Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving chronic difficult-to-heal wounds:A case report

BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)is a malignant tumor that originates from the lymphoid tissues and can potentially affect numerous organs within the body.Among these,the skin stands out as one of the primary sites affected by NHL,often presenting with multiple extra-nodal manifestations.In this report,we present an unusual case of NHL involving chronic wounds in the lower extremities that were difficult to heal.The scars were successfully treated using radiotherapy in combination with extended excision debridement and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting,resulting in satisfactory outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old male patient presented with ulceration of the skin on the left calf near the ankle accompanied by purulent discharge.Subsequent pathologic biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of NHL(extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type).Initial treatment comprised local radiotherapy and wound care;however,the wound exhibited prolonged non-healing.Consequently,the patient underwent a series of interventions including radiotherapy,wound enlargement excision debridement,and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting.Ultimately,successful healing was achieved with favorable postoperative outcomes characterized by good texture of the flap without any signs of rupture or infection.CONCLUSION The combination of radiotherapy,wound enlargement excision debridement,and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting may present a favorable treatment modality for chronic non-healing lower leg wounds resulting from NHL.

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell mobilization following dose-adjusted cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy alone or in combination with rituximab in treating high-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Background: The regimen of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone(CHOP) is an eicient treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL). This study aimed to assess the eicacy and toxicity of dose-adjusted CHOP alone or in combination with rituximab(R-CHOP) by examining the stem cell mobilization in NHL patients. Factors afecting the collection of CD34+ cells were also explored.Methods: Our retrospective study included 39 patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation: 14 patients who expressed CD20 and were inancially eligible received R-CHOP for autologous peripheral blood stem cell(APBSC) mobilization; the remaining 25 patients received CHOP.Results: The median CD34+ cell yield was 7.01 × 106 cells/kg body weight(range 1.49–28.39 × 106 cells/kg body weight), with only two patients failing to meet the target CD34+ cell harvest of ber of apheresis procedures per patient was 1(range 1–3). The≥2.0 APBS× 106 cells/kg body weight. The median numC mobilization yield of the CHOP group appeared to be higher than that of the R-CHOP group(P response(CR) rate in = 0.005), whereas the success rate was similar between groups. R-CHOP elevated the completeB cell lymphoma patients as compared with CHOP(P = 0.01). No signiicant diferences in toxicity or engraftment were observed between the two groups.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that dose-adjusted CHOP chemotherapy efectively mobilized APBSCs in NHL patients and that the addition of rituximab to dose-adjusted CHOP chemotherapy elevated the CR rate for patients with B-cell lymphoma.

Hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas:Metaanalysisof epidemiology data and therapy options

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a global health problem affecting a large fraction of the world's population: This virus is able to determine both hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. Mixed cryoglobulinemia, a B-cell "benign" lymphoproliferative disorders, represents the most closely related as well as the most investigated HCVrelated extrahepatic disorder. Since this virus is able to determine extrahepatic [non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)] as well as hepatic malignancies(hepatocellular carcinoma), HCV has been included among human cancer viruses. The most common histological types of HCV-associated NHL are the marginal zone, the lymphoplasmacytic and diffuse large cell lymphomas. The role of the HCV in the pathogenesis of the B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders is confirmed also by the responsiveness of the NHL to antiviral therapy. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent literature and a meta analysis of the epidemiology data, to explain the role of HCV in the development of NHL's lymphoma. Furthermore, the possibility to treat these HCV-related NHL with the antiviral therapy or with other therapeutic options, like chemotherapy, is also discussed.

STUDIES OF THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF KI-1 POSITIVE NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA

The clinical histopathological and immuno-phenotypic features in 5 patients with Ki-1 positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied. When firstseen, 4 patients presented enlargement of superficiallymph nodes, with skin lesions in 2 patients. Two patientsin stage Ⅳ with fever, hepato-splenomegaly and bonemarrow invasion, died. Histologically, the tumor cellsshowed diffused or patchy hyperplasia. The cells wererelatively large in size, rich in basophilic or slightlyeosinophilic cytoplasm with irregular-shaped nuclei,prominent nucleoli, and distinct anaplasia andpleomorphism. Some of the cells looked very much likethe Reed-Sternberg cells. Multinucleated giant cells wereseen. Immunophenotypically, all the cells were CD30 (Ki-1) and CD25 (IL-2 receptor) positive but CD15 (Leu M1)negative. Thus, the 5 patients with Ki-1 positive NHLwere all of T cell type.

Extranodal Imaging Manifestations of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

A series of imaging features of extranodal, multi-systemic involvements in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were investigated The clinical data and imaging findings of 16 patients with pathologically proved NHL were retrospectively analyzed The related literatures were reviewed Of the 16 cases of NHL, skeletal involvement was found in 4, nasal cavity and nasal sinuses were involved in 4, too Lesion in the thorax was seen in 3 patients, hepatic involvement occurred in one case, cerebral ventricle was affected in 3 cases, mesentery was involved in one case Even though extranodal involvement of NHL exhibited extremely variable patterns, there were some relatively typical imaging findings Emphasized in this report were the relatively specific imaging manifestations of different systems, which may mimic infectious or other neoplasms of different sites The importance of imaging studies lies in the availability for diagnosis, staging and follow-up of NHL Combined with the clinical and other related information, the diagnostic accuracy can be further improved, thus, providing reliable evidence in guiding clinical management

Progressively Enlarging Goiter:Case Reports of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma and Literature Review

Primary thyroid lymphoma(PTL)is an exceptionally rare and highly aggressive potentially curable malignant disease.We report three typical cases of PTL referred to our hospital.All three cases had long history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,and presented with progressively enlarging neck mass.The first two cases were confirmed by surgical biopsy to be diffuse large B cell lymphoma,and received radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy,or received only chemotherapy.The third case was confirmed by core needle biopsy to be mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,and received radiotherapy.In summary,confirmation of PTL diagnosis is essential for further clinical decisions.Core biopsy should be one of the most important methods to make the diagnosis of PTL,while the use of fine needle aspiration cytology alone is still limited in diagnosing PTL.

Dignosis and Treatment of Primary Malignant Lymphoma of the Thyroid Gland

Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland is a rare disease comprising about 1%–3% of the thyroid malignancies, and this uncommon lymphoma represent less than 1% of all non-Hodgkinlymphomas (NHL). According to the modified Ann-Arbor-Classification primary thyroid lymphoma by definition is a lymphoma that is restricted to the thyroid gland (stage I E ) or involves the thyroid gland and supradiaphragmatic predominantly adjacent thyroid lymph nodes (stage II E ). Primary thyroid lymphoma is a heterogenous disease encompassing a wide variety of lymphoma entities. The diagnosis and treatment of this lymphoma are emphasis of this article. Key words thyroid gland - lymphoma - diagnosis - treatment

Thyroid lymphoma: A case report and literature review

Thyroid lymphoma is an unusual pathology. Different subtypes of lymphoma can present as primary thyroid lymphoma. This review illustrates via imaging, findings and treatment the need for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Patients and methods: patient's chart, pathological findings and radiological images were reviewed in a retrospective analysis. Over several days, this 80 years old woman developed airway obstruction and rapid enlargement of her thyroid secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She rapidly responded to her oncological protocol. Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare disease. It is an important diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with rapidly enlarging neck masses. It is a treatable condition with fairly favorable overall survival even with the most aggressive histological subtypes.

Pathology Verified Concomitant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Sonographically Suspected Thyroid Lymphoma:A Case Report

PAPILLARY thyroid carcinoma （PTC） is the most common thyroid cancer and consists of nearly 80% of all cases of thyroid cancer.1 It is asso- ciated with the lowest level of malignancy and an excellent prognosis. Primary thyroid lymphoma （PTL） is a lymphomatous process which develops in the thyroid without involvement of primary lymphoid organs or distant metastases at diagnosis.2 It is a rare malignancy that accounts for 1%-5% of all thyroid malignancies and less than 2% of all extranodal lymphomas. The incidence of PTL is one or two cases per million.2＇ 3 It occurs frequently in elder woman, with a peak incidence in the sixth decade of life.

The Role of Surgery in Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: Experience in the Last 10 Years of a Specialized Unit

Primary Thyroid Lymphoma (PTL) is an uncommon disease, although its incidence is of 5%. Ultrasound and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) usually do not provide the diagnosis. Surgery is one of the treatment options because it enables histological diagnosis and can also relieve compression symptoms in patients with rapid growth cervical mass. We present 7 cases of PTL diagnosed in the last 10 years in our unit. Five were female (71.4%) and 2 were male (28.6%). The mean age was 64.2 (range: 40 - 81);4 patients (57.1%) had associated Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT). One patient (14.2%) had concomitant Graves disease. 5 cases presented with compressive symptoms and cervical mass. Ultrasound was not diagnostic in any case. FNAC was diagnostic only in one patient (14.3%). Five patients underwent total thyroidectomy (71.4%). All the cases were diagnosed with lymphoma postoperatively. Two interventions consisted of left hemithyroidectomies (28.6%). No complications appeared. 5 patients (71.4%) were classified as Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma. We also observed 1 Follicular grade I lymphoma and 1 Burkitt case. When the extension study was done, 1 patient was at stage IIIE (14%), 2 at IIE (28.5%) and 4 at IE (57.14%). Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) and Iphosphamide, ethoposide and high dose Cytarabine (IVAC) were the treatment scheme when chemotherapy was used (in three cases). Two cases were treated only with total thyroidectomy, and 2 with total thyroidectomy and rituximab, and the latter was MALT. Complete Remission (CR) was achieved in all patients in the first year. All are still alive and in CR. In our experience, PTL diagnose can be challenging before surgery. Although surgery is not the gold standard for treatment, when it is done, it should be curative in MALT lymphomas confined to the thyroid.

Primary Thyroid Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid gland was rarely described. We report the case of a 44-year-old man admitted for an anterior neck swelling, hoarseness and dyspnea. The chest radiograph showed a trachea deviation. He had no clinical, biological or radiological sign of other lymphoma locations. Ultrasound examination of the neck revealed a bilateral heterogeneous thyroid lesion. Cytology revealed lymphoid cells having high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio with multiple and irregular nucleoli. An urgent thyroid surgery consisting of total thyroidectomy had been performed since the presence of compressive signs due to the tumor. The histopathological examination of a biopsy from the thyroid tissue confirmed a high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Then, L-thyroxin substitution therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were initiated. A prolonged remission was noted.

Clinical Outcomes of 67 Patients Treated with Chemoradiotherapy for Primary Thyroid Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Osaka Medical College

Background: The reports of clinical outcomes of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for primary thyroid non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are rare. We report our results of chemoradiotherapy for primary thyroid non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 67 patients with thyroid non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma among 269 patients with malignant lymphoma who received radiotherapy in our hospital during a period between May 1990 and June 2005. The patients included 16 men and 51 women, with a mean age of 66.2 ± 10.7 years (30 - 84 years). The disease stage was stage I in 42 patients, stage II in 24, and unclear in 1. The histologic type was B-cell lymphoma in 66 patients, MALT in 9, diffuse type in 52, follicular type in 5, and diffuse and follicular type in 1. CHOP chemotherapy regimen for malignant lymphoma patients was as follows. Intravenous drip infusion of cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, (drip) infusion of doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, and intravenous injection of vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 were administered on day 1, followed by 5 consecutive days of oral prednisolone 100 mg/m2. This regimen was repeated every 3 weeks (21 days) in 6 to 8 courses. Modified CHOP chemotherapy regimen was as follows. Intravenous drip infusion of cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, intravenous (drip) infusion of doxorubicin 40 mg/m2, intravenous infusion of vindesine 3 mg/m2, and intravenous drip infusion of prednisolone 60 mg/body were administered on day 1, and intravenous prednisolone was changed to oral prednisolone with the dose tapered gradually. After completing one course of this regimen, two courses of radiotherapy (a total of 36 Gy) were performed, followed by 6 courses of the chemotherapy regimen at lower doses (80% of the initial doses) repeated once a month. Results: Results of chemoradiotherapy in all patients were excellent. The 15-year survival rate was over 80%. Although there were no significant differences in the results of chemoradiotherapy among different histologic types of thyroid malignant lymphoma, the survival rate was 100% for MALT type, as compared with poor results for diffuse large type or diffuse mixed type. The analysis of the results of chemoradiotherapy according to the stage of malignant thyroid lymphomas revealed that therapeutic results were significantly better in stage I than in stage II. Conclusion: The CHOP chemoradiotherapy regimen and modified CHOP chemoradiotherapy regimen were excellent for primary thyroid non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Primary Lymphoma of Respiratory System (A Report of 11 Cases)

Objective: To analyze the clinical and pathologic features and the treatmentoutcomes of primary lymphoma of respiratory system (PLRS). Methods: The clinical manifestation,imaging changes, pathologic subtypes, treatment and overall survival of 11 patients with PLRS wereanalyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 11 patients diagnosed with PLRS by histopathology, thetumor of 2 patients occurred in trachea and the other 9 in lung. Cough, dyspnea and fever were themost frequent symptoms. Mass or infiltrative changes could be found on the chest X-ray and/or CTscan. Two patients were diagnosed as having Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and 9 having non-Hodgkin'sLymphoma (NHL), including 7 patients with low degree NHL [5 of them (55.6%) were mucosa-associatedlymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma] and 2 with intermediate degree NHL. Of 10 patients undergoingexploratory thoracotomy and surgical treatment, 8 received adjuvant chemotherapy and 2 adjuvant ofradiotherapy. The remaining patient was subjected to combined chemotherapy. Both of HL patientssurvived more than 5 years without clinical disease. The median survival of MALT lymphoma and othertype of NHL was 39 months and 34 months respectively. Conclusion: Both the clinical manifestationand imaging changes are non-specific. The diagnosis was made through exploratory thoracotomy (10cases) and fiber-optical bronchoscopy (1 case). MALT lymphoma is the most frequent pathologicsubtype. Majority of patients are diagnosed and treated by surgical resection. The prognosis isacceptable.

Hepatitis C virus syndrome: A constellation of organ-and non-organ specific autoimmune disorders, B-cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer

The clinical course of chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is characterized by possible development of both liver and extrahepatic disorders. The tropism of HCV for the lymphoid tissue is responsible for several immune-mediated disorders; a poly-oligoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion, commonly observed in a high proportion of patients with HCV infection, are responsible for the production of different autoantibodies and immune-complexes, such as mixed cryoglobulins. These serological alterations may characterize a variety of autoimmune or neoplastic diseases. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis due to small-vessel deposition of circulating mixed cryoglobulins is the prototype of HCV-driven immune-mediated and lymphoproliferative disorders; interestingly, in some cases the disease may evolve to frank malignant lymphoma. In addition, HCV shows an oncogenic potential as suggested by several clinicoepidemiological and laboratory studies; in addition to hepatocellular carcinoma that represents the most frequent HCV-related malignancy, a causative role of HCV has been largely demonstrated in a significant percentage of patients with isolated B-cells nonHodgkin's lymphomas. The same virus may be also involved in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer, a rare neoplastic condition that may complicate HCVrelated thyroid involvement. Patients with HCV infection are frequently asymptomatic or may develop only hepatic alteration, while a limited but clinically relevant number can develop one or more autoimmune and/or neoplastic disorders. Given the large variability of their prevalence among patients' populations from different countries, it is possible to hypothesize a potential role of other co-factors, i.e., genetic and/or environmental, in the pathogenesis of HCV-related extra-hepatic diseases.

Pancreatic T/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma: A case report and review of literature

Primary pancreatic lymphoma(PPL)is an extremely rare form of extranodal malignant lymphoma.The most common histological subtype of PPL is diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).In rare cases,PPL can also present as follicular lymphoma,small lymphocytic lymphoma,and T cell lymphoma either of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or of Hodgkin’s lymphoma.T-cell/histiocyterich large B-cell lymphoma(T/HRBCL)is an uncommon morphologic variant of DLBCL with aggressive clinical course,it is predominantly a nodal disease,but extranodal sites such as bone marrow,liver,and spleen can be involved.Pancreatic involvement of T/HRBCL was not presented before.Herein,we report a 48-year-old male who was hospitalized with complaints of jaundice,dark brown urine,pale stools,and nausea.The radiological evaluation revealed a pancreatic head mass and,following operative biopsy,the tumor was diagnosed as T/HRBCL.The patient achieved remission after six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy.Therefore,T/HRBCL can be treated similarly to the stage-matched DLBCL and both of them get equivalent outcomes after chemotherapy.

Therapeutic Efficacy of L-asparaginase in the Treatment of Refractory Midfacial Peripheral T-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Objective: To improve the efficacy of refractory midfacial peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (MPTC-NHL) with L-asparaginase (L-ASP) based salvage chemotherapy. Methods: 21 patients with refractory MPTC-NHL were analyzed. 11patients (L-ASP group) received L-asparaginase based salvage chemotherapy consisting of L-asparaginase, vincristine and dexame-thosone. 10 patients (control group) received salvage combination chemotherapy without L-asparaginase. Results: Complete remission rates were 45.6% for L-ASP group and 0.0% for control group (p<0.05). Overall response rates (CR+PR) were 63.6% for L-ASP group and 10.0% for control group, respectively (p<0.05). 2-year survival rates were 45.5% for L-ASP group and 0.0% for control group (p<0.05). The major adverse effects of L-ASP were leukopenia, elevation of serum bilirubin and hyperglycemia. Conclusion: The preliminary clinical study shows that the L-ASP based salvage chemotherapy may improve the response rate and 2-year survival rate of the patients with refractory MPTC-NHL. It is necessary to continue the study further.

36例原发甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤临床病理特征分析

目的分析并总结36例原发甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤(Primary Thyroid Malignant Lymphoma,PTML)临床病理特征。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2022年2月本院收治的36例PTML的临床病理资料,观察并分析所有患者巨检、镜检及免疫组化反应结果并进行生存随访。结果36例PTML患者均表现为单侧或双侧甲状腺出现肿块;其中25例患者(69.44%)因颈部出现肿物就诊,24例(66.67%)出现吞咽困难症状,11例(30.56%)出现呼吸困难症状。在病理类型上,黏膜相关组织性或滤泡性12例,黏膜相关组织性部分向大细胞转化8例,弥漫大B细胞性14例,多形T细胞性1例,结节硬化型霍奇金淋巴瘤1例,B细胞性是最常见的类型。依据Ann Arbor分期,Ⅰ-Ⅱ期29例,Ⅲ-Ⅳ期7例。截止到随访日期,36例患者中死亡8例,生存28例,其中7例死于疾病复发或进展,1例死于脑血栓。Ann Arbor分期I-II期患者2年总生存率86.21%高于Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ-Ⅳ期患者2年总生存率42.86%(P<0.05)。结论PTML具有多种临床病理特征,对于疑似PTML患者,应尽早行详细临床检查和病理分析,以制定个体化治疗方案,改善患者预后。

甲状腺弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤临床病理特征、基因突变谱及预后分析

目的·探究甲状腺弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)临床病理特征、基因突变谱及预后相关因素。方法·回顾性分析2003年11月—2021年12月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的66例初次诊断为甲状腺DLBCL患者[原发甲状腺DLBCL 23例(34.8%),继发甲状腺DLBCL 43例(65.2%)]的临床病理资料,并进行生存和预后因素分析。其中40例甲状腺DLBCL患者进行了靶向测序(55个淋巴瘤相关基因)以评估基因突变情况。结果·继发甲状腺DLBCL患者Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(P=0.000)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)升高(P=0.043)、结外器官受累数目≥2个(P=0.000)、非生发中心来源(non-GCB)(P=0.030)、MYC和BCL2蛋白双表达(double expression,DE)(P=0.026)、国际预后指数3~5分(P=0.000)的比例高于原发甲状腺DLBCL患者,其接受甲状腺手术切除的比例(P=0.012)低于原发甲状腺DLBCL患者。原发甲状腺DLBCL患者完全缓解(complete response,CR)率高于继发患者(P=0.039)。55例患者(83%)接受以利妥昔单克隆抗体联合环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱及泼尼松(R-CHOP)为基础的一线治疗方案,其中原发甲状腺DLBCL患者预期5年无进展生存(progress free survive,PFS)率95.0%,高于继发患者的49.7%(P=0.010)。单因素分析显示:Ann ArborⅢ~Ⅳ期(HR=4.411,95%CI 1.373~14.170)、LDH升高(HR=5.500,95%CI 1.519~19.911)、non-GCB(HR=5.291,95%CI 1.667~16.788)、DE(HR=6.178,95%CI 1.813~21.058)是甲状腺DLBCL患者PFS的不良预后因素;Ann ArborⅢ~Ⅳ期(HR=7.088,95%CI 0.827~60.717)、LDH升高(HR=6.982,95%CI 0.809~60.266)、DE(HR=18.079,95%CI 1.837~177.923)是总生存(overall survival,OS)时间的不良预后因素。多因素分析显示:Ann ArborⅢ~Ⅳ期(HR=4.693,95%CI 1.218~18.081)和LDH升高(HR=5.058,95%CI 1.166~21.941)是甲状腺DLBCL患者PFS的独立不良预后因素。靶向测序结果显示,TET2(n=14,35%)、KMT2D(n=13,32%)、TP53(n=11,28%)、GNA13(n=10,25%)、KMT2C(n=9,22%)突变频率>20%,且TP53突变是甲状腺DLBCL患者PFS的不良预后因素(P=0.000)。结论·原发甲状腺DLBCL生存情况优于继发甲状腺DLBCL。Ann ArborⅢ~Ⅳ期、LDH升高、non-GCB、DE(MYC和BCL2)是影响甲状腺DLBCL患者的不良预后因素。TET2、KMT2D、TP53、GNA13、KMT2C是甲状腺DLBCL中常见的高突变基因,TP53突变的患者预后不佳。

卡瑞利珠单抗治疗经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤相关性甲状腺功能异常分析

目的分析卡瑞利珠单抗治疗经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤(cHL)相关性甲状腺功能(甲功)异常的临床特征并探讨影响因素。方法收集2017年1月1日—2020年12月31日接受卡瑞利珠单抗治疗的cHL患者病历资料,分析药物不良反应(ADR)的临床特征和影响因素。结果纳入患者47例,12例(25.53%)出现甲功异常,其中甲减3例,亚临床甲减7例,亚甲亢2例,ADR均为1或2级(轻中度),均未因甲功异常而停用卡瑞利珠单抗。甲功异常发生在治疗后第1—22个月,诱导中位时间为6个月。2例甲减患者经左甲状腺素干预后,1例恢复正常,1例好转。1例亚甲减患者经左甲状腺素干预后甲功仍持续异常但未加重。其余9例甲功异常患者均未干预,其中4例恢复正常,5例无明显变化或失访。甲功异常组患者基线促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平显著高于甲功正常组(P=0.03)。3例甲功中度异常(2级不良反应)的患者中有2例出现抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)与抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)滴度异常升高。结论卡瑞利珠单抗治疗cHL相关性甲功异常发生率高,与患者基线TSH水平存在相关性,程度较轻,与TgAb和TPOAb滴度水平有关,临床表现以亚甲减或甲减为主,发生时间跨度大,一般不需停药,2级甲减患者用左甲状腺素干预后可改善。

1例原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤SPECT/CT及PET/CT表现

患者女,37岁,发现颈部无痛性肿物进行性增大伴乏力10个月、胸闷8个月,无发热、心悸、呼吸困难等;9个月前超声示甲状腺右叶3.0 cm×1.7 cm结节,^(99)Tc^(m)O_(4)^(-)SPECT/CT示甲状腺右叶显像剂分布较对侧稀疏(图1 A),甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)7.3 IU/ml、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPO-Ab) 137.8 IU/ml;既往体健。查体:甲状腺右叶触及约5 cm×5 cm质韧肿物,无触痛。