The Role of a Pre-Fine Needle Aspiration Clinic in Improving the Quality of Thyroid Nodule Investigation in Saskatchewan

Background: The Canadian province of Saskatchewan introduced a pre-fine needle aspiration (FNA) clinic to review adherence of referrals for thyroid biopsy based on the guidelines of the American College of Radiology’s (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) scoring system. The intention is to minimize low-yield biopsy rates by improving the quality of thyroid nodule investigation in Saskatchewan through this clinic. TI-RADS is a malignancy risk scoring system for thyroid nodules based on five sonographic characteristics: composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, and echogenic foci (calcium). Recommendations for intervention or clinical follow-up are further determined by the size of the nodule. Methods: Through a retrospective chart review of all thyroid biopsy referrals to the Royal University Hospital (RUH) in Saskatchewan between 22 March 2016 and 17 May 2018, the impact of the multidisciplinary pre-FNA clinic on appropriate thyroid biopsies in Saskatchewan was evaluated. Results: This study evaluated 252 referrals, 203 of which underwent FNA and 23 which received surgical biopsy. TI-RADS scores appended to thyroid biopsy referrals increased upon pre-FNA clinic initiation, yet score quality did not improve. Rates of malignant biopsies were lower than ACR-reporting suggesting inappropriate biopsy of low risk nodules perhaps by overcalling the TI-RADS score. The majority of FNA cytology matched final surgical pathology, with 78% of indeterminate FNAs being malignant, and all non-diagnostic FNAs being benign. Conclusions: The implementation of the pre-FNA clinic reduced the number of thyroid biopsies in Saskatchewan by 11% overall.

Diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology and smear cytology in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Smear cytology(SC)using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is the established and traditional choice for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.Liquid-based cytology(LBC)is a novel alternative cytological method,however,the comparative diagnostic efficacy of LBC remains inconclusive.AIM To examine the diagnostic efficacy of LBC and SC for pancreatic specimens obtained through EUS-FNA via a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The numbers of true positives,false positives,true negatives,and false negatives for each cytological test(LBC and CS)were extracted from the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were calculated,and the AUC was compared by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies II tool.RESULTS A total of 1656 patients in eight studies were included.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the AUC for LBC were 0.76(95%CI:0.72-0.79),1.00(95%CI:0.98-1.00),and 0.9174,respectively,for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.The pooled estimates for SC were as follows:Sensitivity,0.68(95%CI:0.64-0.71);specificity,0.99(95%CI:0.96-100.00);and AUC,0.9714.Similarly,the corresponding values for LBC combined with SC were 0.87(95%CI:0.84-0.90),0.99(95%CI:0.96-1.00),and 0.9894.Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare the sensitivities and AUCs of the three diagnostic methods;statistically significant differences were found between the three methods,and LBC combined with SC was superior to both LBC(P<0.05)and SC(P<0.05).The pooled sensitivity and AUC did not change significantly in the sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION LBC may be sensitive than SC in the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic lesions,however,the superior diagnostic performance of their combination emphasizes their integrated usage in the clinical evaluation of pancreatic lesions.

BRAF^(V600E) vs. TIRADS in predicting papillary thyroid cancers in Bethesda system Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ nodules

Objective: Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology(BSRTC) categories Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴaccount for a significant proportion of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) diagnoses. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of BRAF^(V600E) mutation and the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System(TIRADS) classification in differentiating papillary thyroid cancers(PTCs) from benign lesions among BSRTC I, III, and V nodules.Methods: A total of 472 patients with 479 nodules were enrolled in this prospective study. Ultrasound, BRAF^(V600E) mutation testing, and FNAC were performed in each nodule, followed by surgery or regular ultrasound examination.Results: In the BSRTC I category, BRAF^(V600E) showed similar sensitivity, higher specificity, and lower accuracy when compared with TIRADS. In the BSRTC III/V category, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of BRAF^(V600E) were similar to those of TIRADS. In comparison to BRAF^(V600E) alone, the combination of the two methods significantly improved sensitivity(BSRTC Ⅰ:93.6% vs. 67.7%, P < 0.01; BSRTC Ⅲ: 93.8% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.01; BSRTC V: 96.0% vs. 85.3%, P < 0.001). When compared with TIRADS alone, the combination improved sensitivity in BSRTC Ⅰ nodules(93.6% vs. 74.2%, P < 0.05), increased sensitivity and decreased accuracy in BSRTC III nodules(93.8% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.01, 91.0% vs. 93.6%, P < 0.01), and improved both sensitivity and accuracy in BSRTC V nodules(96.0% vs. 82.0%, P < 0.001; 94.2% vs. 81.3%, P < 0.001).Conclusions: BRAF^(V600E) exhibited higher specificity and lower accuracy compared with TIRADS in BSRTC Ⅰ nodules, while the two methods showed similar diagnostic value in BSRTC Ⅲ/Ⅴ nodules. The combination of the two methods distinctly improved sensitivity in the diagnosis of PTCs in BSRTC Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ nodules.

The Diagnostic Value of Color Doppler Ultrasound and Grey Scale Sonography in Predicting the Malignancy of Thyroid Nodules

Retrospective study was done at KAUH to determine the sonographic characteristics in predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules. The sample was 120 patients consisting of 70 benign nodules and 50 malignant nodules. Out of 120 patients, 106 (88.3%) female and 14 (11.7%) male patients. Out of 106 female patients, 64 (91.45) had benign and 42 had malignant thyroid nodules. Out of 14 (11.7) male patients, 6 had benign and 8 had malignant thyroid nodules. The youngest patient in our study was 31 years and the oldest patient was 76 years. The common range of patients age was ≥ 60 years and consisting of twenty (28.6%) benign thyroid nodules and fourteen (28%) malignant thyroid nodules. The majority of patients’ age group with malignant thyroid nodules were between 50 - 60 years and consisting of twenty (40%) malignant nodules. In our study, according to the result of gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography, hypo-echogenicity, solid echo structure, micro-calcification and intra-nodular vascularity were the significant characteristics of malignancy in nodules with sensitivity (72%, 74%, 48% and 88% respectively), specificity (66%, 63%, 94% and 69% respectively), PPV (60%, 59%, 86% and 67% respectively) and NPV (77%, 77%, 72% and 89% respectively).

Electronic Synoptic Reporting of Thyroid Nodules: Potential for Reduction in Number of Patients Undergoing Thyroid Nodule Biopsies

Purpose: The objective of the study was to design and implement an electronic synoptic report for thyroid sonography that incorporates the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and assess potential for reducing unnecessary fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of thyroid nodules. Methods: The electronic synoptic report was developed using a relational database based on elements from TIRADS and a multidisciplinary consensus statement for thyroid reporting. A retrospective analysis of 138 patients with previously reported thyroid sonographic exams was evaluated for the presence of these elements. The electronic synoptic report calculates the TIRADS score and generates a formal report. Using the TIRADS score the potential decrease in unnecessary FNAB was estimated. Results: Key TIRADS elements were variously reported ranging from 43% for the thyroid nodule’s architecture as solid or cystic. Thyroid nodule echogenicity and calcification was commented in 27% and 23%, respectively. Other features of the TIRADS score were commented in 0% to 8% of the official reports. Estimated reduction for potentially reduced need for FNAB was 34.5%. Conclusions: This study is the first implementation of synoptic reporting using a relational database for sonography of thyroid nodules. Implementation of an electronic standardized synoptic reporting system may facilitate more accurate, and more comprehensive reporting for thyroid ultrasound scanning of thyroid nodules. The use of TIRADS was estimated to be able to potentially reduce the need for FNAB which was significant.

Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle tissue acquisition:Where we stand in 2013?

Since its introduction,endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)guided fine needle aspiration and fine needle biopsy have become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of lesions within the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding organs.It has proved to be an effective diagnostic method with high accuracy and low complication rates.Several factors can influence the accuracy and the diagnostic yield of this procedure including experience of the endosonographer,availability of onsite cytopathology services,the method of cytopathology preparation,the location and physical characteristics of the lesion,sampling techniques and the type and size of the needle used.In this review we will outline the recent studies evaluating EUS-guided tissue acquisition and will provide practical recommendations to maximize tissue yield.

Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum Diagnosed as Thyroid Nodule: A Case Report

Killian-Jamieson diverticulum is a rare type of pharyngoesophageal diverticula. We present a case of Killian-Jamieson diverticulum that mimicked a thyroid nodule under ultrasonography. Fine-needle aspiration was applied to identify the content of the thyroid nodule. However, nothing else but only a few squamous cells, amorphous material, and some inflammatory cells were reported under the microscope. The Killian-Jamieson diverticulum was confirmed during the surgery. There was no complication after the operation at the follow-up visit one month later. Retrospect this case, we find that thyroid ultrasonography combined fine-needle aspiration is a recommended way to increase the sensitivity of detecting hypopharyngeal diverticulum.

Solitary Thyroid Nodule: Clinical, Sonography and Pathological Evaluation Risk of Malignancy

Aim: To determined risk of increases Incidence of Thyroid cancer in solitary thyroid nodules so Preoperative distinction between benign and malignant in solitary thyroid nodules is important and helps to avoid unnecessary surgery and its adverse effects, such as hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, and recurrent nerve injury. Methods: Descriptive perspective analyzed data over a period of 6 years April 2015-April 2021 in Saudi Hospital at Hajjah, Yemen. 226 thyroid operations for 207 patients, 135 patient’s diagnosis as Solitary thyroid nodule and 72 patients as Multi nodular goiter. Patients with a clinically solitary thyroid nodule were included in the study group. Results: 135 cases of clinically detected solitary thyroid nodules, 126 female and 9 male patients, between 14 - 65 years age, median 41 years and mean 39.76 years, (94, 41) patients respectively Right side thyroid effect more than Left side, Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was (61%, 72%, 64%) respectively. Postoperative histopathology reported 100 (74%) patients as having benign thyroid nodules and 35 patients (26%) as having malignant thyroid nodules. Postoperative transient hypocalcemia was observed in 9 patients (7%), and temporary hoarseness was observed in 3 patients (2%). Conclusion: The incidence of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodules is high. Rapid growth by history and hard fixed nodule by examination and hypoechoic, micro calcification and cervical lymphadenopathy on Thyroid Ultrasound frequently in malignant nodules. Male risk factors for thyroid cancer but age, number and size of nodules not included as risk factor. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is more helpful for diagnosing if aspiration under Ultrasound guidance and reading by experience histopathologists. The type of surgery depends on preoperative evaluation, including history, examination, ultrasound, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) result, and intraoperative assessment of the nodule. There are fewer complications of thyroid surgery by experienced surgeons.

FNAC联合FNA-Tg检测在甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)联合细针穿刺洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白(FNA-Tg)在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)颈侧区淋巴结转移中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析行颈侧区淋巴结清扫术的200例PTC患者的临床资料,术前超声评估颈侧区有可疑转移淋巴结236枚,术后病理证实转移性淋巴结178枚,非转移性淋巴结58枚,所有患者均行FNAC、FNA-Tg检查。以术后病理结果为金标准,比较FNAC、FNA-Tg、FNAC联合FNA-Tg的诊断结果及诊断效能。结果FNAC联合FNA-Tg诊断PTC颈侧区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、准确度、阴性预测值高于单一诊断方法,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论FNAC与FNA-Tg检测方法在临床中能够用于诊断PTC颈侧区淋巴结转移,两者联合检测可以进一步提高诊断效能,值得推广及应用。

多模态超声联合细针抽吸活组织检查对直径≤5 mm甲状腺微小癌诊断分析

目的 分析多模态超声联合细针抽吸活组织检查(fine needle aspiration, FNA)对直径≤5 mm甲状腺微小癌(thyroid microcarcinoma, TMC)的诊断准确性。方法 回顾性分析2019年9月-2021年3月行多模态超声(二维超声、超声造影、超声弹性成像)联合FNA检查,且经手术病理证实为直径≤5 mm甲状腺微小结节120例(结节132个)的临床资料,分析多模态超声和FNA及联合检测与病理诊断结果的一致性,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析单项和联合检测的诊断价值。结果 132个直径≤5 mm甲状腺微小结节经术后病理结果分析,良性结节36个,TMC 96个。与病理结果比较,二维超声诊断符合率为85.60%(113/132),Kappa值0.646;超声造影诊断符合率为90.15%(119/132),Kappa值0.758;超声弹性成像诊断符合率为90.15%(119/132),Kappa值0.754;多模态超声诊断符合率为90.91%(120/132),Kappa值0.771;FNA诊断符合率为92.42%(122/132),Kappa值0.806;多模态超声联合FNA诊断符合率为94.70%(125/132),Kappa值0.860。ROC曲线分析结果显示,多模态超声与FNA单项诊断曲线下面积比较无差异(P>0.05);多模态超声与FNA联合诊断TMC的曲线下面积大于单项诊断(P<0.05)。结论 多模态超声和FNA对直径≤5 mm TMC均具有较好的临床诊断价值,二者联合更能提高临床诊断准确率。

细针抽吸活检与术中快速冰冻切片在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用分析

目的:探讨细针抽吸活检(FNAB)细胞学和术中快速冰冻切片组织学检查在甲状腺结节中的诊断应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年4月苏州市相城人民医院收治的180例甲状腺结节患者临床病理资料,对比分析FNAB细胞学与术中快速冰冻切片组织学诊断的准确度、敏感度、特异度。结果:FNAB细胞学诊断良性病变52例,恶性病变128例,检查准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为92.2%、91.1%、95.6%;术中快速冰冻切片组织学诊断良性病变55例,恶性病变125例,检查准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为91.1%、88.9%、97.8%。2种诊断方法结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:FNAB细胞学具有操作简便、准确率高和标本获取率高等特点,术中快速冰冻切片具有高时效性、边缘定位清晰等特点,二者相互印证,互为补充,对甲状腺结节性质的诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。

国际标准化超细针穿刺甲状腺结节不同细胞学采集模式诊断率的比较

目的:评价甲状腺结节穿刺时不同留样顺序对细胞学诊断率的影响。方法:共入选591例甲状腺结节患者的613个甲状腺结节,所有甲状腺结节均行4针细针穿刺,分为两种模式进行。模式一:304个结节穿刺,前2针进行涂片细胞学检查,后2针再进行液基细胞学检查;模式二:309个结节穿刺,前2针进行液基细胞学检查,后2针再进行传统涂片细胞学制片。细胞病理医师采用盲法单独对每份样本进行读片。比较不同细胞学制片方法以及两种模式对细针穿刺诊断率的影响。结果:先液基后涂片的细胞学采集模式总体诊断率为82.2%,显著高于先涂片后液基的模式(74.7%)(P=0.023)。对于直径≥10 mm的结节来说,先液基后涂片的细胞学采集模式总体诊断率为83.2%,同样显著高于先涂片后液基模式的诊断率(75.4%)(P=0.048);同为前2针,单独液基方法诊断率为78.0%,显著高于单独涂片诊断率(63.8%)(P<0.001);对于直径≥10 mm的结节而言,单独液基诊断率为78.3%,亦显著高于单独涂片的诊断率(62.6%)(P<0.001)。结论:使用国际标准化超细针进行甲状腺细针穿刺,先液基再涂片的细胞学采集模式诊断率显著高于先涂片后液基的采集模式;如果仅以一种方式来收取细胞学标本,沉降式液基细胞采集制片的方法诊断率显著优于传统涂片制片方法。

不同穿刺针和细胞学制片方法对甲状腺结节细针穿刺取材效果的影响

目的分析不同的甲状腺穿刺针联合不同细胞学制片方法对甲状腺结节细针穿刺取材效果的影响,寻找甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查的最佳模式。方法选择2020年6月至2021年8月在安徽医科大学附属滁州医院行超声引导下甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查的240例患者,分为4个组:注射器穿刺+常规涂片细胞学检查组、注射器穿刺+液基细胞学检查组、吸引活检针穿刺+常规涂片细胞学检查组、吸引活检针穿刺+液基细胞学检查组,比较4组患者细胞学诊断报告中不能诊断/不满意(取材失败)发生率以及穿刺并发症、穿刺疼痛程度。结果(1)4组间取材结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步分析显示,注射器+液基的取材失败率较注射器+常规涂片组低(P<0.05),其他组别之间取材失败率差异无统计学意义。(2)注射器穿刺组和吸引活检针穿刺组取材结果差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.144,P=0.704);常规涂片组取材失败率高于液基组(χ^(2)=5.192,P=0.023)。(3)按照结节弹性评分分层分析:当弹性评分2分时,注射器穿刺组取材失败率高于吸引活检针穿刺组(χ^(2)=5.103,P=0.024);当弹性评分>2分时,2种穿刺针取材失败率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.305,P=0.254)。(4)按照结节血流强度分层分析:当血流强度>1级时,常规涂片组取材失败率高于液基细胞学组(P=0.006)。(5)4组间疼痛评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.015),注射器穿刺组疼痛评分高于吸引活检针穿刺组(χ^(2)=3.165,P=0.002)。(6)穿刺并发症情况:注射器+常规涂片组发生1例局部血肿和1例低血压,吸引活检针+常规涂片组发生1例低血压,其余2组无并发症发生。结论注射器和吸引活检针取材结果整体上无差异。根据甲状腺结节的超声报告选择穿刺及制片方法可提高成功率。

高频彩色多普勒超声联合US-FNAC在甲状腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声(HF-CDU)联合超声辅助下细针穿刺细胞学检查(US-FNAC)在甲状腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法将2020年2月至2023年3月在安徽医科大学直属附属六安医院(六安市人民医院)收治的110例甲状腺结节患者纳入本次回顾性研究。患者均接受HF-CFU检查和US-FNAC检查,以术后病理检查结果为“金标准”,分析不同性质结节的高频彩色多普勒超声的影像学特征,比较HF-CDU检查和US-FNAC单独检测和二者联合检测在甲状腺癌诊断中的灵敏性、特异性、准确性、假阳性和假阴性。结果110例患者共计有133个甲状腺结节,术后病理检查结果显示,恶性结节占比58.65%(78/133),良性结节占比41.35%(55/133);单发结节占比80.00%(88/110),多发结节占比20.00%(22/110)。超声检查显示,恶性结节的主要特征是血流分布多、纵横比≥1、微小钙化、形态不规则、边界毛糙或模糊、内部低或极低回声。HF-CDU检查的灵敏性、特异性、准确度、假阳性率和假阴性率分别为85.90%、89.09%、87.22%、10.91%和14.10%;US-FNAC检查的分别为89.74%、92.73%、90.98%、7.27%、10.26%;联合检测的分别为96.15%、94.55%、95.49%、5.45%、3.85%,联合检测的灵敏性、特异性、准确性、假阳性和假阴性率均优于HF-CDU、US-FNAC单独检测。结论HF-CDU、US-FNAC联合检测可有效提高甲状腺癌的确诊率,能够为患者早诊断、早治疗、提高预后提供可靠的方法。

超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统在甲状腺结节诊治中的应用及进展

超声因其安全、无创、低价、方便等优点,成为甲状腺结节检测的首选方法,目前国内外有数个版本甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System,TI-RADS)用于甲状腺结节恶性风险的分层管理。不同版本TI-RADS对同一甲状腺结节的分类及其是否需要进行细针穿刺活检(fine-needle aspiration biospy,FNAB)的建议存在差异。本文对各TI-RADS版本在甲状腺结节风险分层管理方面的应用、优势与局限性,以及其最新的研究进展进行了述评。

超声引导下FNAC联合BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌预后的价值研究

目的探究超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)联合BRAFV600e基因检测在甲状腺癌预后评估中的临床价值。方法选择2020年8月至2022年12月于长江大学附属荆州医院被确诊为甲状腺癌并接受甲状腺癌根治术的121例可疑淋巴结转移患者为研究对象,所有患者术前均接受超声引导下FNAC检测以及BRAFV600e基因检测,以患者术后病理检测结果为金标准,分别计算超声引导下FNAC检测以及BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。结果以病理结果为金标准,超声引导下FNAC对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断一致性为71.07%(86/121)、诊断敏感度为73.53%(75/102)、诊断特异度为57.89%(11/19);BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断一致性为83.47%(101/121)、诊断敏感度为87.25%(89/102)、诊断特异度为63.16%(12/19);超声引导下FNAC联合BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断一致性为97.52%(118/121)、诊断敏感度为98.04%(100/102)、诊断特异度为94.74%(18/19)。联合检测的诊断一致性、敏感度和特异度均明显高于任一单独检测方式,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下FNAC联合BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌出现淋巴结转移具有较好的诊断效能,较任一单独检测效能更优,建议将其应用于甲状腺癌患者是否出现淋巴结转移的鉴别中。

超声引导细针穿刺鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的价值分析

目的:探讨甲状腺结节患者应用超声引导细针穿刺(US-FNAC)检查的价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年12月东台市中医院收治的50例甲状腺结节患者作为研究对象,均接受超声检查、US-FNAC检查、病理检查,以病理检查结果为“金标准”,比较超声检查、US-FNAC检查诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的效能。结果:超声检查、US-FNAC检查诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);US-FNAC检查诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的特异度、准确度高于超声检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:US-FNAC检查鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的特异度、准确度较高,值得临床应用。

超声弹性成像联合US-FNAB诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节的价值探讨

目的:探讨超声弹性成像(UE)联合超声引导下细针穿刺活检(US-FNAB)对甲状腺影像报告与数据系统(TI-RADS)4类甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年3月于我院手术切除的96例术前超声分类为TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节患者的临床资料,患者术前均接受UE和US-FNAB检查;以术后病理结果为金标准,使用Kappa一致性检验评价UE、US-FNAB联合诊断TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节良、恶性的价值。结果:经术后病理证实共有恶性结节68例(70.83%),良性结节28例(29.17%);恶性结节和良性结节的弹性评分分布有统计学差异(P<0.05);术前UE诊断恶性结节59例,良性结节37例;术前US-FNAB诊断恶性结节66例,良性结节30例;UE、US-FNAB、UE联合US-FNAB串联试验诊断结节良、恶性与病理结果一致性一般(Kappa=0.608、0.704、0.492),UE联合US-FNAB并联试验诊断结节良、恶性与病理结果一致性较好(Kappa=0.761)。结论:术前UE联合US-FNAB(并联试验)对TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节的诊断具有高度敏感性,有助于减少甲状腺癌的漏诊。

桥本氏甲状腺炎背景对甲状腺结节超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查诊断效能的影响

目的探讨桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)背景对甲状腺结节超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查(US-FNAC)诊断效能的影响。方法回顾性分析于我院行US-FNAC及外科切除手术的1159例甲状腺结节患者(共1383个结节)的病历资料,根据是否合并HT分为HT+组456个结节和HT-组927个结节,比较两组二维超声表现、淋巴结转移情况,以及恶性组结节BRAF V600E突变情况。以手术病理结果为金标准,计算并比较US-FNAC鉴别两组结节良恶性的诊断效能。结果手术病理结果显示,HT-组良性结节31个,恶性结节425个,恶性率为93.2%;HT+组良性结节57个,恶性结节862个,恶性潜能未定结节8个,恶性率为93.0%,两组结节恶性率比较差异无统计学意义。两组结节边界、纵横比、血流情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);回声、大小、形态、钙化情况比较,差异均无统计学意义。HT+组、HT-组恶性结节淋巴结转移率分别为40.9%、40.1%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。恶性结节中共705个结节进行BRAF V600E基因检测,其中HT+组结节BRAF V600E突变率(74.9%)低于HT-组(90.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。US-FNAC鉴别HT+组结节良恶性的灵敏度、阴性预测值、准确率(96.0%、40.7%、94.3%)均低于HT-组(98.8%、73.0%、97.1%),假阴性率(4.0%)高于HT-组(1.2%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。进一步分析显示,US-FNAC鉴别HT+组最大径≤10 mm结节良恶性的灵敏度、阳性预测值、准确率(96.2%、97.5%、94.0%)均低于HT-组(98.8%、99.3%、98.2%),假阴性率(3.8%)高于HT-组(1.2%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);US-FNAC鉴别两组最大径>10mm结节良恶性的诊断效能比较差异均无统计学意义。结论当甲状腺结节最大径≤10mm时,HT背景会降低US-FNAC的诊断效能。