前评估以及术后随访均有重要临床价值。

基于超声造影特征构建列线图预测甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移风险

目的通过分析甲状腺微小乳头状癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC)患者临床资料、结节超声和超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)特征建立预测颈淋巴结转移(lymph node metastasis,LNM)风险的列线图模型,为合理规范的临床决策提供依据。方法回顾性分析2020年12月1日至2021年12月31日在新疆医科大学第一附属医院行甲状腺手术治疗的PTMC患者404个结节临床资料,应用随机函数按照7∶3分为建模组(n=282)与验证组(n=122)。应用Logistic回归分析筛选PTMC颈淋巴结转移的独立相关因素,构建列线图,以曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)评估模型诊断效能,应用验证组数据进行外部验证。结果构建模型显示结节边缘、声晕、多灶性、包膜下生长或侵犯包膜、消退模式是颈淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.05);建模组AUC为0.747(0.690~0.804),最佳cut-off值为0.430,灵敏度0.65,特异度0.73;验证组AUC为0.778(0.697~0.860),最佳cut-off值为0.419,灵敏度0.64,特异度0.81。结论本研究构建的列线图可个体化预测PTMC颈淋巴结转移的风险,超声和超声造影特征有助于指导高风险人群的临床决策。

多模态超声在评估甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部中央区淋巴结转移中的价值

目的:评估多模态超声预测甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部中央区淋巴结转移的有效性。方法:收集110例PTMC患者的临床指标和多模态超声特征,并与颈部中央区淋巴结转移行单因素及多因素分析。结果:<42岁、男性PTMC患者更易发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(均P<0.05);结节最大截面横径≥0.52 cm或纵径≥0.66 cm是PTMC发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移的高危因素(均P<0.01);微钙化和弹性评分≥4分的PTMC患者更易发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(均P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,仅微钙化是PTMC颈部中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:对结节内伴微钙化的PTMC患者,应加强颈部中央区淋巴结的术前评估和术中治疗。

临床淋巴结阴性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的 探讨临床淋巴结阴性(cN0)甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者颈中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)预测模型。方法 本研究纳入2015—2020年在西安交通大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术确诊的cN0-PTMC患者共1271例,根据手术记录和术后病理结果统计年龄、性别、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、侧别、BRAFV600E基因突变、伴结节性甲状腺肿(NG)和桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)情况、腺外侵犯、被膜侵犯、颈淋巴结转移等临床病理资料,分析CLNM与各临床病理参数的相关性。结果 采用年龄45岁作为分类标准进行单因素分析。结果显示男性患者、年龄、肿瘤直径、是否伴HT、是否多灶性均与cN0-PTMC发生CLNM相关(P<0.05)。伴NG、BRAFV600E基因突变、肿瘤位置、腺外侵犯、肿瘤侧、被膜侵犯均与cN0-PTMC发生CLNM无相关性(P>0.05)。继续进行非条件Logistic回归分析,结果显示男性患者(OR=1.929,95%CI:1.465~2.541),年龄≤45岁(OR=2.581,95%CI:2.004~3.324),多灶性(OR=1.675,95%CI:1.276~2.197)是cN0-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素;直径≤5 mm(OR=0.603,95%CI:0.463~0.785)和伴HT(OR=0.642,95%CI:0.452~0.913)是cN0-PTMC患者发生CLNM的保护因素。伴HT是cN0-PTMC患者BRAFV600E基因野生型的危险因素(OR=3.454,95%CI:1.865~6.397)。结论 男性患者、年龄≤45岁、肿瘤直径>5 mm、不伴HT、多灶性是cN0-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素。伴HT是此类患者发生BRAFV600E基因突变的保护因素,与其他临床病理特征无相关性。

单发甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的:探讨影响单发甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的单发PTMC病人癌结节的超声特征和颈部淋巴结转移的关系,并分析PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果:119例PTMC病人中,无颈部淋巴结转移者86例(72.3%),颈部淋巴结转移者33例(27.7%)。观察组男性比例高于对照组(P<0.05),年龄明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。PTMC结节的超声特征中,2组癌结节最大径、血流丰富、突破包膜差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,年龄、癌结节最大径、突破包膜是PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,年龄预测PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的诊断截点为43.5岁,AUC为0.769(95%CI:0.669~0.869),敏感度为66.7%,特异度为80.2%;癌结节最大径预测PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的诊断截点为6.5 mm,AUC为0.801(95%CI:0.719~0.882),敏感度为81.8%,特异度为66.3%。结论:PTMC病人的年龄、部分超声特征和颈部淋巴结转移存在一定相关性,对PTMC的临床治疗有一定参考作用。

CircRNA_000121在伴有颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺微小乳头状癌中的表达

目的 研究伴有颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺微小乳头状癌(Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, PTMC)中circRNA_000121表达情况。方法 以2022年1-4月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院血管甲状腺外科住院的60例患者作为研究对象。其中,PTMC伴有颈部淋巴结转移(中央区)[PTMC(L)组]患者30例,PTMC不伴有淋巴结转移(PTMC组)患者30例。收集所有患者术前外周血标本、术中甲状腺癌组织及一般资料。通过qRT-PCR检测2组患者血液和组织标本circRNA_000121、miR-146b-3p和MMP2的表达量。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析circRNA_000121对甲状腺微小乳头状癌是否伴有颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。采用二分类Logistic回归分析circRNA-000121与miR-146b-3p、miR-146b-3p与MMP2在PTMC外周血标本、组织标本中的表达水平与淋巴结转移的相关性。结果 qRT-PCR结果显示,与PTMC组患者比较,PTMC(L)组患者的外周血和组织标本中circRNA_000121、MMP2呈高表达,miRNA-146b-3p呈低表达,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经ROC分析结果显示,外周血曲线下面积(AUC)为0.964,置信区间(95%CI)0.915~1.000,灵敏度0.933,特异度1.000;组织标本AUC为0.943,置信区间(95%CI)0.874~1.000,灵敏度0.900,特异度0.967。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,circRNA_000121、miRNA-146b-3p、MMP2在外周血和癌组织中的表达均与淋巴结转移相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CircRNA_000121在PTMC(L)患者甲状腺癌组织标本中呈高表达,与外周血表达一致,circRNA_000121在PTMC发生淋巴结转移预测方面有一定作用,其有望成为PTMC发生颈部淋巴结转移的生物学标记物。

桥本甲状腺炎对甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移的影响

目的:研究桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto's thyroiditis,HT)对甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)颈淋巴结转移的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月—2021年12月南通大学附属肿瘤医院头颈外科收治的1146例PTC患者资料。根据是否合并HT将其分为观察组(254例,合并HT)和对照组(892例,未合并HT)。两组均进行手术,并收集两组一般资料。比较两组一般资料,中央区和颈侧区淋巴结清扫转移情况。结果:观察组女性占比高于对照组,年龄低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组中央区清扫淋巴结数高于对照组,转移/清扫淋巴结率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PTC合并HT较未合并HT患者,女性比例高,发病年龄小,转移/清扫淋巴结率低。

男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌临床特点及中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的分析男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床特点,并探讨其发生中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法回顾分析2018年1月—2022年12月我科收治的首次手术治疗的甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者共743例,男性152例作为研究组,女性591例作为对照组,比较2组患者的临床病理资料,并使用单因素和多因素统计学方法分析男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果2组患者年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤多灶性、肿瘤分布及颈侧区淋巴结转移差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),2组患者肿瘤包膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎及中央区淋巴结转移情况差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。单因素分析显示肿瘤最大径>5 mm、多灶、双侧分布、有包膜侵犯为男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素,二元logistic多因素回归分析显示肿瘤最大径>5 mm、包膜侵犯为男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者发生中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论相对于女性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者,男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者更易出现包膜侵犯,中央区淋巴结转移率更高。临床对于肿瘤最大径>5 mm、有包膜侵犯的男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者要尤为重视中央区淋巴结的清扫。

超声血流参数对甲状腺癌患者淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的探讨超声血流参数对甲状腺癌患者淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法选取110例甲状腺癌患者和110例健康体检者,分别作为观察组和健康组,所有受试者均进行彩色多普勒超声检查。比较观察组和健康组的超声血流参数[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速(S/D)]。根据是否发生淋巴结转移将观察组患者分为淋巴结转移组(n=59)和无淋巴结转移组(n=51),比较两组患者的超声血流参数。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析PSV、PI、RI、S/D单独及联合检测对甲状腺癌患者淋巴结转移的诊断价值。结果观察组患者的PSV、S/D均明显高于健康组,PI、RI均明显低于健康组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。淋巴结转移组患者的PSV、S/D均明显高于无淋巴结转移组,PI、RI均明显低于无淋巴结转移组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。PSV、PI、RI、S/D联合检测诊断甲状腺癌患者淋巴结转移的AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.905、96.12%、90.64%,均高于各指标单独检测。结论甲状腺癌患者PSV、S/D偏高,PI、RI偏低,PSV、PI、RI、S/D联合检测对甲状腺癌患者淋巴结转移具有较高的诊断价值,可为临床医师制订治疗方案提供科学的参考依据。

超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的 研究超声及血清细胞角蛋白19(CK-19)、半乳糖凝集素3(Galectin-3)及微小核糖核酸-363(miRNA-363)联合诊断甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移(CLNM)的临床价值。方法 回顾性选取2021年7月至2023年6月在天津市环湖医院诊断的PTMC患者92例纳入研究组,选择同期本院收治的结节性微小甲状腺肿患者92例纳入对照组。观察两组病灶情况及超声特点;比较两组血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平,研究组是否发生CLNM患者病灶超声特点及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平。分析PTMC~CLNM超声特点与血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平的相关性。结果 研究组多枚病灶、病灶>0.5 mm、病灶纵横比≥1、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、病灶低回声、淋巴结肿大占比分别为70.65%、71.74%、82.61%、61.96%、72.83%、80.43%、84.78%、70.65%,均大于对照组(31.52%、52.17%、27.17%、25.00%、19.57%、15.22%、66.30%、22.83%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平分别为(30.45±3.31)、(4.68±0.48)μg/L,均高于对照组[(7.05±0.73)、(1.72±0.19)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.89±0.30) fmol/L,低于对照组[(4.30±0.46) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、淋巴结肿大占比分别为90.91%、86.36%、95.45%、100.00%、90.91%,均大于未发生CLNM患者(64.29%、54.29%、0、25.00%、64.29%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平(41.20±4.42)、(5.94±0.62)μg/L,均高于未发生CLNM患者[(24.36±2.71)、(3.25±0.34)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.14±0.23) fmol/L,低于未发生CLNM患者[(3.46±0.36) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、淋巴结肿大及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平均与CLNM呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC~CLNM具有较高的临床价值。

甲状腺乳头状癌颈中线淋巴结分区预测对侧中央区淋巴结转移情况的价值研究

目的分析甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者对侧中央区淋巴结(Cont-CLNs)转移的相关因素,评估颈中线淋巴结(Mid-CLNs)分区在识别Cont-CLNs转移中的临床价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年6月广东省佛山市第一人民医院进行甲状腺全切除术和双侧中央区颈淋巴清扫术(CND)治疗PTC的125例患者,组织病理学检查评估的主要因素包括:原发肿瘤最大直径、多灶性、被膜侵犯、腺外浸润、桥本氏甲状腺炎、淋巴结转移分区。组间数据比较采用单因素方差分析。利用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析Cont-CLNs转移的危险因素,计算受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积,分析对侧Mid-CLNs转移对Cont-CLNs转移的预测效能。结果125例PTC患者中,107(85.60%)例患者发生Mid-CLNs转移,57.60%(72/125)的患者发生患侧Mid-CLNs转移,28.80%(36/125)的患者发生对侧Mid-CLNs转移。在单因素分析中,多灶性(P=0.004)、被膜侵犯(P=0.002)、腺外浸润(P=0.048)、对侧Mid-CLNs转移(P<0.01)和Ipis-CLNs转移(P=0.043)与Cont-CLNs转移的发生有显著相关性。而Mid-CLNs转移(P=0.422)、患侧Mid-CLNs转移(P=0.856)与Cont-CLNs转移的发生则无相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,Ipis-CLNs转移(P=0.013,OR=2.065)和对侧Mid-CLNs转移(P=0.008,OR=2.072)发生越多,Cont-CLNs转移发生的概率越大。且对侧Mid-CLNs转移阳性对Cont-CLNs转移预测的AUC为0.664(95%CI=0.554~0.774,P=0.006),敏感度为76.19%,特异度为56.60%。结论对侧Mid-CLNs转移是Cont-CLNs转移的独立危险因素,且对预测Cont-CLNs转移具有较为良好的诊断价值。

多模态超声对甲状腺乳头状癌术前中央区域淋巴结转移的评估

目的评估多模态超声检查技术对预测甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)术前发生中央区域淋巴结转移(CLNM)的准确度。方法选择经手术治疗的甲状腺结节患者108例,其中男性19例,女性89例;年龄20~77岁,平均年龄47.1岁;结节大小1.0~2.6 cm,平均结节大小1.9 cm。全部病例均经病理诊断为PTC,且术前均行多模态超声检测,包括常规二维超声、超声造影(CEUS)技术和微血流成像(MFI)检测技术。按照中央区域淋巴结有无转移,将患者分为非转移组与转移组,记录两组患者的病理特点和超声波特点,分析PTC患者中出现CLNM的独立风险因子。并且绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线,评估其特异度、灵敏度和准确度,并对比了各种诊断模式来评估其准确度。结果经病理诊断,CLNM 43例(39.8%)。Logistic回归分析显示二维超声下结节与被膜接触、结节直径≥0.8 cm、MFI模式下中央型血流分布模式、在CEUS模式下的结节与被膜的接触及向心性灌注等因素是导致CLNM的独立风险因子(P<0.05);多模态超声在预测CLNM风险的准确度显著优于单一的检测模式,其灵敏度、特异度、准确度依次为76.7%、81.5%、80.2%,三者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MFI、CEUS和二维超声相结合应用可以更加准确地预测PTC手术前颈部淋巴结的转移情况。

单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移预测因素的临床分析

目的 探讨单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的预测因素。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年1月哈尔滨医科大学附属二院收治的458例单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床数据。通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析颈部中央区和颈侧区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果 单因素分析表明,颈部中央区淋巴结转移情况在肿瘤直径和、腺体外侵袭和桥本氏甲状腺炎方面比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。颈侧区淋巴结转移情况在肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤直径和以及中央区淋巴结转移方面比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多因素分析表明,桥本氏甲状腺炎是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P<0.01);肿瘤直径和以及中央区淋巴结转移是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。结论单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌中,桥本氏甲状腺炎是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,肿瘤直径和以及中央区淋巴结转移是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。

基于超声和临床指标的复合模型预测甲状腺乳头状癌术后颈部淋巴结转移风险

目的:探索术前超声图像特征结合临床指标对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)术后颈部淋巴结转移风险的预测价值。方法:回顾性收集2019年1月至2020年12月在温州医科大学附属第一医院接受二次手术并经病理证实的PTC颈部淋巴结转移患者43例,作为转移组。同时,收集我院2013年1月至2014年12月收治的89例自首次PTC手术起随访至少8年,未出现颈部淋巴结复发的患者作为未转移组。按照7:3的比例随机抽样将患者分为训练集(n=92)和验证集(n=40),在训练集中通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,构建预测模型并绘制列线图使模型可视化,使用验证集对模型进行验证,通过ROC曲线和决策曲线分析(DCA)对模型效能和临床价值进行评估。结果:转移组与未转移组患者间手术方法、术中淋巴结转移、甲状腺结节部位、回声特性、甲状腺结节最大径线、超声提示淋巴结肿大、淋巴结长径/短径比值以及淋巴结血流特征差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示手术方式(全切vs.部分切除,OR=0.332,95%CI=0.134~0.828,P=0.018)、术中淋巴结转移(转移vs.未转移,OR=2.978,95%CI=1.112~7.953,P=0.030)、甲状腺结节部位(中部vs.下极,OR=6.624,95%CI=1.986~22.095,P=0.002)及甲状腺结节最大径线(OR=1.064,95%CI=1.002~1.130,P=0.042)为术后颈部淋巴结转移的独立影响因素。该模型在训练集中的AUC为0.872(95%CI=0.795~0.949),在验证集中的AUC为0.863(95%CI=0.749~0.976),DCA显示阈值概率在0.1~0.7时该模型预测术后PTC颈部淋巴结转移发生的风险净收益高。结论:本研究基于术前超声图像特征及临床病理指标构建的预测模型可有效预测PTC术后颈部淋巴结转移的风险,对于临床决策有一定的参考价值。