Haemocompatibility of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb biomedical alloy with surface heparinization using electrostatic self assembly technology

The haemocompatibility of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb biomedical alloy was studied after surface heparinization. A layer of sol-gel TiO2 films was applied on the alloy samples followed by active treatment in the bio-functionalized solution for introducing the OH- and groups, and then the heparin was immobilized on the active TiO2 films through the electrostatic self assembly technology. It is shown that the heparinized films are mainly composed of anatase and rutile with smooth and dense surface. In vitro blood compatibility was evaluated by haemolysis test, clotting time and platelet adhesion behavior tests. The results show that the haemocompatibility of the alloy could be significantly improved by surface heparinization.

Preparation and osteoinduction of active micro-arc oxidation films on Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb alloy

A layer of porous film containing Ca and P was prepared by the micro-arc oxidation method on the surface of a novel near β biomedical Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb alloy, and then NH2- active group was introduced to the films by activation treatment. The phase composition, surface micro-topography and elemental characteristics of the micro-arc oxidation films were investigated with XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS, and the osteoinduction of the micro-arc oxidation films was tested using the simulated body fluid immersion, the in-vitro osteoblast cultivation test and animal experiment. The results show that the oxide layer is a kind of porous ceramic intermixture and contains Ca and P. The films in the simulated body fluid can induce apatite formation, resulting in excellent bioactivity. The cell test discovers that osteoblasts can grow well on the surface of micro-arc oxidation films. And the Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb biomedical alloy coated with active porous calcium-phosphate films shows better osteoinduction in vivo.

置氢对Ti-25Nb-10Ta-1Zr-0.2Fe合金室温组织和硬度的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等手段,研究了固态气体渗氢后氢元素对新型β医用钛合金Ti-25Nb-10Ta-1Zr-0.2Fe的相组成、微观组织和硬度的影响。研究结果表明,570℃置氢空冷,置氢量为0.2%(质量分数),合金发生共析反应βH→αH+δ。置氢后合金表面和内部显微组织出现差异:在合金表面,δ氢化物呈现针状,从晶界处生长,尺寸差异较大;在合金内部,氢化物δ呈细小针状,长度小于1μm,以α针为中心平行向外生长。置氢后合金硬度未增强。

Self-Organizing Evolution of Anodized Oxide Films on Ti-25Nb-3Mo-2Sn-3Zr Alloy and Hydrophilicity

In the present work,hierarchical nanostructured titanium dioxide(TiO2) films were fabricated on Ti-25Nb-3Mo-2Sn-3Zr(TLM) alloy for biomedical applications via one-step anodization process in ethylene glycolbased electrolyte containing 0.5wt% NH4F.The nanostructured TiO2 films exhibited three distinct types depending on the anodization time:top irregular nanopores(INP)/beneath regular nanopores(RNP),top INP/middle regular nanotubes(RNT)/bottom RNP and top RNT with underlying RNP.The evolution of the nanostructured TiO2 films with anodization time demonstrated that self-organizing nanopores formed at the very beginning and individual nanotubes originated from underlying nanopore dissolution.Furthermore,a modified two-stage self-organizing mechanism was introduced to illustrate the growth of the nanostructured TiO2 films.Compared with TLM titanium alloy matrix,the TiO2 films with special nano-structure hold better hydrophilicity and higher specific surface area,which lays the foundation for their biomedical applications.

Texture Evaluation of α_2 Phase in Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo Alloy Sheet

The texture evaluation of α2 phase in Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo sheet during rolling and annealing has been investigated by means of microstructure observation and ODF analysis. From the weak initial {1010} (1210) and {0001}(1210) textures a {1210}(1010) texture and a {0001}(uvtw)fibre texture are formed after cold rolling. The {0001} (1210) texture is also strengthened simultaneously. The activation process of slip systems is discussed concerning formation of the rolling texture. Because of the disappearance of {0001} (nvtw) fibre texture the primary recrystallization process should occur and the {1210}(1010) texture forms during annealing

Ti-25Al-15Nb-1Mo合金的高温变形行为研究

利用Gleeble-3800型热模拟试验机对经过真空熔炼的Ti-25Al-15Nb-1Mo合金进行了等温压缩实验,研究了在1100~1200℃及0.1~0.5 s^-1应变速率下的高温流变曲线、微观组织演变以及不同区域的硬度变化趋势。结果表明:合金在高温变形过程中,真应力-应变曲线呈现出单峰特征,应变速率的降低或温度的升高都会使合金的流动应力降低;热变形使组织由粗大O板条和原始的B2相混合组织演变为单一B2再结晶组织。造成该合金流变软化和组织演变的主要原因是B2组织发生了动态再结晶。再结晶区的硬度值最小可至350 HV,与动态再结晶有关。

Ti-25Cu-25Zr钎料与纯钛的钎焊工艺

采用爆炸复合工艺,制成Ti-Cu-Zr3层复合钎料坯,经轧制得到0.2mm厚度的钎料箔。研究了Ti-25Cu-25Zr钎料钎焊纯钛的工艺及性能。利用瞬间液相扩散焊原理,分析钎料与钛基体之间的接触反应焊接机制,实验得到钎焊钎缝强度与保温时间的关系。结果表明,钎焊保温时间小于1.0s时,由于钎料组元和钛基体之间的扩散还不充分,接头的断裂载荷在600N以下,断裂发生在钎缝上;钎焊保温时间大于1.0s时,钎料组元和钛基体之间发生了明显的扩散,接头强度显著提高,断裂载荷达到700N,断裂发生在钛基体的热影响区;保温时间在1.0~4.0s范围内时,接头强度趋于一致。

热处理对Ti-22Al-25Nb-2V合金显微组织及性能的影响

为研究热处理对Ti-22Al-25Nb-2V合金显微组织及性能的影响,采用粉末冶金法制备Ti-22Al-25Nb-2V合金,1 100℃固溶处理后,在700~850℃进行时效处理,测试合金的显微硬度、相对密度和压缩强度等物理性能,并对合金微观形貌进行观察分析。结果表明:固溶处理合金显微组织由大量β/B2相和少量α2相组成;V元素的添加,提高了相的转变温度、增加了合金的β相稳定性并促进了O相的形成,使时效处理过程中O相从基体B2相析出,形成三相组织;随时效温度的增加,合金的相对密度和显微硬度降低,压缩强度和屈服强度先降低后升高。700℃时效处理合金塑性与硬度均达到最高,800℃时效处理合金压缩强度和屈服强度最低,850℃时效处理合金硬度最低为316 HV。

粉末冶金Ti-22Al-25Nb-2V合金的烧结工艺对其组织结构的影响

为了提高发动机材料的高温服役性能并降低自重,采用粉末冶金法制备组织致密的Ti-22Al-25Nb-2V合金。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征合金的形貌及结构,分析预烧处理、烧结温度和保温时间对合金组织结构的影响。结果表明:预烧处理后,预合金生成了α2相和B2相,边缘产生钝化现象;随烧结温度的升高,O相的晶粒尺寸基本保持不变。在烧结温度900~1000℃,合金组织主要为(α2+B2+O)三相,O相含量较多,基体B2相次之,α2相最少;在烧结温度1050~1100℃,合金中O相和B2减少,新生α'2相增多。保温时间从0.5h增加到1.5h,合金表面的气孔明显减少,致密度逐渐提高。

Artificial intelligence model of complicated flow behaviors for Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy and relevant applications

The comprehensive nonlinear flow behaviors of a ductile alloy play a significant role in the numerical analysis of its forming process. The accurate characterization of as-forged Ti-13 Nb-13 Zr alloy was conducted by an improved intelligent algorithm, GA-SVR, the combination of genetic algorithm(GA) and support vector regression(SVR). The GA-SVR model learns from a training dataset and then is verified by a test dataset. As for the generalization ability of the solved GA-SVR model, no matter in β phase temperature range or(α+β) phase temperature range, the correlation coefficient R-values are always larger than 0.9999, and the AARE-values are always lower than 0.18%. The solved GA-SVR model accurately tracks the highly-nonlinear flow behaviors of Ti-13 Nb-13 Zr alloy. The stress-strain data expanded by this model are input into finite element solver, and the computation accuracy is improved.

Precipitation location of secondary phase and microstructural evolution during static recrystallization of as-cast Ti-25V-15Cr-0.3Si titanium alloy

The microstructural evolution and precipitation location of the secondary phase of an as-cast Ti-25 V-15 Cr-0.3 Si titanium alloy were investigated via isothermal compression experiments and heat treatment. The average aspect（length-to-width） ratio, average area and size of the grains at different heat treatment temperatures and holding time were analyzed and the effects of deformation and annealing time on the grain area and size were considered. It was found that the grain size was strongly influenced by the height reduction and holding time. Grain growth was significant when annealing time increased from 10 min to 2 h at 950 °C and height reduction of 30%; however, grain growth was minimal at annealing time between 2 and 4 h. Many dispersion particles were observed to form in continuous chains; the precipitation location was confirmed to be along initial grain boundaries, and the dispersion particles were identified to be Ti5 Si3 phase by TEM.

Crystallization kinetics of amorphous Zr_(65)Cu_(25)Al_(10) alloy

Crystallization behavior of amorphous Zr 65 Cu 25 Al 10 alloy under isothermal annealing condition was investigated by DSC and XRD. It is found that two exothermic peaks appear in the DSC curve of amorphous Zr 65 Cu 25 Al 10 alloy, indicating that the crystallization proceeds through double stage mode. The crystallization process of amorphous Zr 65 Cu 25 Al 10 alloy under isothermal annealing condition is mainly controlled by nucleation and one dimensional growth with the crystallized volume fraction smaller than 70%. With the crystallized volume fraction ranging from 70% to 90%, crystallization process is mainly dominated by the growth of three dimensional pre existing quench in nuclei. And when the crystallized volume fraction reaches above 90%, transient nucleation becomes the master of the crystallization process.

Influence of Alloy Elements on the Osteoconductivity of Anodized Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Alloy

Anodizing is expected to be an effective method to improve the osteoconductivity of the Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloy because the bioactivity of anodized Ti is good. However, it is not known how the alloy elements influence the surface roughness, composition, hydrophilicity, and osteoconductivity of the anodized film on the Ti alloy. In this study, we investigated the effects of anodizing on the surface properties and the osteoconductivity of the anodized TNTZ alloy, focusing on the functions of the individual alloy elements. The anodized oxides of the Nb, Ta, and Zr metals were hydrophobic at all the voltages applied, in contrast to the anodized oxide of Ti. As well as pure Ti, a TiO2-based oxide film formed on TNTZ after anodizing. However, the oxide film also contained large amounts of Nb species and the molar Nb/Ti ratio in the TNTZ alloy was high, which makes the surface more hydrophobic than the anodized oxide on Ti. In vivo tests showed that the osteoconductivity of the TNTZ alloy was sensitive to both its surface roughness and hydrophilicity. When the TNTZ alloy was anodized, the process increased either the surface hydrophobicity or the surface roughness at the voltage used in this study. These changes in the surface properties did not improve its osteoconductivity.

Intragranular Rare Earth－rich Phases in As－cast High－temperature Ti－5Al－4Sn－2Zr－1MO－0．25Si－1Nd Alloy

In the as-cast Ti-55 alloy, the intragranular rare earth-rich phase particles are about 1. 0～14 μm in diameter, elliptical, and rich in Nd, Sn, and O. The contents of Nd and Sn on the grain boundaries are higher than those at other sites. The intragranular phases grow preferably at the region on the grain boundaries, which causes the formation of the elliptical morphology of the intragranular phases.

冷轧时效对新型Ti-Nb-Zr合金组织和性能的影响

利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸测试等手段,研究形变热处理对新型β(Ti-25Nb-25Zr)钛合金组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明:由于合金具有较高的β稳定性,冷轧过程没有应力诱发α″相的形成,合金的变形机制以位错滑移为主。随着冷轧变形量的增加,加工硬化速率和弹性模量逐渐降低。经过相同的时效处理(300℃、2 h),固溶态和冷轧态的合金相组成分别为β+等温ω和β+α相。冷轧产生的位错缺陷和晶界有效抑制ω相,促进了α相的析出。冷轧时效相比固溶时效能更好地得到较高的强度和理想的弹性模量,满足医用材料的性能要求。

Brazeability evaluation of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo filler for vacuum brazing TiAl-based alloy

Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.15B(mole fraction,%)alloy was vacuum brazed with amorphous and crystalline Ti.25Zr-12.5Cu-12.5Ni-3.0Co-2.0Mo(mass fraction,%)filler alloys,and the melting,spreading and gap filling behaviors of the amorphous and crystalline filler alloys as well as the joints brazed with them were investigated in details.Results showed that the amorphous filler alloy possessed narrower melting temperature interval,lower liquidus temperature and melting active energy compared with the crystalline filler alloy,and it also exhibited better brazeability on the surface of the Ti.47Al.2Nb.2Cr.0.15B alloy.The TiAl joints brazed with crystalline and amorphous filler alloys were composed of two interfacial reaction layers and a central brazed layer.Under the same conditions,the tensile strength of the joint brazed with the amorphous filler alloy was always higher than that with the crystalline filler alloy.The maxmium tensile strength of the joint brazed at 1273 K with the amorphous filler alloy reached 254 MPa.

冷变形和固溶时效对Ti-25Nb-25Zr合金性能的研究

新型β钛合金Ti-25Nb-25Zr仅含有β稳定元素Nb和中性元素Zr,因此具有良好的生物相容性、优异的加工性能和低的弹性模量(≤80 GPa)。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、性能测试等手段,研究了冷轧变形对该合金的相变机制以及固溶时效过程中的组织演变和各种机械性能的影响。结果表明:该合金具有较高的β稳定性,冷轧过程没有发生应力诱发的α″马氏体相变,变形机制以位错滑移为主,合金的硬化速率随着变形量的增加逐渐降低。时效过程主要发生β→β+ω→β+α的相变过程,ω和α相的析出都能强化合金,但是ω相的强化对合金塑性有很大的降低,而α相的强化为合金带来良好的综合性能。时效温度和时间对合金最终的组织形貌和力学性能有直接的关系,析出相α随着时效时间的延长逐渐由晶界向晶内扩散分布,析出相的数量和大小决定了合金的强化程度。在400℃时效8 h,合金具有最佳的强塑比(抗拉强度910 MPa,延伸率13%)和理想的弹性模量(68 GPa),能够满足医学植入的性能要求。

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-25Ta Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting and Hot Isostatic Pressing

Ti-25Ta alloy samples were fabricated by selective laser melting,and the relative density,microstructure,microhardness and tensile properties of the as-built and hot isostatic pressing(HIP)-prepared samples were characterized.Results show that the track width and penetration depth are increased with the increase in laser power,and the surface morphology is improved.The maximum relative density improves from 95.31%to 98.01%after HIP process.Moreover,the microstructure is refined into the lath martensite and cellular grains with the increase in input power.After densification treatment,the subgrain coalescence occurs and high angle grain boundaries are formed.In addition,HIP process stabilizes the microhardness and enhances the tensile strength and elongation.

Ti600和Ni-25%Si合金钎焊接头性能及失效机理分析

采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料对高温钛合金Ti600和Ni-25%Si(原子分数,%)合金进行钎焊试验,重点研究了钎焊温度对镍硅与钛合金接头组织及性能的影响,结合接头组织特征及断口结构分析阐明了Ti600和Ni-25%Si合金钎焊接头的失效机理.结果表明,钎缝内部包含多个区域,随着连接温度从900℃上升至980℃,包含(Ti,Zr)2Si和Ti2Ni相的区域逐渐消失,包含Ti5Si3和Ti2Ni相的区域逐渐变厚,最终占据全部钎缝.力学性能分析表明,随着钎焊温度的升高,接头抗剪强度先增大后降低.当钎焊温度为960℃时,接头的抗剪强度能够达到峰值177 MPa.在脆性Ti2Ni相基体上弥散分布的Ti5Si3相颗粒破坏了Ti2Ni相的连续性,阻碍了裂纹在钎缝内部的扩展是钎焊接头抗剪强度提升的根本原因.

Surface modifications of biometallic commercially pure Ti and Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy by picosecond Nd:YAG laser

The effects of picosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation on chemical and morphological surface characteristics of the commercially pure titanium and Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy in air and argon atmospheres were studied under different laser output energy values.During the interaction of laser irradiation with the investigated materials,a part of the energy was absorbed on the target surface,influencing surface modifications.Laser beam interaction with the target surface resulted in various morphological alterations,resulting in crater formation and the presence of microcracks and hydrodynamic structures.Moreover,different chemical changes were induced on the target materials’surfaces,resulting in the titanium oxide formation in the irradiation-affected area and consequently increasing the irradiation energy absorption.Given the high energy absorption at the site of interaction,the dimensions of the surface damaged area increased.Consequently,surface roughness increased.The appearance of surface oxides also led to the increased material hardness in the surface-modified area.Observed chemical and morphological changes were pronounced after laser irradiation of the Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy surface.