OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations between the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and apoptosis and angiogenesis in lung carcinomas. METHODS A 829 microarray of the paraffin tissue chips was...OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations between the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and apoptosis and angiogenesis in lung carcinomas. METHODS A 829 microarray of the paraffin tissue chips was constructed, which contained 196 lung carcinomas, 10 normal lung tissues, and 1 muscular tissue. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical SP method were used to detect apoptosis and expression of TTF-1 and CD34 in different types of lung carcinomas. A Leica Q500 MC image analysis system was used to measure and calculate TTF-1 positive unit (PU), apoptotic index (AI) and microvessel density (MVD). RESULTS AI of lung small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma were smaller than those of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.000). AI of lung carcinomas with lymph node metastases was smaller than that of those without (P = 0.039). AI of lung carcinomas in TNM stage I-IV was smaller than that in stage I (P = 0.008). The PU of the TTF-1 was negatively correlated with AI in small cell lung carcinoma (r = -0.752, P = 0.000). MVD of lung carcinomas without lymph node metastases was smaller than that of those with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.031). MVD of lung carcinomas in TNM stage I was smaller than that in stage I-IV (P = 0.040). The PU of TTF-1 was positively correlated with MVD in lung adenocarcinoma (r = 0.708, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION There is a negative correlation between TTF-1 PU and AI in small cell lung carcinoma. TTF-1 PU and AI may be correlated with each other. There is a positive correlation between TTF-1 PU and MVD in lung adenocarcinoma. TTF-1 may induce the development of lung adenocarcinoma by inducing tumor angiogenesis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To compare the expression of the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in human normal adult type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, embryonic pneumocytes and cancer cells of lung carcinoma and metastatic lymp...OBJECTIVE To compare the expression of the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in human normal adult type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, embryonic pneumocytes and cancer cells of lung carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes using a tissue microarray (TMA) along with paired conventional full sections, and to investigate the reliability of tissue microarrays in detecting protein expression in lung carcinoma. METHODS A lung carcinoma TMA including 765 cores was constructed. TTF-1 protein expression in both TMA and paired conventional full sections were detected by the immunohistochemical SP method using a monoclonal antibody to TTF-1. A PU (Positive Unit) of TTF-1 protein was assessed quantitatively by the Leica Q500MC image analysis system with results from the paired conventional full sections as controls. RESULTS There was no significance between TMA and paired conventional full sections in TTF-1 expression in different nuclei of the lung tissue. CONCLUSION TTF-1 protein expression in lung carcinoma detected by TMA was highly concordant with that of paired full sections. TMA is a reliable method in detecting protein expression.展开更多
Targeted gene therapy has become a promising approach for lung cancer treatment.In our previous work,we reported that the targeted expression of microRNA-7(miR-7)operated by thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1)promot...Targeted gene therapy has become a promising approach for lung cancer treatment.In our previous work,we reported that the targeted expression of microRNA-7(miR-7)operated by thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1)promoter inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo;however,the intervention efficiency needed to be further improved.In this study,we identified the core promoter of TTF-1(from-1299 bp to-871 bp)by 5’deletion assay and screened out the putative transcription factors nuclear factor-1(NF-1)and activator protein-1(AP-1).Further analysis revealed that the expression level of NF-1,but not AP-1,was positively connected with the activation of TTF-1 core promoter in human non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Moreover,the silencing of NF-1 could reduce the expression level of miR-7 operated by TTF-1 core promoter.Of note,we optimized four distinct sequences to form additional NF-1-binding sites(TGGCA)in the sequence of TTF-1 core promoter(termed asTTF-1 promoter),and verified the binding efficiency of NF-1 on theTTF-1 promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).As expected,theTTF-1 promoter could more effectively drive miR-7 expression and inhibit the growth of human NSCLC cells in vitro,accompanied by a reduced transduction of NADH dehydrogenase(ubiquinone)1αsubcomplex 4(NDUFA4)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway.Consistently,TTF-1 promoter-driven miR-7expression could also effectively abrogate the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in a murine xenograft model of human NSCLC.Finally,no significant changes were detected in the biological indicators or the histology of some important tissues and organs,including heart,liver,and spleen.On the whole,our study revealed that the optimized TTF-1 promoter could more effectively operate miR-7 to influence the growth of human NSCLC cells,providing a new basis for the development of microRNA-based targeting gene therapy against clinical lung cancer.展开更多
Duplication cyst of the stomach with a pseudostratifie columnar ciliated epithelium is extremely rare.We de scribe two cases of these cysts,with emphasis on the immunophenotype and embryogenesis.The first patien was a...Duplication cyst of the stomach with a pseudostratifie columnar ciliated epithelium is extremely rare.We de scribe two cases of these cysts,with emphasis on the immunophenotype and embryogenesis.The first patien was a 29-year-old man who presented with crampin abdominal pain in his left lower quadrant.The secon patient was a 26-year-old woman who had a history over several years,of chronic epigastric abdominal pai radiating to her back.Both lesions were surgically re moved.They showed the same histomorphology.Th cysts were lined by a pseudostratified respiratory ep thelium with ciliated cells.The first cyst was connecte to the stomach,while the second cyst was not connect ed.Both cysts expressed thyroid transcription factor(TTF-1) and surfactant.In this report,we explore th possible embryogenesis of these lesions in the light o TTF-1 and surfactant expression.展开更多
We report here on a case of duodenal metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma. A 69-year old man was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Four courses of combined chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel...We report here on a case of duodenal metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma. A 69-year old man was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Four courses of combined chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel associated with irradiation of 60 Gy shrunk the lung tumor. However, soon after,the para-aortic lymph node became swollen. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed three duodenal tumors. Differential diagnosis between malignant lymphoma and metastatic duodenal cancer was endoscopically difficult. The histology of biopsied specimens was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a positive reaction for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Thus, we concluded that these were metastatic duodenal tumors from lung adenocarcinoma. Two courses of gemcitabine led to a complete remission in this duodenal metastasisand para-aortic lymph node swelling with only scarring remaining in computed tomography. He is now on the continuous generalized chemotherapy. In conclusion, duodenal metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma is rare and hard to diagnose. In such an instance, TTF-1 immunostaining is crucial to obtain the correct diagnosis.展开更多
The HIV-1 LTR controls the expression of HIV-1 viral genes and thus is critical for viral propagation and pathology. Numerous host factors have been shown to participate in the regulation of the LTR promoter. Among th...The HIV-1 LTR controls the expression of HIV-1 viral genes and thus is critical for viral propagation and pathology. Numerous host factors have been shown to participate in the regulation of the LTR promoter. Among them is the thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (TR). TR has been shown to bind to the critical region of the promoter that contain the NFbB and Sp1 binding sites. Interestingly, earlier transient transfection studies in tissue culture cells have yielded contradicting conclusions on the role of TR in LTR regulation, likely due to the use of different cell types and/or lack of proper chromatin organization. Here, using the frog oocyte as a model system that allows replication-coupled chromatin assembly, mimicking that in somatic cells, we demonstrate that unliganded heterodimers of TR and RXR (9-cis retinoic acid receptor) repress LTR while the addition of T3 relieves the repression and further activates the promoter. More importantly, we show that chromatin and unliganded TR/RXR synergize to repress the promoter in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner.展开更多
To investigate the regulation of tumor sup-pressor XAF1 gene expression in digestive system cancers,we studied XAF1 gene promoter transcription activity and mRNA level in digestive system cancer cell lines(human hepat...To investigate the regulation of tumor sup-pressor XAF1 gene expression in digestive system cancers,we studied XAF1 gene promoter transcription activity and mRNA level in digestive system cancer cell lines(human hepatoma cell line HepG2,human colon cancer cell line LoVo,and human gastric cancer cell line AGS)and nontumor cell lines(human embryonic liver cell line L02(L02 cells)and human embryonic kidney 293 cells[HEK293 cells])as controls.1395-bp-promoter fragment of XAF1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and cloned into pGL3-basic vector and pEGFP-1 vector to assay its promoter transcription activity.The plasmids were transfected into a variety of cell lines by lipofectamine 2000.The promoter transcription activity was determined by dual-luciferase report assay,and enhanced greenfluorescent protein(EGFP)-positive cells were detected byfluorescence microscope.The expression of XAF1 mRNA in HEK293 and L02 were significantly higher than that in any of the three digestive system cancer cell lines.The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the promoter transcription activity in digestive system tumor cell lines transfected with pGL3-XAF1p promoter was apparently lower than that of both HEK293 and L02 cells.Expression of greenfluorescent protein(GFP)under the control of XAF1 promoter in the three digestive system cancer cell lines was lower than that of both HEK293 and L02 cells.The activities of pGL3-XAF1p in the three digestive system cancer cell lines after treatment with heat stress were significantly lower than those in the unstressed cells.The results suggested that remarkably down-regulated XAF1 mRNA expression in digestive system cancer cell lines may be due to loss of transcription activity of XAF1 promoter.展开更多
Objective: To study the correlation of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and Napsin A expression in CT-guided percutaneous puncture tissue with the malignant biology of cancer cells. Methods: The lung tissues tha...Objective: To study the correlation of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and Napsin A expression in CT-guided percutaneous puncture tissue with the malignant biology of cancer cells. Methods: The lung tissues that were obtained from CT-guided percutaneous puncture in Tongchuan People's Hospital between March 2015 and December 2017 were selected and pathologically diagnosed with lung cancer tissues (n=78) and benign tissues (n=40), the RNA was extracted, and then the expression levels of TTF-1, NapsinA, oncogenes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes were determined. Results: TTF-1, Pim1, C-myc, Nr4a1, KLF4 and N-cadherin mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in benign tissues whereas NapsinA, Rb, LKB1, HIPK2 and E-cadherin mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those in benign tissues;Pim1 and C-myc mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues with high TTF-1 expression were significantly higher than those in lung cancer tissues with low TTF-1 expression whereas Rb and LKB1 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those in lung cancer tissues with low TTF-1 expression;HIPK2 and E-cadherin mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues with high NapsinA expression were significantly higher than those in lung cancer tissues with low NapsinA expression whereas Nr4a1, KLF4 and N-cadherin mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those in lung cancer tissues with low NapsinA expression. Conclusion: The high expression of TTF-1 and the low expression NapsinA in CT-guided percutaneous puncture tissue can promote the cancer cell proliferation and EMT respectively.展开更多
Breast metastasis from extra-mammary malignancy is rare. An incidence of 0.4% to 1.3% has been reported in literature. The primary malignancies that most commonly metastasize to the breast are leukemia, lymphoma, and ...Breast metastasis from extra-mammary malignancy is rare. An incidence of 0.4% to 1.3% has been reported in literature. The primary malignancies that most commonly metastasize to the breast are leukemia, lymphoma, and malignant melanoma. In this report, two cases of pulmonary metastasis to the breast were presented. A 40-year-old female manifested a right breast mass of 2-month duration. After physical examination was performed, a poorly defined mass was noted in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Another 49-year-old female manifested right breast mass of 5-day duration. A poorly defined mass was noted in the lower inner quadrant of the right breast. Mammography results also revealed breast cancer. The patients underwent local excision. After histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted, a primary lung carcinoma that metastasized to the breast was diagnosed. An accurate differentiation of metastasis to the breast from primary breast cancer is very important because the treatment and prognosis of the two differ significantly.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations between the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and apoptosis and angiogenesis in lung carcinomas. METHODS A 829 microarray of the paraffin tissue chips was constructed, which contained 196 lung carcinomas, 10 normal lung tissues, and 1 muscular tissue. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical SP method were used to detect apoptosis and expression of TTF-1 and CD34 in different types of lung carcinomas. A Leica Q500 MC image analysis system was used to measure and calculate TTF-1 positive unit (PU), apoptotic index (AI) and microvessel density (MVD). RESULTS AI of lung small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma were smaller than those of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.000). AI of lung carcinomas with lymph node metastases was smaller than that of those without (P = 0.039). AI of lung carcinomas in TNM stage I-IV was smaller than that in stage I (P = 0.008). The PU of the TTF-1 was negatively correlated with AI in small cell lung carcinoma (r = -0.752, P = 0.000). MVD of lung carcinomas without lymph node metastases was smaller than that of those with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.031). MVD of lung carcinomas in TNM stage I was smaller than that in stage I-IV (P = 0.040). The PU of TTF-1 was positively correlated with MVD in lung adenocarcinoma (r = 0.708, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION There is a negative correlation between TTF-1 PU and AI in small cell lung carcinoma. TTF-1 PU and AI may be correlated with each other. There is a positive correlation between TTF-1 PU and MVD in lung adenocarcinoma. TTF-1 may induce the development of lung adenocarcinoma by inducing tumor angiogenesis.
基金the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30271462)the science and technology planning project of Guangdong Province (No. 2KM04501S)the principal science and technology project of Guangzhou City (No. 2003Z2-E0061, E0062).
文摘OBJECTIVE To compare the expression of the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in human normal adult type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, embryonic pneumocytes and cancer cells of lung carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes using a tissue microarray (TMA) along with paired conventional full sections, and to investigate the reliability of tissue microarrays in detecting protein expression in lung carcinoma. METHODS A lung carcinoma TMA including 765 cores was constructed. TTF-1 protein expression in both TMA and paired conventional full sections were detected by the immunohistochemical SP method using a monoclonal antibody to TTF-1. A PU (Positive Unit) of TTF-1 protein was assessed quantitatively by the Leica Q500MC image analysis system with results from the paired conventional full sections as controls. RESULTS There was no significance between TMA and paired conventional full sections in TTF-1 expression in different nuclei of the lung tissue. CONCLUSION TTF-1 protein expression in lung carcinoma detected by TMA was highly concordant with that of paired full sections. TMA is a reliable method in detecting protein expression.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32160178,82160503,31760258,and 81960509)the Project of the Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Nos.QKH-JC-2018-1428,QKHZC-2020-4Y156,and QKH-JC-ZK-2022-624)+1 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.2020-39)the Program for Excellent Young Talents of Zunyi Medical University(No.15ZY-001),China。
文摘Targeted gene therapy has become a promising approach for lung cancer treatment.In our previous work,we reported that the targeted expression of microRNA-7(miR-7)operated by thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1)promoter inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo;however,the intervention efficiency needed to be further improved.In this study,we identified the core promoter of TTF-1(from-1299 bp to-871 bp)by 5’deletion assay and screened out the putative transcription factors nuclear factor-1(NF-1)and activator protein-1(AP-1).Further analysis revealed that the expression level of NF-1,but not AP-1,was positively connected with the activation of TTF-1 core promoter in human non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Moreover,the silencing of NF-1 could reduce the expression level of miR-7 operated by TTF-1 core promoter.Of note,we optimized four distinct sequences to form additional NF-1-binding sites(TGGCA)in the sequence of TTF-1 core promoter(termed asTTF-1 promoter),and verified the binding efficiency of NF-1 on theTTF-1 promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).As expected,theTTF-1 promoter could more effectively drive miR-7 expression and inhibit the growth of human NSCLC cells in vitro,accompanied by a reduced transduction of NADH dehydrogenase(ubiquinone)1αsubcomplex 4(NDUFA4)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway.Consistently,TTF-1 promoter-driven miR-7expression could also effectively abrogate the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in a murine xenograft model of human NSCLC.Finally,no significant changes were detected in the biological indicators or the histology of some important tissues and organs,including heart,liver,and spleen.On the whole,our study revealed that the optimized TTF-1 promoter could more effectively operate miR-7 to influence the growth of human NSCLC cells,providing a new basis for the development of microRNA-based targeting gene therapy against clinical lung cancer.
文摘Duplication cyst of the stomach with a pseudostratifie columnar ciliated epithelium is extremely rare.We de scribe two cases of these cysts,with emphasis on the immunophenotype and embryogenesis.The first patien was a 29-year-old man who presented with crampin abdominal pain in his left lower quadrant.The secon patient was a 26-year-old woman who had a history over several years,of chronic epigastric abdominal pai radiating to her back.Both lesions were surgically re moved.They showed the same histomorphology.Th cysts were lined by a pseudostratified respiratory ep thelium with ciliated cells.The first cyst was connecte to the stomach,while the second cyst was not connect ed.Both cysts expressed thyroid transcription factor(TTF-1) and surfactant.In this report,we explore th possible embryogenesis of these lesions in the light o TTF-1 and surfactant expression.
文摘We report here on a case of duodenal metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma. A 69-year old man was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Four courses of combined chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel associated with irradiation of 60 Gy shrunk the lung tumor. However, soon after,the para-aortic lymph node became swollen. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed three duodenal tumors. Differential diagnosis between malignant lymphoma and metastatic duodenal cancer was endoscopically difficult. The histology of biopsied specimens was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a positive reaction for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Thus, we concluded that these were metastatic duodenal tumors from lung adenocarcinoma. Two courses of gemcitabine led to a complete remission in this duodenal metastasisand para-aortic lymph node swelling with only scarring remaining in computed tomography. He is now on the continuous generalized chemotherapy. In conclusion, duodenal metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma is rare and hard to diagnose. In such an instance, TTF-1 immunostaining is crucial to obtain the correct diagnosis.
文摘The HIV-1 LTR controls the expression of HIV-1 viral genes and thus is critical for viral propagation and pathology. Numerous host factors have been shown to participate in the regulation of the LTR promoter. Among them is the thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (TR). TR has been shown to bind to the critical region of the promoter that contain the NFbB and Sp1 binding sites. Interestingly, earlier transient transfection studies in tissue culture cells have yielded contradicting conclusions on the role of TR in LTR regulation, likely due to the use of different cell types and/or lack of proper chromatin organization. Here, using the frog oocyte as a model system that allows replication-coupled chromatin assembly, mimicking that in somatic cells, we demonstrate that unliganded heterodimers of TR and RXR (9-cis retinoic acid receptor) repress LTR while the addition of T3 relieves the repression and further activates the promoter. More importantly, we show that chromatin and unliganded TR/RXR synergize to repress the promoter in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.30872237)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20070487007)the National Program for Basic Research(973 project)of China(No.2007CB512900).
文摘To investigate the regulation of tumor sup-pressor XAF1 gene expression in digestive system cancers,we studied XAF1 gene promoter transcription activity and mRNA level in digestive system cancer cell lines(human hepatoma cell line HepG2,human colon cancer cell line LoVo,and human gastric cancer cell line AGS)and nontumor cell lines(human embryonic liver cell line L02(L02 cells)and human embryonic kidney 293 cells[HEK293 cells])as controls.1395-bp-promoter fragment of XAF1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and cloned into pGL3-basic vector and pEGFP-1 vector to assay its promoter transcription activity.The plasmids were transfected into a variety of cell lines by lipofectamine 2000.The promoter transcription activity was determined by dual-luciferase report assay,and enhanced greenfluorescent protein(EGFP)-positive cells were detected byfluorescence microscope.The expression of XAF1 mRNA in HEK293 and L02 were significantly higher than that in any of the three digestive system cancer cell lines.The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the promoter transcription activity in digestive system tumor cell lines transfected with pGL3-XAF1p promoter was apparently lower than that of both HEK293 and L02 cells.Expression of greenfluorescent protein(GFP)under the control of XAF1 promoter in the three digestive system cancer cell lines was lower than that of both HEK293 and L02 cells.The activities of pGL3-XAF1p in the three digestive system cancer cell lines after treatment with heat stress were significantly lower than those in the unstressed cells.The results suggested that remarkably down-regulated XAF1 mRNA expression in digestive system cancer cell lines may be due to loss of transcription activity of XAF1 promoter.
文摘Objective: To study the correlation of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and Napsin A expression in CT-guided percutaneous puncture tissue with the malignant biology of cancer cells. Methods: The lung tissues that were obtained from CT-guided percutaneous puncture in Tongchuan People's Hospital between March 2015 and December 2017 were selected and pathologically diagnosed with lung cancer tissues (n=78) and benign tissues (n=40), the RNA was extracted, and then the expression levels of TTF-1, NapsinA, oncogenes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes were determined. Results: TTF-1, Pim1, C-myc, Nr4a1, KLF4 and N-cadherin mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in benign tissues whereas NapsinA, Rb, LKB1, HIPK2 and E-cadherin mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those in benign tissues;Pim1 and C-myc mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues with high TTF-1 expression were significantly higher than those in lung cancer tissues with low TTF-1 expression whereas Rb and LKB1 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those in lung cancer tissues with low TTF-1 expression;HIPK2 and E-cadherin mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues with high NapsinA expression were significantly higher than those in lung cancer tissues with low NapsinA expression whereas Nr4a1, KLF4 and N-cadherin mRNA expression levels were significantly lower than those in lung cancer tissues with low NapsinA expression. Conclusion: The high expression of TTF-1 and the low expression NapsinA in CT-guided percutaneous puncture tissue can promote the cancer cell proliferation and EMT respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81172532) the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No.TRT0743)
文摘Breast metastasis from extra-mammary malignancy is rare. An incidence of 0.4% to 1.3% has been reported in literature. The primary malignancies that most commonly metastasize to the breast are leukemia, lymphoma, and malignant melanoma. In this report, two cases of pulmonary metastasis to the breast were presented. A 40-year-old female manifested a right breast mass of 2-month duration. After physical examination was performed, a poorly defined mass was noted in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Another 49-year-old female manifested right breast mass of 5-day duration. A poorly defined mass was noted in the lower inner quadrant of the right breast. Mammography results also revealed breast cancer. The patients underwent local excision. After histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted, a primary lung carcinoma that metastasized to the breast was diagnosed. An accurate differentiation of metastasis to the breast from primary breast cancer is very important because the treatment and prognosis of the two differ significantly.