Microstructure,interfacial reaction behavior,and mechanical properties of Ti_3AlC_(2)reinforced Al6061 composites

The interfacial reaction behavior of Al and Ti_3AlC_(2)at different pouring temperatures and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The results show that the addition of3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)refines the average grain size ofα(Al)in the composite by 50.1%compared to Al6061 alloy.Morphological analyses indicate that an in-situ Al_(3Ti)transition layer of-180 nm in thickness is generated around the edge of Ti_3AlC_(2)at 720℃,forming a well-bonded Al-Al_(3Ti)interface.At this processing temperature,the ultimate tensile strength of A16061-3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)composite is 199.2 MPa,an improvement of 41.5%over the Al6061 matrix.Mechanism analyses further elucidate that 720℃is favourable for forming the nano-sized transition layer at the Ti_3AlC_(2)edges.And,the thermal mismatch strengthening plays a dominant role in this state,with a strengthening contribution of about 74.8%.

Self-repairing Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)coatings fabricated through plasma electrolytic oxidation with various cathodic pulse parameters

The influence of cathodic pulse parameters was evaluated on plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings grown on 7075 aluminum alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte containing potassium titanyl oxalate(PTO)using pulsed bipolar waveforms with various cathodic duty cycles and cathodic current densities.The coatings were characterized by SEM,EDS,and XRD.EIS was applied to investigate the electrochemical properties.It was observed that the increase of cathodic duty cycle and cathodic current density from 20%and 6 A/dm^(2) to 40%and 12 A/dm^(2) enhances the growth rate of the inner layer from 0.22 to 0.75μm/min.Adding PTO into the bath showed a fortifying effect on influence of the cathodic pulse and the mentioned change of cathodic pulse parameters,resulting in an increase of the inner layer growth rate from 0.25 to 1.10μm/min.Based on EDS analysis,Si and Ti were incorporated dominantly in the upper parts of the coatings.XRD technique merely detectedγ-Al_(2)O_(3),and there were no detectable peaks related to Ti and Si compounds.However,the EIS results confirmed that the incorporation of Ti^(4+)into alumina changed the electronic properties of the coating.The coatings obtained from the bath containing PTO using the bipolar waveforms with a cathodic duty cycle of 40%and current density values higher than 6 A/dm^(2) showed highly appropriate electrochemical behavior during 240 d of immersion due to an efficient repairing mechanism.Regarding the effects of studied parameters on the coating properties,the roles of cathodic pulse parameters and PTO in the PEO process were highlighted.

Modification of Nano-α-Al2O3 and Its Influence on the Surface Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Resin Composite Passivation Films

Silane coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the surface of nano-α-Al2O3 in ethanol-aqueous solution with different proportions. The particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 was determined by nano-particle size analyzer, and the effects of nano-α-Al2O3 content, ethanol-aqueous solution ratio and KH560 dosage on the dispersion and particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 were investigated. The material structure before and after modification was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Aqueous polyurethane resin and inorganic components are combined with modified nano-α-Al2O3 dispersion to form chromium-free passivation solution. The solution is coated on the galvanized sheet, the adhesion and surface hardness are tested, the bonding strength of the coating and the surface hardness of the substrate are discussed. The corrosion resistance and surface morphology of the matrix were investigated by electrochemical test, neutral salt spray test and scanning electron microscope test. The chromium-free passivation film formed after the modification of nano-α-Al2O3 increases the surface hardness of galvanized sheet by about 85%. The corrosion resistance of the film is better than that of a single polyurethane film. The results show that the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of polyurethane resin composite passivation film are significantly improved by the introduction of nano-α-Al2O3.

Al_(2)O_(3)在储能材料中的应用研究进展

Al_(2)O_(3)作为陶瓷材料、催化剂、催化剂载体及研磨磨料等有广泛的应用。因氧化铝具有优良的抗酸碱腐蚀性和力学等性能且热稳定性好、来源丰富,所以近年来逐渐开始应用在储能材料领域,进一步拓展了氧化铝的应用范围。主要针对氧化铝包覆后的二次储能电池正极材料、负极材料,以及改进隔膜的力学性能等方面进行研究。报道了近年来氧化铝在锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池、电解液、隔膜方面的应用研究进展。

Al^(3+)掺杂对Ca_(3)(Zr,Ti)Si_(2)O_(9):Bi^(3+)蓝色荧光粉发光性能的影响

文章通过高温固相法成功制备出了Ca_(3)(Zr,Ti)Si_(2)O_(9):Bi^(3+),Al^(3+)系列荧光粉,其发射峰位于420 nm,对应Bi^(3+)离子的6s→6p跃迁。采用Al3+离子替代的实验策略,优化了荧光粉的发光性能。发现Al3+离子的掺入使晶体颗粒分布均匀,荧光粉的发射强度增强,量子效率有效提高、荧光寿命减小。通过高斯拟合分析Bi^(3+)离子在该荧光粉中的格位占据情况发现Bi^(3+)离子占据两种不同Ca^(2+)的格位,而Al^(3+)离子的掺入,减小Bi3+离子发光中心之间的临界距离,以及促进Bi^(3+)离子格位-格位之间的能量转移,导致荧光粉的临界浓度减小。通过色坐标计算表明荧光粉的色纯度也有效提高。研究表明,阳离子替代的实验策略能够成功优化荧光粉的发光性能,在促进植物光合作用的LED照明器件中具有潜在应用价值。

TiO_2和α-Al_2O_3晶体的生长习性

通过水热法制备粉体的实验观察到金红石、锐钛矿和а－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体的生长习性．采用配位多面体生长习性法则合理地解释了ＴｉＯ２和а－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的生长习性．其主要结果为а－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体的生长习性为平板｛０００１｝，其各晶面的生长速度为：Ｖ｛０００１｝＜Ｖ｛１１２３｝＜Ｖ｛０１１２｝＝Ｖ｛１１２０｝＜Ｖ｛０１１０｝。金红石的生长习性为柱状，其各晶面的生长速度为：Ｖ＜１１０＞＜Ｖ＜１００＞＜ Ｖ＜１０１＞＜ Ｖ＜００１＞＜ Ｖ＜１１１＞；锐钛矿的生长习性为四面体，其各晶面的生长速度为Ｋ＜０１０＞＝Ｖ＜００１＞＞Ｖ＜０１０＞＞Ｖ＜１１１＞．而ＰＢＣ理论很难合理地解释а－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体的生长习性．

实用化大尺寸优质Ti∶Al_2O_3晶体的生长和进展

掺钛蓝宝石晶体是国际公认的最佳宽带可调谐激光晶体 ,它具有增益带宽、高饱和通量、大的峰值增益截面、高量子效率、高热导率、高激光破坏阈值及热稳定性等特点 ,又是超短脉冲和高功率可调谐激光系统优良的振荡及放大介质。在国际上 ,钛宝石激光器件拥有除Nd∶YAG、Nd∶YVO4器件以外最主要和广阔的固体激光器件市场。例如 ,作为新型台式太瓦级高功率Ti∶Al2 O3 固体激光器的应用 ;用超高浓度钛宝石晶体可使一座大楼或一个篮球场大的激光系统工程简化成放在台上的高度紧凑激光器。随着高能量大功率绿光固体激光或激光二极管的产业化 ,全固化钛宝石激光器的未来国际国内市场需求量越来越大 ,适用于科学技术、军事、工业、能源等领域。上海光机所用温梯法 (TGT) ,成功生长出了尺寸达1 2 0× 80mm的优质Ti∶Al2 O3 晶体。Ti∶Al2 O3 晶体的FOM值是影响该晶体实用化的关键参数。用真空度 ( 1 330Pa以上 )高还原气氛的退火炉 ,初步掌握了退火温度、退火时间和气氛对晶体FOM值的影响规律 ,并用光谱方法深入研究了形成残余吸收的机理。晶体的FOM值大幅度提高 ,常用浓度的晶体FOM值达到 1 5 0以上 ,达到了国际实用化水平。最高FOM值达 40 0。由于Ti3 +( 0 .0 6 7nm)与Al3 +( 0 .0 5 1nm)的离子半径相差较大 ,?

幅照处理对Ti:Al_2O_3晶体光谱的改变

本文用提拉法生长了Ti:Al2O3晶体,并测定了γ光子幅照处理后的晶体样品的荧光谱和吸收谱.不同于未幅照的钛宝石光谱,本工作所测定的光谱中出现了多个峰值,文章分析了出现该现象的可能原因.

温梯法生长的Ti:Al_2O_3晶体的光谱分析

本文研究了不同掺Ti3+浓度对温梯法生长的Ti:Al2O3晶体吸收光谱、荧光光谱和X射线衍射光谱的影响。根据吸收光谱提出了一个色心模型。对比了样品各处420nm荧光谱,发现掺Ti3+浓度越大,该处荧光强度越弱,同时解释了420nm处荧光峰的起源。对比了样品各处720nm处的荧光谱,发现掺Ti3+浓度越大,该处荧光强度越强。X射线衍射谱(XRD)表明,衍射峰强度随掺Ti3+浓度的增大而逐渐增强。

温梯法蓝宝石(Al_2O_3)晶体的脱碳去色退火研究

温度梯度法(TGT)生长的Al2O3晶体因石墨发热体在高温时的挥发和原料中过渡性金属离子的存在,晶体在不同部位呈现不同颜色,一般上部为浅红色,尾部为浅黄绿色.将TGT法生长的Al2O3晶体(φ110×80mm3)依次经过高温氧化气氛、高温还原气氛脱碳、去色退火实验,即“两步法”退火实验,晶体变成无色、透明.经测试,Al2O3晶体的完整性、光学透过率和光学均匀性均有显著提高.

α-Al_2O_3的晶体结构与价电子结构

对α Al2 O3 的晶体结构进行了详细的讨论 ,通过各种立体插图 ,对比分析了α Al2 O3 的菱面体晶胞和六方晶胞 ,并对每种晶胞中各种原子的排列位置进行了深入分析 ,确定了某一具体位置的O2 -或Al3 + 与其它离子之间的主要键距 ,最后根据“固体与分子经验电子理论 (EET)”计算出了α Al2 O3 晶体的价电子结构 ,并以图示的方式把主要的键及键距标示在图中 ,使能直观地看到α Al2 O3 晶体中最强键及次强键等在晶体中的方位 ,便于分析α Al2 O3 的结构与性能的相互关系。

等离子喷涂纳米Al_2O_3/TiO_2涂层耐磨性的研究

采用液相喷雾造粒的方法将纳米粒子团聚成微米级颗粒,并利用等离子喷涂技术制备出了含有纳米结构的陶瓷涂层。在MM200型环块磨损试验机上进行了常温干摩擦试验,比较了纳米结构涂层和传统陶瓷涂层的耐磨损性能,利用扫描电镜观察了磨损后的磨痕形貌。结果表明,纳米涂层的耐磨损性能明显好于传统陶瓷涂层,且随着磨损载荷的增大,纳米涂层和传统涂层的磨损机制的变化是不同的。传统涂层的磨损机理主要是微裂纹和颗粒的剥落,而相同条件下纳米涂层则由于涂层韧性的提高,几乎不存在微裂纹,主要表现为涂层的局部剥落和粘着。

喷涂参数对Al_2O_3-13wt% TiO_2纳米涂层组织和性能的影响

研究了等离子喷涂特征参数(CPSP)对Al2O3-13wt%TiO2纳米涂层相组成、微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,纳米涂层含有α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和金红石结构TiO2,其微观组织由全熔柱状晶区域和纳米结构的部分熔化区域组成。部分熔化区形貌与CPSP有关,低CPSP时主要为球状和部分条状,高CPSP条件下基本上都是不规则条状或块状。随CPSP增加,纳米涂层的结构缺陷减少,致密度提高。不同CPSP获得的纳米涂层的显微硬度和韧性均高于传统涂层,但CPSP过低或过高时,涂层中结构缺陷或结晶相较多,导致硬度和韧性降低。纳米涂层的耐磨性也随CPSP的变化而改变,并与涂层的组织、硬度和韧性的变化相对应。

等离子喷涂纳米Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层组织与性能

采用大气等离子喷涂方法制备了纳米结构Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2(质量分数,下同)涂层,进行了SRV滑动磨损试验,通过扫描电镜对涂层的断口显微组织及磨损表面形貌进行了观察,并测定了涂层的显微硬度。结果表明,该纳米涂层具有独特的显微组织结构特征,层片间具有冶金结合特征的界面较多,界面结合得到明显改善,其显微硬度明显高于微米涂层,具有优良的耐磨性能,其磨损面积仅为常规微米涂层的1/5,界面结合改善是耐磨性提高的主要原因。

Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

大气等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-3%TiO_2涂层的性能

分别采用大气等离子喷涂APS和带延长Laval喷嘴的大气等离子喷涂制备了Al2O3-3%TiO2涂层,对涂层的相组成、显微结构、结合强度、显微硬度等进行了评价,并和常规大气等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的性能进行了对比,根据粒子在焰流中的特征对涂层性能差异进行了讨论。结果表明,两种Al2O3-3%TiO2涂层均以γ-Al2O3为主,其中还含有少量的α-Al2O3和微晶或非晶。带Laval喷嘴APS所制备涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度和结合强度均明显劣于普通APS涂层,但前者涂层的沉积率达到70%,明显高于后者,大大降低了涂层的生成成本。粒子特征分析表明,延长的Laval喷嘴降低了粒子在等离子焰流中的速度,延长了粒子在焰流中的停留时间,从而使涂层的结合强度和致密度降低,而使涂层沉积率有明显升高。

IF钢凝固过程中Al_2O_3-TiN复合夹杂物的形成机理

以理论分析和实验研究相结合的方式分析了IF钢凝固过程中Al2O3-TiN复合夹杂物的形成机理.结果表明,以凝固分率0.9为界限,钢水凝固过程中Al2O3和TiN先后通过异质形核方式析出并结合形成Al2O3-TiN复合夹杂物;冷却速率越小,复合夹杂物粒径越大;在冷却速率一定时,可作为异质形核核心的夹杂物的粒径越大,凝固过程中析出的复合夹杂物的长大程度越小;复合夹杂物内层Al2O3粒径越小,外层TiN长大程度越明显.

泡沫镍负载TiO_2和TiO_2／Al_2O_3薄膜的光催化性能研究

以泡沫镍为载体,Al2O3作为过渡中间层,用溶胶-凝胶法在泡沫镍上负载锐钛矿相的TiO2薄膜,制成泡沫金属基的TiO2和TiO2／Al2O3光催化剂,利用XRD和FE-SEM等测试手段对其性质进行表征,用乙醛气体的光催化降解测试其活性．研究表明:泡沫镍负载的TiO2和TiO2／Al2O3薄膜具有良好的光催化活性,特别是TiO2／Al2O3薄膜具有更高的催化活性．这是由于负载的Al2O3过渡中间层增大了载体的比表面积,具有吸附浓缩作用,同时也增加了负载光催化剂的活性位数量．实验表明: TiO2／Al2O3薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性较单一的TiO2薄膜有非常显著的提高．

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3/TiO_2纳米复合涂层的制备、结构及摩擦学性能

采用喷雾干燥法对溶胶-凝胶法合成的系列A l2O3/TiO2纳米复合粉体进行造粒,使用等离子喷涂技术制备系列A l2O3/TiO2纳米复合涂层.对涂层结构和形貌分析表明所制备的A l2O3/TiO2纳米复合涂层形成了具有熔融区和半熔融区的双区形态的纳米复合结构.使用UMT-2MT试验机研究了复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明复合涂层的磨损率随TiO2含量的增加表现出先降低而后增大的趋势,TiO2质量百分数为10%的纳米复合涂层的磨损率最低;而涂层的摩擦系数随TiO2含量的增加变化不大.复合涂层的磨损机制为裂纹扩展导致的磨损剥落.

反应合成Ti_3Al/TiC+Al_2O_3复合材料烧结过程热力学分析

将高能球磨后的Ti-Al粉末和TiC,Al2O3粉末混合进行热压烧结,在烧结的过程中反应生成金属间化合物为增强相的复合材料。通过对粉料的X射线衍射分析、热分析(DSC)和烧结体的成分分析表明,最终的金属间化合物只有Ti3Al而没有其它金属间化合物相。通过热力学计算,分析了反应烧结过程并发现在低温由固相间原子扩散控制生成TiAl3,TiAl,Ti3Al的渐进过程,和在高温下金属间化合物的合成机理,而且增强相和基体界面间处于稳定状态。