The mechanical properties of Ti-23Al-17Nb (mole fraction,%) laser beam welding alloy joint at room temperature are comparable to that of the base materials.However,the strength and ductility of the as-welded joint det...The mechanical properties of Ti-23Al-17Nb (mole fraction,%) laser beam welding alloy joint at room temperature are comparable to that of the base materials.However,the strength and ductility of the as-welded joint deteriorate seriously after high temperature circulation.The effect of post-welded heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint was investigated.The heat treatment was taken at 980 ℃ for 1.5 h,then furnace cooling and air cooling were performed separately.The results indicate that proper post-welded heat treatment improves the ductility of the joint at high temperature.展开更多
Microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-23Al-17Nb （at%） alloy sheets rolled in （a2 ＋ B2 ＋ O） phase field with the various heat treatments were studied. Before rolling the microstructure of the billet is B2 p...Microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-23Al-17Nb （at%） alloy sheets rolled in （a2 ＋ B2 ＋ O） phase field with the various heat treatments were studied. Before rolling the microstructure of the billet is B2 phase particles embedded in O phase continuity matrix. The B2 phases are deformed more greatly than a2/O phases during the same rolling step. The （a2 ＋B2） two phase equiaxed microstrueture can be obtained by solution treatment in （a2 ＋ B2） phase field. The B2 phases become the continuous matrix by recrystallization and growing up of B2 and thus anisotropy caused by rolling can be decreased. The microstructure obtained by solution treatment has better tensile properties than the microstructure gained by subsequent aging treatment in （O＋ B2） phase field because the O phases precipitate as the block structure during aging and results in the B2 matrix continuity being broken down.展开更多
Effects of heat treatment processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy were investigated. The microstructures were investigated by SEM, TEM and XRD, and the mechanical properties ...Effects of heat treatment processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy were investigated. The microstructures were investigated by SEM, TEM and XRD, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the lath-like and globular primary α phase, secondary α phase and β phase are obtained after forging and heat treatment processing. The size of secondary α phase is much smaller than that of primary α phase. After heat treatment, the volume fraction of primary α phase is decreased, and that of secondary α phase is increased. With the increase of solution temperature, the volume fraction of primary α phase is gradually decreased, and that of secondary α phase is obviously increased. The yield strength and tensile strength of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy are significantly enhanced with the solution temperature increasing.展开更多
The main factors limiting the mass production of TiAI-based components are the high reactivity of TiAl- based alloys with the crucible or mould at high temperature. In this work, various crucibles （e.g. CaO, Y203 cer...The main factors limiting the mass production of TiAI-based components are the high reactivity of TiAl- based alloys with the crucible or mould at high temperature. In this work, various crucibles （e.g. CaO, Y203 ceramic crucibles and water-cooled copper crucible） were used to fabricate the Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in a vacuum induction furnace. The effects of crucible materials and melting parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were analyzed by means of microstructure observation, chemical analysis, tensile test and fracture surface observation. The possibilities of melting TiAI alloys in crucibles made of CaO and Y2O3 refractory materials were also discussed.展开更多
In this research, the changing rules of billet forged Ti-22 Al-24 Nb alloy with various solution time were studied, and the mechanical properties of different microstructure were tested at the room temperature. The re...In this research, the changing rules of billet forged Ti-22 Al-24 Nb alloy with various solution time were studied, and the mechanical properties of different microstructure were tested at the room temperature. The results indicate that the(α2+O+B2) three-phase microstructure with equiaxed grains was acquired by Ti-22 Al-24 Nb alloy billet forging, and the average size of the grains was about 300 μm. With the increase of solution time, the primary lath-shaped O phase began to dissolve, and then the equiaxial α2 phase started to dissolve, but the undissolved α2/O phase began to be equiaxial and grow. The grains of original B2 phase recrystallized and grew. After the 2 h solution treatment, the recrystallization of grains was completed basically and the average size of the grains was about 100 μm. After the 2.5 h solution treatment, the strength of the alloy decreased, and the plasticity increased. However, when the solution treatment increased to 3 h, the plasticity decreased but the strength increased. The optimal solution parameters of Ti-22 Al-24 Nb alloy were the holding time of 2 h, the solution temperature of 1 000 ?C, and water cooling. Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be accquired under these parameters. The tensile strength, the yield strength, the elasticity modulus, the elongation, and the section shrinkage were 950 MPa, 915 MPa, 90 GPa, 15.69% and 42.28%, respectively.展开更多
The structure change of α2/γ interface in a Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy induced by hot deformation was investigated by conventional and high-resolution transmission eIectron microscopy. Two types of hot deformation induced s...The structure change of α2/γ interface in a Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy induced by hot deformation was investigated by conventional and high-resolution transmission eIectron microscopy. Two types of hot deformation induced special α2/γ intedeces, coherent intedeces with high density of ledges and semi-coherent α2/γ intedeces were found to be due to the absorption of mobile dislocations into the α2/γ inteface. For the misoriented semi-coherent α2/γ interfaces, the densities of dislocation ledges increase with the misoriented angle between (111)γ and (0001)α2 planes, and 1/3[111] Frank partial dislocations were involved in the dislocation ledges. Formation mechanism of these deformation-induced α2/γ interfaces was discussed to be related to the role of α2/γ interface5 adjusting the deformation as a dislocation sink absorbing the slipping dislocations in the γ phase展开更多
High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was employed to investigate the deformation-induced α2→γ phase transformation phenomenon in a hot deformed Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy. Such a tronsformation can be n...High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was employed to investigate the deformation-induced α2→γ phase transformation phenomenon in a hot deformed Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy. Such a tronsformation can be nucleated either at α2/γ interfaces or at stacking faults on the basal planes of the α2 phase. The growth of deformation-induced γplate is accomplished by the motion of α/6<100> Shockley partials on alternate basal planes (0001)α2, and the α/6<100> Shockley partials move in coordination rather than sweep on (0001)α2 plane one by one. It appears that no atom transportation is involved in this stress-induced α2→γ transfromation.展开更多
The processing maps were used to identify the optimal forging parameters of Ti-24A1- 17Nb-0.5Mo alloy by evaluating the flow data according to the DMM model. The actual local strain rate and strain distribution in the...The processing maps were used to identify the optimal forging parameters of Ti-24A1- 17Nb-0.5Mo alloy by evaluating the flow data according to the DMM model. The actual local strain rate and strain distribution in the samples were obtained by finite element calculations. The local microstructures of the deformed samples were related to the local deformation parameters and correlated with the processing maps at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 of logarithmic strain. Flow regimes predicted by DMM analysis were then correlated with the local microstructural observations. Five domains of efficient coefficient could be distinguished. Unstable regions were microstructurally related to shear band formation within the （~2~B2 phase deformation field, and to flow localiza- tion at grain boundaries of B2 phase in the near B2 phase deformation field. Stable flow regimes were shown to be associated with dynamic globularization of the plate- like a2 in the a2＋B2 phase deformation zone, and with dynamic recrystallization of B2 in the near B2 phase deformation zone.展开更多
The isothermal compression test for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was conducted by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was investigated in the deformation temperature ranges of 940...The isothermal compression test for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was conducted by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was investigated in the deformation temperature ranges of 940-1030℃and the strain rate ranges of 0.001-10 s^(-1).Meanwhile,the activation energy of thermal deformation was computed.The results show that the flow stress of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy increases with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the deformation temperature.The activation energy of thermal deformation for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is much greater than that for self-diffusion ofα-Ti andβ-Ti.Considering the influence of strain on flow stress,the strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was established.The error analysis shows that the model has higher accuracy,and the correlation coefficient r and average absolute relative error are 0.9879 and 4.11%,respectively.The processing map(PM)of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was constructed by the dynamic materials model and Prasad instability criterion.According to PM and microstructural observation,it is found that the main form of instability zone is local flow,and the deformation mechanisms of the stable zone are mainly superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization.The optimal processing parameters of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy are determined as follows:960-995℃/0.01-0.18 s^(-1)and 1000-1030℃/0.001-0.01 s^(-1).展开更多
Isothermal compression tests of Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-2Mo-1.5Cr-2Nb alloy were conducted at a Gleeble-1500 simulator in deformation temperature range of 1103–1243K, strain rate range of 0.01–5.00 s-1and height reduction ra...Isothermal compression tests of Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-2Mo-1.5Cr-2Nb alloy were conducted at a Gleeble-1500 simulator in deformation temperature range of 1103–1243K, strain rate range of 0.01–5.00 s-1and height reduction range of 50 %–70 %. The effects of processing parameters on morphology, grain size and contents of a and b phases were discussed based on the quantitative microstructure examination, and the detailed explanation was shown. The results show that b transformed matrix will obviously grow up at higher deformation temperature or lower strain rate because of low grain growth activation energies. The content of a phase will decrease at higher deformation temperature or higher strain rate due to the phase transformation. Some elongated a or b grains exist at higher strain rate, implying that the dominant softening mechanism is dynamic recovery. The effect of height reduction on b transformed matrix is negligible, but the height reduction has some effects on the morphology of primary a phase.展开更多
The phase transformation and microstructure in Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy are extremely complex.In this work,the morphology evolution of the O phase during the heating and cooling process was investigated by electron backscat...The phase transformation and microstructure in Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy are extremely complex.In this work,the morphology evolution of the O phase during the heating and cooling process was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and first-principles calculations.The results show that the O→α_(2)phase transformation process during the heating process is as follows:spheroidization of the O phase occurs first,then theα_(2)phase nucleates in the spheroidized O phase,grows and replaces the O phase,completing the O→α_(2)phase transformation.In the meanwhile,the diffusion of Nb from Nb-poor O to Nb-rich B2 phases is a back-diffusion process.According to first-principles calculations,the driving force of the O→α_(2)phase transformation is the difference in the free energies of formation for the two phases(0.09 eV/atom).When the Nb content is greater than 15.625%,the lattice distortion of theα_(2)phase sharply increases,and the distortion energy drives the back-diffusion of Nb.During the cooling process,theα_(2)→O phase transformation is difficult and slow due to the difficult diffusion of Nb from the B2 toα_(2)phases.When holding for 60 min at 960℃,the coarseα_(2)phase gradually transforms to the O phase from the margin to the inside,forming a dispersed mixed structure of the O andα_(2)phases.During the B2→O transformation,the nucleation of the O phase induces a high stress region,in the range of approximately 200 nm.展开更多
Vacuum brazing was successfully used to join Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy using Ti-Ni-Nb brazing alloys prepared by arc-melting. The influence of Nb content in the Ti-Ni-Nb brazing alloys on the interfacial microstructure and m...Vacuum brazing was successfully used to join Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy using Ti-Ni-Nb brazing alloys prepared by arc-melting. The influence of Nb content in the Ti-Ni-Nb brazing alloys on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joints was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial microstructure of brazed joint consisted of B2, O, ？3, and Ti2 Ni phase, while the width of brazing seams varied at different Nb contents. The room temperature shear strength reached359 MPa when the joints were brazed with eutectic Ti40Ni40Nb20 alloy at 1180？C for 20 min, and it was321, 308 and 256 MPa at 500, 650 and 800？C, respectively. Cracks primarily initiated and propagated in ？3compounds, and partially traversed B2＋O region. Moreover, the fracture surface displayed typical ductile dimples when cracks propagated through B2＋O region, which was favorable for the mechanical properties of the brazed joint.展开更多
文摘The mechanical properties of Ti-23Al-17Nb (mole fraction,%) laser beam welding alloy joint at room temperature are comparable to that of the base materials.However,the strength and ductility of the as-welded joint deteriorate seriously after high temperature circulation.The effect of post-welded heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint was investigated.The heat treatment was taken at 980 ℃ for 1.5 h,then furnace cooling and air cooling were performed separately.The results indicate that proper post-welded heat treatment improves the ductility of the joint at high temperature.
文摘Microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-23Al-17Nb （at%） alloy sheets rolled in （a2 ＋ B2 ＋ O） phase field with the various heat treatments were studied. Before rolling the microstructure of the billet is B2 phase particles embedded in O phase continuity matrix. The B2 phases are deformed more greatly than a2/O phases during the same rolling step. The （a2 ＋B2） two phase equiaxed microstrueture can be obtained by solution treatment in （a2 ＋ B2） phase field. The B2 phases become the continuous matrix by recrystallization and growing up of B2 and thus anisotropy caused by rolling can be decreased. The microstructure obtained by solution treatment has better tensile properties than the microstructure gained by subsequent aging treatment in （O＋ B2） phase field because the O phases precipitate as the block structure during aging and results in the B2 matrix continuity being broken down.
基金Projects(2015GB107003,2015GB119001)supported by the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)Program,ChinaProjects(51474155,11672200,51674175)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Effects of heat treatment processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy were investigated. The microstructures were investigated by SEM, TEM and XRD, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the lath-like and globular primary α phase, secondary α phase and β phase are obtained after forging and heat treatment processing. The size of secondary α phase is much smaller than that of primary α phase. After heat treatment, the volume fraction of primary α phase is decreased, and that of secondary α phase is increased. With the increase of solution temperature, the volume fraction of primary α phase is gradually decreased, and that of secondary α phase is obviously increased. The yield strength and tensile strength of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy are significantly enhanced with the solution temperature increasing.
文摘The main factors limiting the mass production of TiAI-based components are the high reactivity of TiAl- based alloys with the crucible or mould at high temperature. In this work, various crucibles （e.g. CaO, Y203 ceramic crucibles and water-cooled copper crucible） were used to fabricate the Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in a vacuum induction furnace. The effects of crucible materials and melting parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were analyzed by means of microstructure observation, chemical analysis, tensile test and fracture surface observation. The possibilities of melting TiAI alloys in crucibles made of CaO and Y2O3 refractory materials were also discussed.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51464035)
文摘In this research, the changing rules of billet forged Ti-22 Al-24 Nb alloy with various solution time were studied, and the mechanical properties of different microstructure were tested at the room temperature. The results indicate that the(α2+O+B2) three-phase microstructure with equiaxed grains was acquired by Ti-22 Al-24 Nb alloy billet forging, and the average size of the grains was about 300 μm. With the increase of solution time, the primary lath-shaped O phase began to dissolve, and then the equiaxial α2 phase started to dissolve, but the undissolved α2/O phase began to be equiaxial and grow. The grains of original B2 phase recrystallized and grew. After the 2 h solution treatment, the recrystallization of grains was completed basically and the average size of the grains was about 100 μm. After the 2.5 h solution treatment, the strength of the alloy decreased, and the plasticity increased. However, when the solution treatment increased to 3 h, the plasticity decreased but the strength increased. The optimal solution parameters of Ti-22 Al-24 Nb alloy were the holding time of 2 h, the solution temperature of 1 000 ?C, and water cooling. Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be accquired under these parameters. The tensile strength, the yield strength, the elasticity modulus, the elongation, and the section shrinkage were 950 MPa, 915 MPa, 90 GPa, 15.69% and 42.28%, respectively.
文摘The structure change of α2/γ interface in a Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy induced by hot deformation was investigated by conventional and high-resolution transmission eIectron microscopy. Two types of hot deformation induced special α2/γ intedeces, coherent intedeces with high density of ledges and semi-coherent α2/γ intedeces were found to be due to the absorption of mobile dislocations into the α2/γ inteface. For the misoriented semi-coherent α2/γ interfaces, the densities of dislocation ledges increase with the misoriented angle between (111)γ and (0001)α2 planes, and 1/3[111] Frank partial dislocations were involved in the dislocation ledges. Formation mechanism of these deformation-induced α2/γ interfaces was discussed to be related to the role of α2/γ interface5 adjusting the deformation as a dislocation sink absorbing the slipping dislocations in the γ phase
文摘High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was employed to investigate the deformation-induced α2→γ phase transformation phenomenon in a hot deformed Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy. Such a tronsformation can be nucleated either at α2/γ interfaces or at stacking faults on the basal planes of the α2 phase. The growth of deformation-induced γplate is accomplished by the motion of α/6<100> Shockley partials on alternate basal planes (0001)α2, and the α/6<100> Shockley partials move in coordination rather than sweep on (0001)α2 plane one by one. It appears that no atom transportation is involved in this stress-induced α2→γ transfromation.
文摘The processing maps were used to identify the optimal forging parameters of Ti-24A1- 17Nb-0.5Mo alloy by evaluating the flow data according to the DMM model. The actual local strain rate and strain distribution in the samples were obtained by finite element calculations. The local microstructures of the deformed samples were related to the local deformation parameters and correlated with the processing maps at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 of logarithmic strain. Flow regimes predicted by DMM analysis were then correlated with the local microstructural observations. Five domains of efficient coefficient could be distinguished. Unstable regions were microstructurally related to shear band formation within the （~2~B2 phase deformation field, and to flow localiza- tion at grain boundaries of B2 phase in the near B2 phase deformation field. Stable flow regimes were shown to be associated with dynamic globularization of the plate- like a2 in the a2＋B2 phase deformation zone, and with dynamic recrystallization of B2 in the near B2 phase deformation zone.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51464035).
文摘The isothermal compression test for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was conducted by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was investigated in the deformation temperature ranges of 940-1030℃and the strain rate ranges of 0.001-10 s^(-1).Meanwhile,the activation energy of thermal deformation was computed.The results show that the flow stress of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy increases with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the deformation temperature.The activation energy of thermal deformation for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is much greater than that for self-diffusion ofα-Ti andβ-Ti.Considering the influence of strain on flow stress,the strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was established.The error analysis shows that the model has higher accuracy,and the correlation coefficient r and average absolute relative error are 0.9879 and 4.11%,respectively.The processing map(PM)of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was constructed by the dynamic materials model and Prasad instability criterion.According to PM and microstructural observation,it is found that the main form of instability zone is local flow,and the deformation mechanisms of the stable zone are mainly superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization.The optimal processing parameters of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy are determined as follows:960-995℃/0.01-0.18 s^(-1)and 1000-1030℃/0.001-0.01 s^(-1).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51205318)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 3102014JCQ01016)the University Student’s Innovation Training Program (No. 201410699020)
文摘Isothermal compression tests of Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-2Mo-1.5Cr-2Nb alloy were conducted at a Gleeble-1500 simulator in deformation temperature range of 1103–1243K, strain rate range of 0.01–5.00 s-1and height reduction range of 50 %–70 %. The effects of processing parameters on morphology, grain size and contents of a and b phases were discussed based on the quantitative microstructure examination, and the detailed explanation was shown. The results show that b transformed matrix will obviously grow up at higher deformation temperature or lower strain rate because of low grain growth activation energies. The content of a phase will decrease at higher deformation temperature or higher strain rate due to the phase transformation. Some elongated a or b grains exist at higher strain rate, implying that the dominant softening mechanism is dynamic recovery. The effect of height reduction on b transformed matrix is negligible, but the height reduction has some effects on the morphology of primary a phase.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52005129。
文摘The phase transformation and microstructure in Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy are extremely complex.In this work,the morphology evolution of the O phase during the heating and cooling process was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and first-principles calculations.The results show that the O→α_(2)phase transformation process during the heating process is as follows:spheroidization of the O phase occurs first,then theα_(2)phase nucleates in the spheroidized O phase,grows and replaces the O phase,completing the O→α_(2)phase transformation.In the meanwhile,the diffusion of Nb from Nb-poor O to Nb-rich B2 phases is a back-diffusion process.According to first-principles calculations,the driving force of the O→α_(2)phase transformation is the difference in the free energies of formation for the two phases(0.09 eV/atom).When the Nb content is greater than 15.625%,the lattice distortion of theα_(2)phase sharply increases,and the distortion energy drives the back-diffusion of Nb.During the cooling process,theα_(2)→O phase transformation is difficult and slow due to the difficult diffusion of Nb from the B2 toα_(2)phases.When holding for 60 min at 960℃,the coarseα_(2)phase gradually transforms to the O phase from the margin to the inside,forming a dispersed mixed structure of the O andα_(2)phases.During the B2→O transformation,the nucleation of the O phase induces a high stress region,in the range of approximately 200 nm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51574177)the China Natural Founds for Distinguished Young Scientists (Grant No. 51325401)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (“863” Program, Granted No. 2015AA042504)
文摘Vacuum brazing was successfully used to join Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy using Ti-Ni-Nb brazing alloys prepared by arc-melting. The influence of Nb content in the Ti-Ni-Nb brazing alloys on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joints was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial microstructure of brazed joint consisted of B2, O, ？3, and Ti2 Ni phase, while the width of brazing seams varied at different Nb contents. The room temperature shear strength reached359 MPa when the joints were brazed with eutectic Ti40Ni40Nb20 alloy at 1180？C for 20 min, and it was321, 308 and 256 MPa at 500, 650 and 800？C, respectively. Cracks primarily initiated and propagated in ？3compounds, and partially traversed B2＋O region. Moreover, the fracture surface displayed typical ductile dimples when cracks propagated through B2＋O region, which was favorable for the mechanical properties of the brazed joint.
