Orbital decompression surgery and horse chestnut seed extract improved superior orbital vein blood flow in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO）. METHODS： Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD＋HCSE at 1：1 ratio （31 received OD alone, 31 received OD ＋HCSE）. Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits, The effect of OD ＋HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow （SOVBF） parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS： OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD ＋HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cmls in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-voiecity （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.

CT features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To investigate computed tomography (CT) features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: A total of 605 eyes of 325 patients with exophthalmos due to TAO were classified as grade Ⅰ (mild exophthalmos) or Ⅱ (severe exophthalmos) based on orbital CT imaging. The increased orbital volume features, such as changes from extraocular muscles, orbital fat, or both, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 605 eyes were analyzed, among them 62.98% presented grade Ⅰ exophthalmos, while 36.02% showed grade Ⅱ exophthalmos. In grade Ⅰ, 56.69% showed orbital fat change, and in grade Ⅱ, 89.29% exhibited extraocular muscle enlargement. CONCLUSION: Orbital fat and extraocular muscle enlargement are likely to be observed on CTs of subjects with mild and severe exophthalmos, respectively. Our results suggest that CT findings may guide TAO clinical therapy recommendations and prognosis.

Presence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

·AIM: To determine the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto’s patients and to make a comparison in subgroups of patients·METHODS: The study involved 110 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 50 control subjects attending to the endocrinology department of the hospital. Subgroup classification of patients was made as euthyroid,subclinic and clinic in Hashimato’s thyroiditis. All patients were evaluated by a single experienced ophthalmologist for the prevalence and characteristics of eye signs.·RESULTS:Theoverallprevalencesofeyechanges were22.7%(25 patients) in patients and 4%(2 persons) in control subjects respectively(P =0.002). In patients the most common symptom was retrobulbar eye pain with or without any eye movement. Thirteen patients had significant upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. In control patients one person had proptosis and another had lid retraction. The clinical activity score and classification of the ophthalmopathy did not show any significant differences among subgroups.·CONCLUSION:Theeyesignsweremostlymild(22.7%)and the most common eye sign was the presence of upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Additionally six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. Therefore we recommend to make a routine ophthalmic examination in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients in order not to omit the associated ophthalmopathy.

Epigenetics effect on pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune disease.Recent studies have found the aberrant epigenetics in TAO,including DNA methylation,noncoding RNAs,and histone modification.Many genes have an aberrant level of methylation in TAO.For example,higher levels are found in CD14,MBP,ANGLE1,LYAR and lower levels in DRD4 and BOLL.Non-coding RNAs are involved in the immune response(miR-146a,miR-155,miR-96,miR-183),fibrosis regulation(miR-146a,miR-21,miR-29),adipogenesis(miR-27)and are thought to play roles in TAO.MicroRNA is also related to the clinical activity score(miR-Let7d-5p)and may be a predictor of glucocorticoid therapy(miR-224-5p).The quantities of H4 in TAO are increased compared with euthyroid control subjects,and the role of histone modifications in Graves*disease may lead to better understanding of its role in TAO.More studies are needed to explain the role of epigenetics in TAO and provide potential therapeutic strategies.

Reduced choroidal peripapillary capillaries in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with early stage of dysthyroid optic neuropathy

AIM: To investigate whether the subtle change of choroidal/retinal vessel densities and volumes in thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy(TAO) could be an early sign to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON). METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, and a total of 98 eyes from 50 subjects were enrolled under certain criteria. Thirty-four eyes of normal controls and 64 eyes of TAO, including 39 eyes of DON and 25 eyes of TAO without DON, underwent optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) scanning. All the tested parameters of OCTA scanning including choroid radial peripapillary capillaries(RPC), retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL), and macular ganglion cell complex(GCC) were compared among groups, and the correlation between OCTA parameters and visual function parameters was also investigated. RESULTS: Whole choroidal RPC was significantly reduced in DON(48.24%±0.4978%) compared to normal(50.33%±0.3173%) and TAO without DON(49.16%±0.5463%;P=0.0041). The reduction of whole choroidal RPC was also correlated with visual field(VF) defect in DON(r=0.5422, n=39). Although vision acuity and VF were improved in all the patients with DON after being treated with medical and surgical decompression, the reduction of RPC density were not reversed.CONCLUSION: There is a notable reduction in choroidal RPC in DON, which is correlated with VF defect. The reduction of RPC density could not be reversed immediately by medical and surgical decompression even when vision and VF were improved. These findings suggest that choroidal RPC could be a useful parameter to diagnose and monitor early stage of DON.

The role of cell mediated immunopathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Currently, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) lacks effective treatment due to our lack of clarity in its immunopathogenesis. Orbital fibroblasts play a key role in altering inflammation and immune response in TAO, and are considered as the key target and effector cells in its pathogenesis. The orbit infiltrating CD34+ fibrocytes add on to the process by expressing high levels of autoantigens and inflammatory cytokines, while also differentiating into myofibroblasts or adipocytes. This review focuses on the role of orbital fibroblasts and CD34+ fibrocytes in the pathogenesis of TAO, highlighting the basis of emerging treatments.

The effect of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids and orbital decompression surgery on sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(iv GC) and orbital decompression(OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from patients with sight-threatening TAO [definite or highly suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)] treated with iv GC(60 cases) and OD(25 cases) was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2001 and January 2009. Patients were initially treated with iv GC(iv GC group). If no significant improvement in visual function was obtained, they then received OD surgery(OD group). The pre-versus post-treatment efficacies of either iv GC or OD in these patients were assessed using several indices, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular alignment, ocular motility, and exophthalmos. RESULTS: Nighty-one eyes had definite DON while 79 were considered to have highly suspected DON. In the iv GC group, 51 individuals(85.0%) eventually demonstrated normal vision, while 10 patients(16.7%) demonstrated a reduction in deviation(P<0.01), and 35 cases(58.3%) showed slight improvements in ocular motility(P<0.01). In OD group, visual acuity improved in 24 cases(96.0%, P<0.01) and all patients showed varying reductions of exophthalmos(mean: 4.35±1.13 mm, P<0.01). Eight cases(32.0%) experienced an 8-15 PD reduction of deviation and ocular motility improved in 12 cases(48.0%), while 3 patients(12.0%) developed new-onset strabismus with diplopia post-surgically(P<0.01). Patients were followed up at an average of 1.55±1.07 y. CONCLUSION: Both iv GC and OD show good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of sight-threatening TAO. Thepresence of extremely poor eyesight(≥0.5 log MAR) was corrected in some patients with iv GC alone, thus sparing these patients from subsequent OD surgery. In patients who were refractory to steroids, subsequent OD surgery often provided satisfactory outcomes, however, new-onset strabismus with diplopia was observed in 12.0% of these cases.

Culture and Differentiation of Human Orbital Preadipocytes in Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy

Purpose: To identify whether there are preadipocytes in the orbits of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients and whether they possess the capacity to undergo adipocytic differentiation.Methods: Orbital fat tissue from TAO patients was placed in primary culture and proliferating cells were sub-passaged. The preadiocytes were identified with immunohistochemistry. Confluent preadipocytes were subjected to a differentiation protocol. And Peroxisome proliferators-associated receptorγ (PPARγ)transcript levels were determined before and after differentiation.Result: In primary culture, cells were spindly and showed positive immunostaining for preadipocyte factor-1 (pref-1 ) protein. During the process of differentiation, orbital cells showed evidence of adipogenesis and relatively greater PPARγ gene expression with differentiation.Conclusion: There are active preadipocytes in the orbital tissue of TAO patients which might be able to undergo adipocyte differentiation. These observations suggest that the preadipocytes differentiation contributed to excess orbital adipose tissue volume in TAO.

Hertel Exophthalmometry and Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Exophthalmos in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Objective: To compare the values of exophthalmos measured by computed tomography (CT) and Hertel exophthalmometry (HE) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy eyes were examined in 85 patients with TAO. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, Hertel exophthalmometry, and CT of the orbits through a 16-slice CT scanner (Bright Speed, General Electric), measuring the extraocular muscles, the total muscle thickness sum (MTS), and proptosis. The patients were divided into two groups-with activity and without TAO activity, the activity being assessed by means of the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and the severity-according to the EUGOGO classification. Results: TAO activity was detected in 45 patients (90 eyes, 53%) with MTS of 23.54 ± 5.73 mm, IOP of 19.78 ± 4.49 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 23.08 ± 4.19 mm and measured by CT-23.32 ± 4.33 mm. Forty patients (80 eyes, 47%) were without TAO activity, with MTS of 19.28 ± 4.03, IOP of 16.6 ± 4.51 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 20.03 ± 3.84 mm and measured by CT-19.84 ± 4.47 mm. A correlation was detected between exophthalmos and: MTS, IOP, the activity and severity of TАО. High congruence was established between the two methods of measuring exophthalmos-CT and HE (Pearson correlation, r = 0.690, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our results showed a high degree of consistency between Hertel exophthalmometry and multidetector CT for the evaluation of exophthalmos in patients with TAO. Exophthalmos is an important clinical feature and its measurement and monitoring over time assess the clinical course and outcome of treatment.

Role of Peripheral Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Patients with Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy During Systemic Glucocorticoid Treatment:A Prospective Observational Study

Objective Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune disorder involving the orbital tissue.This study aimed to understand the role of regulatory T cells(Tregs)in TAO during 12-week systemic glucocorticoid(GC)treatment.Methods Thirty-two moderate-severe TAO patients with a clinical activity score(CAS)≥3/7 or with prolonged T2 relaxation time(T2RT)on at least one side of extraocular muscle(EOM)were enrolled.The percentage of the peripheral CD4+CD25(high)CD127(−/low)Tregs was analyzed using flow cytometry before and after the GC treatment.The activity and severity of TAO,T2RT,and the clinical outcomes after the GC treatment were assessed.Their correlation with the peripheral Tregs was investigated.Results There was no significant association between the baseline Treg fraction and the activity and severity of TAO or the treatment response.A significant reduction of Tregs was observed after the GC therapy merely in patients without any clinical improvement.Conclusion Treg reduction after systemic GC therapy is indicative of a poor therapeutic response.Accordingly,dynamic alterations of Tregs could help to evaluate the effectiveness of the GC treatment.

Frequency of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells associated with disease activity in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

AIM： To investigate the association between IL-10-producing regulatory B（B10） cells and the clinical features of thyroid-associated orbitopathy（TAO）. METHODS： A total of 30 patients with TAO were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from May 2015 to December 2015. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） were separated from blood samples of 30 TAO patients and 16 healthy controls and stimulated with CD40 ligand and CpG for 48h. The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells was examined by flow cytometry and the correlation between the frequency of IL-10＋ B cells and clinical features of TAO was analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS： The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells among CD19＋ B cells in TAO patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls（TAO： 4.66%±1.88% vs healthy control： 6.82%±2.40%, P〈0.01）. The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells showed a positive correlation with disease activity of TAO measured by Clinical Activity Score（CAS）（r=0.50, P〈0.01）, and became higher in TAO patients with family history of Graves＇ disease（GD）（P=0.04）. CONCLUSION： The decrease of the frequency of IL-10＋ B cells in TAO patients indicates the deficiency of B10 cells in TAO, and the positive association with disease activity suggests its important role in TAO inflammation regulation.

Tea Polyphenols Reduce Inflammation of Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves’Ophthalmopathy via the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway

Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of tea polyphenols(TP)on inflammation of orbital fibroblasts in Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)and to provide new ideas for GO treatment.Methods:Primary orbital fibroblasts were extracted from orbital adipose/connective tissues of patients with and without GO.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1 in non-GO and GO orbital fibroblasts.The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the appropriate concentration of TP for subsequent experiments.RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were performed to investigate the effects of TP on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of inflammatory cytokines.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)expression was measured using Western blotting analysis.NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3)expression was detected using both Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining.Results:The mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1 in GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly higher than those in non-GO cells.TP treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory factors,including IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1.TP also inhibited the expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3.Inflammation in the GO orbital fibroblasts was higher than that in non-GO cells.TP inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in GO orbital fibroblasts in vitro through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Conclusion:These findings suggest that TP may have a potential role in GO treatment.

CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞与甲状腺相关性眼病患者疾病活动度相关性研究

目的:探讨甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者外周血CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例变化与病情活动度的关系。方法:采用流式细胞术检测TAO患者和健康对照组CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例,分析TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与健康对照组的差异,并分析CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与TAO疾病活动度之间的相关性。结果:TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例明显低于健康对照(P<0.05);活动性TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例细胞显著低于非活动性TAO患者;CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与TAO患者CAS评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.7128,P<0.001)。结论:TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例降低,与疾病活动度呈负相关。

血脂联合磁共振参数在甲状腺相关性眼病糖皮质激素治疗疗效预测中的价值

目的:评估血清脂代谢指标联合眼眶磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)定量参数在预测中重度活动期甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)治疗疗效中的价值。方法:回顾性纳入44例接受GC治疗的中重度活动期TAO患者,根据GC疗效将患者分为敏感组(n=28)和抵抗组(n=16)。收集两组患者在GC治疗前的血清脂代谢指标和基于眼眶MRI测得的泪腺突出度/眼眶脂肪厚度(lacrimal gland herniation/orbital fat thickness,LGH/OFT)及其他临床参数,并比较两组间各参数差异。采用Logistic回归和受试者工作特征曲线分析与GC治疗疗效相关的独立预测因子并评估其预测价值。结果:敏感组患者血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于抵抗组(P=0.005,P=0.019),且敏感组病程更短(P=0.037)。敏感组患者LGH/OFT显著高于抵抗组(P<0.001)。总胆固醇和LGH/OFT是TAO患者激素是否敏感的独立预测因子(OR值分别为0.230、1.395_(每0.1单位),P均<0.05)。联合血清总胆固醇≤4.8 mmol/L和LGH/OFT≥1.51预测GC治疗敏感性,可以获得最佳预测效能(曲线下面积为0.838,灵敏度为87.5%,特异度为65.6%)。结论:血脂参数和眼眶MRI定量参数均可预测中重度活动期TAO患者GC治疗敏感性,两者联合可进一步提高预测效能。

磁共振T2-mapping评估Graves眼病活动性的价值

目的探讨磁共振T_(2)-mapping在Graves眼病(GO)活动性评估方面的价值。方法收集2019年7月-2021年1月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科就诊的GO患者64例,使用计算机对其进行简单随机分组,其中49例作为观察研究对象,另外15例进行诊断试验评价。按照临床活动性评分(CAS)将49例GO患者分为活动组(CAS≥3分,48只患眼)与非活动组(CAS<3分,50只患眼)。同期招募31名健康志愿者作为正常对照组,共62只眼。所有人均行3.0T眼眶磁共振T_(2)-mapping成像。在T_(2)-mapping冠状位图像上测量上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌眼球后5个层面的T_(2)弛豫时间(T_(2)RT),每块眼外肌分别取眼球后5个层面的T_(2)RT最大值来代表该眼外肌的T_(2)RT,最后取4块眼外肌T_(2)RT中的最大值,以眼外肌最大T_(2)RT表示。比较活动组、非活动组与正常对照组间上述5个指标(上直肌T_(2)RT、下直肌T_(2)RT、内直肌T_(2)RT、外直肌T_(2)RT、眼外肌最大T_(2)RT)的差异;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析上述5个指标对GO活动性评估的诊断价值,得出诊断阈值,然后利用另外15例GO患者进行诊断试验评价,确定诊断效能较高的指标及其诊断活动性的阈值。结果活动组所有眼外肌的T_(2)RT均明显高于非活动组及正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,上直肌、下直肌、内直肌、外直肌、眼外肌的最大T_(2)RT判断活动性的截断值分别为80.200 ms、97.045 ms、94.355 ms、85.750 ms、101.385 ms。利用另外15例GO患者进行诊断试验评价,综合评估敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高的指标为下直肌T_(2)RT、眼外肌最大T_(2)RT,其判断活动性的截断值分别为97.045 ms、101.385 ms;敏感度分别为91.7%、93.8%;特异度均为80.0%。结论磁共振T_(2)-mapping序列对评估GO的活动性具有良好价值。临床上可选择测量下直肌T_(2)RT或眼外肌最大T_(2)RT协助评估GO的活动性。

OCTA定量分析甲状腺相关性眼病和甲状腺功能亢进患者黄斑及视盘旁血管密度变化

目的:应用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)定量分析甲状腺相关性眼病(TAO)及甲状腺功能亢进患者黄斑及视盘旁血管密度(VD)的变化,探索能够早期反映TAO发生发展的无创监测指标。方法:采用横断面临床研究。纳入2023-02-2023-06于武汉大学人民医院就诊的活动期TAO患者24例(TAO组)、甲状腺功能亢进无眼部改变患者24例(甲亢组)和体检健康者24例(对照组)。三组受检者均接受黄斑HD 6mm×6mm和视盘HD 4.5mm×4.5mm扫描模式的OCTA检查,并测量浅层及深层视网膜VD、视盘旁放射状毛细血管网VD(ppVD)、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度及中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积,比较三组受检眼上述指标的差异。结果:与对照组比较,TAO组和甲亢组浅层视网膜VD显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与甲亢组比较,TAO组整体、N2及I2区域浅层视网膜VD显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。甲亢组和TAO组中心凹区域深层视网膜VD明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。三组间大部分区域ppVD及RNFL厚度的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。甲亢组和TAO组FAZ面积较对照组均显著扩大(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:甲状腺功能亢进患者在尚未发展为TAO之前已经出现浅层视网膜VD降低及FAZ面积扩大,TAO患者的相关变化较甲状腺功能亢进患者更甚,OCTA有助于早期无创监测相关指标变化。

生物制剂在甲状腺相关眼病中的研究进展

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是一种罕见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,发病机制尚未明确。目前治疗仍主要依赖糖皮质激素和传统免疫抑制剂,部分患者对这些药物反应不佳,同时存在治疗相关不良反应,因此迫切需要治疗TAO的新型药物。近年来,随着对TAO发病机制研究的不断深入,针对特定靶点研发的生物制剂层出不穷,其中靶向胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体(IGF-IR)的替妥木单抗已被美国食品和药物管理局批准用于治疗TAO,还有多种生物制剂处于临床试验阶段。本文通过总结针对IGF-IR、新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)、促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)、B细胞、细胞因子等的生物制剂在TAO中的临床研究现状,分析其对临床治疗及未来研究趋势的影响,为TAO临床防治和研究提供最新参考。

甲状腺相关性眼病患者眼表及肠道菌群的研究进展

甲状腺相关性眼病(TAO)是一种自身免疫性疾病,其病因和发病机制尚未完全明确,目前普遍认为其发生是免疫、遗传、环境等因素共同作用的结果。近年来,学者们开始关注微生物对TAO的影响,认为眼表及肠道菌群失调后能激发免疫系统发生一系列的免疫应答,诱发TAO的自身免疫反应。“肠-眼轴”可能是TAO发病的重要因素之一,肠道菌群及其代谢物可能通过血液循环和淋巴系统影响眼表组织,这种“肠-眼轴”的相互作用可能通过多种途径影响TAO的发生和发展,包括免疫细胞的迁移、交叉免疫反应和代谢物的循环。本文就眼表菌群及肠道菌群失调与TAO的研究进展进行综述,探讨其菌群参与TAO发生发展的可能机制,为TAO的诊断与治疗提供新的思路。

健脾利湿化痰祛瘀法治疗活动期甲状腺相关性眼病临床研究

目的 观察健脾利湿化痰祛瘀法治疗活动期甲状腺相关性眼病(TAO)临床疗效。方法 将90例TAO患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组45例予注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠针静脉滴注治疗,治疗组45例予健脾利湿化痰祛瘀法治疗。疗程12周。比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分,2组治疗前后及第24周随访突眼度、临床活动度评分(CAS)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、透明质酸(HA)水平,统计2组疗效及不良反应情况。结果 治疗组总有效率93.3%(42/45),对照组总有效率68.9%(31/45),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后中医证候各项评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05),对照组治疗后畏光流泪、眼睑肿胀评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05)。2组治疗后及随访时突眼度均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组随访时突眼度低于对照组同期(P<0.05)。2组治疗后及随访时CAS评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组随访时CAS评分低于对照组同期(P<0.05)。2组治疗后及随访时IGF-1、HA水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后及随访时IGF-1、HA水平均低于对照组同期(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 健脾利湿化痰祛瘀法治疗TAO患者疗效显著,能改善眼部症状。

影像学研究格雷夫斯眼病进展

格雷夫斯眼病(GO)为格雷夫斯病最常见甲状腺外表现,与眼眶组织炎症及自身免疫反应相关。临床常采用影像学手段评估GO、辅助分期诊断格雷夫斯病并评估其活动性,预估其对激素治疗的反应。本文就影像学研究GO进展进行综述。