Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

Preparation of Al-Al_3Ti in situ composites by direct reaction method

Al-Al3Ti composites were prepared by a direct reaction method, in which Al3Ti was formed by the reaction of Ti and Al in aluminum alloy melt. The morphology of Al3Ti changes apparently from the fine particle, needle-like to large block with the increase of Al3Ti content. The addition of magnesium can markedly change the morphology of Al3Ti and reduce their size. Short rod-like Al3Ti was formed and homogeneous distribution was obtained with the addition of 3 wt.% Mg. The effect of Al3Ti and Mg on the microstructure of Al-Al3Ti composites and the mechanism were also discussed.

Formation mechanism and growth kinetics of TiAl_(3) phase in cold-rolled Ti/Al laminated composites during annealing

Cold-rolled Ti/Al laminated composites were annealed at 525−625℃for 0−128 h,and the interfacial microstructure evolution was investigated.The results indicate that only the TiAl_(3) phase was formed at the Ti/Al interface;most of TiAl_(3) grains were fine equiaxed with average sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several microns and the TiAl_(3) grain size increased with increasing annealing time and/or temperature,but the effect of annealing temperature on the TiAl_(3) grain size was far greater than that of annealing time.The growth of the TiAl_(3) phase consisted of two stages.The initial stage was governed by chemical reaction with a reaction activation energy of 195.75 kJ/mol,and the reaction rate constant of the TiAl_(3) phase was larger as the Ti/Al interface was bonded with fresh surfaces.At the second stage,the growth was governed by diffusion,the diffusion activation energy was 33.69 kJ/mol,and the diffusion growth rate constant of the TiAl_(3) phase was mainly determined by the grain boundary diffusion owing to the smaller TiAl_(3) grain size.

In-situ Synthesis of Ti_3AlC2/TiC-Al_2O_3 Composite from TiO_2-Al-C System

Ti3AlC2/TiC-Al2O3 composite was synthesized by a combustion reaction in TiO2-Al-C system. The effect of the compositions in raw materials on the products was investigated. Ti3AlC2/TiC-Al2O3 composite was obtained at the molar ratio of TiO2：Al：C=3.0：5.0～5.1：1.8～2.0. The reaction path for the 3TiO2-5Al- 2C system was proposed. Al3Ti, Ti203, TiO, and 6-Al2O3 are found to be transitional phases. Finally, Ti3AlC2/TiC-Al2O3 composite forms at～900℃ of furnace temperature. The measured Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength of the nearly dense sample from 3TiO2-5Al-2C are 13.3±1.1 GPa, 5.8±0.3 MPa.m^1/2, and 466±39 MPa, respectively.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a hot-extruded Al-based composite reinforced with core–shell-structured Ti/Al3Ti

An Al-based composite reinforced with core–shell-structured Ti/Al_3Ti was fabricated through a powder metallurgy route followed by hot extrusion and was found to exhibit promising mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composite sintered at 620°C for 5 h and extruded at a mass ratio of 12.75:1 reached 304 MPa and 14%, respectively, and its compressive deformation reached 60%. The promising mechanical properties are due to the core–shell-structured reinforcement, which is mainly composed of Al_3Ti and Ti and is bonded strongly with the Al matrix, and to the reduced crack sensitivity of Al_3Ti. The refined grains after hot extrusion also contribute to the mechanical properties of this composite. The mechanical properties might be further improved through regulating the relative thickness of Al–Ti intermetallics and Ti metal layers by adjusting the sintering time and the subsequent extrusion process.

Effect of Ti/B Additions on the Formation of Al_3 Ti of in situ TiB_2/Al Composites

A novel technique for fabricating TiB_2/Al composites in molten aluminum was introduced. The formation mechanism of brittleAl,Ti particulates up to 30 m in size produced in the composites was studied and a method of eliminating them was proposed. The resultsshow that (l) the brittle Al,Ti particulates are always present in the composites when the molar ratio of Ti to B 'T,:nB is l:2; and (2) theformation of the brittle Al,Ti phase can be avoided entirely from the final product by using a proper 'T,:nB of l:4 in the Ti-B-Al preforms.In the former case, the tensile elongation of the composite is only 4%, much lower than the value of pure aluminum (20%). In the latercase, the tensile elongation of this composite is 10%, higher than the value of the composite with a lot ofAl,Ti (4%), whereas the ultimatetensile stfength of the former is nearly that of the later.

IN SITU PROCESSING OF Al_(2)O_(3) WHISKERS REINFORCED Ti-Al INTERMETALLIC COMPOSITES

In situ Al2O3 whiskers reinforced Ti-Al intermetallic composites were fabricated at ~1200℃ by reaction sintering of cold-consolidated fillets consisting mainly of Ti, Al, and different additives. The phases and microstructures of the sintered composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The process of synthesis was investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effects of processing parameters and additives on the microstructures of the composites and the development of whisker were examined. It is found that the morphology of the whisker is strongly influenced by the additives, the exothermal reaction process, and the processing parameters.

Aluminum matrix composite reinforced by in-situ formed intermetallic Al_3Ti

The reinforced phase of in situ formed intermetallic compound Al 3Ti with grain size about 0.5?μm in the aluminum matrix composite was achieved by the method of liquid solid reaction under specific condition. The orientations were also studied. The results show that under T6 heat treatment regime, the tensile strength, hardness, elastic modulus and elongation of Al 3Ti/ZL101 in situ composite are increased by 32.8%, 14.4%, 19.2% and 14.6% respectively in comparison with those of ZL101. Al 3Ti is uniformly distributed in α (Al) matrix with a clear phase interface, and the orientation relationship between Al 3Ti and α (Al) is (006) Al 3Ti ∥ (02-2) Al , -22] Al 3Ti ∥ Al 3Ti ∥-0] Al . The strengthening mechanisms of Al 3Ti/ZL101 in situ composite is proved to be caused by fine grain size, spreading distribution and dislocation multiplication. Al . The strengthening mechanisms of Al 3Ti/ZL101 in situ composite is proved to be caused by fine grain size, spreading distribution and dislocation multiplication.

Microstructure and microhardness of Ti_3Al matrix composites produced by XD^(TM) synthesis

XD TM method was used to prepare titanium aluminide(Ti 3Al) matrix composites. The phase constitution and the as cast microstructure of Ti 25Al alloy with different carbon contents have been investigated using XRD and SEM. Microhardness and elastic modulus of the matrix and reinforcements were tested by mechanical property microprobe. In Ti 25Al 0.5C alloy, blocky Ti 3AlC and lath Ti 3AlC were in situ formed as reinforcement, and homogeneously distributed in the matrix. The microhardness and elastic modulus of blocky Ti 3AlC are 14.2 GPa and 281.3 GPa respectively, higher than those of the lath Ti 3AlC about 3 GPa and 60 GPa respectively. When C content is more than 0.5%, dendritic TiC and Ti 3AlC were formed as reinforcement in a core structure, where the TiC core is coated with Ti 3AlC phase. The microhardness and elastic modulus of the reinforcement decrease with increasing distance from the center of the reinforcement and matrix. The maximum microhardness and modulus of TiC and Ti 3AlC are 22.8 GPa, 302.7 GPa and 20.2 GPa, 313.5 GPa, respectively.

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Sm2O3 Doped CeO2 Reinforced Ti3AlC2 Nano Composite

The fabrication process of Sm2O3 doped CeO2 reinforced Ti3AlC2 nano composites including the nano particle dispersion process by a hetero-coagulation process was developed using in-situ synthesis and densification process of Ti3AlC2. The effects of Sm2O2 doped CeO2 nano particles on mechanical properties of Ti3AlC2 were investigated. It was found that the presence of 20SDC nano particles in Ti3AlC2 was very effective to improve the mechanical properties of Ti3AlC2 without spoiling the unique characteristics of Ti3AlC2temary carbide.

Formation and wear behaviors of in-situ Al3Ti/Al composites using aluminum and titanium fibers under electromagnetic induction heating

Under various electromagnetic induction heating powers,different Al3Ti/Al composites were fabricated by in-situ synthesis method from aluminum and titanium fibers.Microstructures and particles distribution of the composites were examined by XRD,SEM and EDS.The results show that no other intermetallic compounds beside Al3Ti can be in-situ synthesized.Around the titanium fibers,the reaction zones and diffusion zones can be obviously found.Due to the stirring of the electromagnetic function,the formation of the micro-cracks inside the reaction zone was conducive to the peeling off of the Al3Ti particles,and ensures the continuous reaction between liquid aluminum and titanium fibers,as well as the diffusion of Al3Ti particles.At the same time,there were secondary splits of Al3Ti particles located in diffusion zones.Two-body abrasion test shows that with the increase of induction heating power,the wear rates of the composites reduced and the number of grooves decreased.

Effect of Nb on the Mechanical Properties of Ti/Al_2O_3 Composite

Ti/Al 2O 3 composite with improved mechanical properties was synthesized by th e spark plasma sintering. The effect of Nb on the microstructure of the composit e was analyzed by TEM, SEM and so on. The experimental results indicate that the bending strength, fracture toughness, micro-hardness and relative density of t he composite are 897.29MPa, 17.38MPa·m 1/2, 17.13GPa and 99.24% respec tively when adding 1.5vol%Nb. The bending strength is improved by reason of form ing dislocation ring and transfering fracture mode from intergranular to mixture fracture of intergranular and transgranular. The crack propagating is mainly th e deflection bridging. It indicates a reduction of crack driving force and an in crease in crack growth resistance,which results in toughness enhanced.

The Influence of Mo Additive on the Microstructure and Property of Ti/Al_2O_3 Composite

The influence of Mo on the microstructure,bending strength and HV of Ti/Al 2O 3 composite was studied,and the influence mechanism was analyzed.The results indicate that after the addition of Mo,the composite organization is finer and phases distribution is better-proportioned which make the microstructure denser,the bending strength and HV of composite are also increased to a degree.But the bending strength increases first then decreases with the increasing of Mo content,so the appropriate Mo content for the Ti/Al 2O 3 composite is to be further confirmed.

CORROSION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ti_3Al-Nb-Mo COMPOSITES FOR BIO-AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS PREMRED BY SELF-PROMGATING HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTION

Ti3 AL-Nb-Mo composites were prepared by SHS using initial powder mixtures of Ti-Al-Nb-Mo and their corrosion and mechanical properties were studied to develop bioand environmental materials. The composites reached 99.8% of theoretical density after the direct consolidation. The composites shows equiaxed primary a2 in a matrix of fine secondary a2 plates and ordered 82 (Bo) forming a basket weave structure. The strain rate sensitivity (m = dlnσ/dlne) at 2% strain is 0.008. Corrosion potential and corrosion rate of the composites formed by SHS were -151. 5m VSHE and 5. 72× 10^(-8)A/cm2 for Ti3 Al-10Nb-1. 5Mo and - 138.4m VSHE and 4. 12×10^(-8)cm2 for Ti3 Al-12Nb-1.5Mo in a 50% NaOH-10%FeCI3 solution, respectively. Corrosion resistance decreased with niobium content in the composites and chloride content in the aqueous solution. Selective corrosion of a2 phase in a matrix occurred in the corrosion environment which suggests that the corrosion potential and rate changes are related to the niobium content and Q2 phase in a matrix.

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from the Splitting of Water over Cd_(1-x)Zn_xS/K_2La_2Ti_3O_(10) Composites under Visible Light Irradiation

A series of Cd1-xZnxS/K2La2Ti3O10 composites were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection(UV-Vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and photoluminescence(PL) measurements. The composite structures consisted of Cd1-xZnxS nanoparticles evenly distributed on the surface of K2La2Ti3O10. The absorption edge of K2La2Ti3O10 shifted to the visible light region upon introduction of the Cd1-xZnxS nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated by hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. The prepared Cd0.8Zn0.2S(30wt%)/K2La2Ti3O10 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, evolving 6.92 mmol/g H2 under visible light irradiation for 3 h. The promoted photocatalytic activity of the composites was attributed to the synergistic effect between Cd1-xZnxS and K2La2Ti3O10, which resulted in enhanced separation of photogenerated electrons and holes.

固溶时间对Ti@(Al-Si-Ti)_(p)/A356复合材料组织及力学性能的影响

采用粉末触变成形技术制备了原位自生心-壳结构增强A356铝基复合材料,并研究了固溶时间对Ti@(Al-Si-Ti)_(p)/A356复合材料显微其组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着固溶时间增加,初生α-Al相颗粒粗化长大;共晶Si相不断溶解,晶界上残余的共晶Si粗化、球状化;Al基体、Ti心部继续反应,增强体颗粒壳层发生相转变。复合材料在545℃固溶处理1 h时,力学性能达到峰值,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为263.9 MPa、175.1 MPa、20%,比制备态复合材料分别提高了7.3%、21.4%和12.4%,维氏硬度也从59.3 HV提高到72.8 HV。

弹头形状对TC4-Al_(3)Ti叠层复合板侵彻性能影响的数值分析

TC4-Al_(3)Ti叠层复合材料由于其低密度、高强度的特点被广泛应用于装甲防护材料。为深入研究TC4-Al_(3)Ti叠层复合板的抗侵彻性能,结合弹道冲击试验和有限元数值模拟技术,采用一级轻气炮试验台对TC4-Al_(3)Ti叠层复合板进行弹道冲击试验,并利用LS-DYNA软件建立了接近弹道冲击试验工况的有限元模型,通过对比分析模拟仿真及试验获得的弹体剩余速度和靶板破坏形态,验证了该有限元模型的有效性。在此基础上,重点开展了弹头形状对靶板抗侵彻性能的影响研究。结果表明:在所研究速度范围内,TC4-Al_(3)Ti叠层复合板抗平头弹的侵彻能力最强,其次是半球形头弹,而对球形弹的抵抗能力最弱。

Development of magnesium composite alloy by a new method combining B_2O_3 addition and melt stirring

For developing high performance magnesium alloys, a new method in combination of B2O3 addition and melt stirring was applied. When 0, 3%, 6% and 12%( mass fraction) B2O3 was added into pure Mg, many twins were produced in each alloy. The average grain size of Mg was about 200μm. In Mg-6Al alloy, the grain size is decreased from 50 to 35μm by B2O3 addition. In Mg-6RE (rare earth) alloys, the grain size is decreased from 35 to 15μm. The grain size of Mg-9Al- 6Ti-3B2O3 alloy is about 5μm. The hardness of pure Mg does not change by B2O3 addition. In Mg-6Al alloy, the hardness is increased by addition of 3% B2O3, however, the hardness of Mg-6RE alloy is decreased by B2O3 addition. Addition of B2O3 into Mg-Al, Mg-RE and Mg-Al-Ti alloys makes the fine grain structures, the hardness of Mg-RE alloy is decreased. This strange behavior may be interpreted with existence of many fine pores in the alloy. The mechanical properties of composite Mg-9Al-6Ti with 3%B2O3 are higher than those of AZ91C. The present results demonstrate the potential of this new method for developing high performance magnesium alloys.

Copper-Ti_3SiC_2 composite powder prepared by electroless plating under ultrasonic environment

In this article, a new type of Cu-Ti3SiC2 composite powder prepared using the electroless plating technique was introduced. The initial Ti3SiC2 particles are 11 μm in diameter on an average. The Cu plating was carried out at middle temperature （62-65℃） with the application of ultrasonic agitation. The copper deposition rate was determined by measuring the weight gain of the powder after plating. It has been found that the pretreatment of Ti3SiC2 powder is very important to obtain copper nanoparticles on the surface of Ti3SiC2 The optimum procedure before plating aimed to add activated sites and the adjustment of the traditional composition of the electroless copper plating bath could decelerate the copper deposition rate to 0.8 gm/h. X-ray diffraction （XRD） indicates that the chemical composition of the plating layer is copper. SEM images show that the surface of the Ti3SiC2 particles is successfully coated with continuous copper layer. The wetting property between the copper matrix and Ti3SiC2 can be improved so as to increase the interfacial strength.

Microstructure,hardness and corrosion properties of laser processed Ti6Al4V-based composites

Nb and Ti-13 Nb powders were used for improving the surface of Ti6Al4 V alloy.The deposition of the powders was carried out at various laser powers.The scanning electron microscopy（SEM）-EDS and optical microscopy were used for characterization.X-ray diffractometer（XRD） was used for analyzing the elemental composition and phase constituents.The hardness,wear and corrosion properties were achieved.The corrosion and the wear behaviours of the deposited layers were studied in a Hanks solution（simulated body fluid,SBF）.The microstructures of Nb coatings reveal the presence of orthorhombic,dendritic α″ and metastable β-Nb phases which produce uneven hardness with an average of HV 364.For Ti-13 Nb coatings,martensitic α′ and metastable β-Nb phases with an average hardness of HV 423 were observed.The resistance of wear on dry sliding of Ti-13 Nb coating is attributed to the increase in hardness.Experimental results indicate that deposition of Nb and Ti-13 Nb on Ti6Al4 V grossly reduces the mass fractions of Al and V in all coatings.In SBF,Nb reinforcement produces the best coating that reveals the best wear and corrosion resistances as compared with the substrate.Hence,this coating will perform best for orthopaedic implant material enhancement.