EFFECT OF DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION ON SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT IN Fe－Mn－Si BASED ALLOYS

Improvement of shape, memory effect (SME) in Fe-Mn-Si based alloys has been investigated, compared with that by conventional 'training' treatment. It is found that SME in Fe-Mn-Si alloy can be greatly improved by ausforming and 3.8%recovery strain and 2.2% complete recovery strain can be reached by ausforming at 973 K when dynamic recrystallization has just occurred. The mechanism for the improvement of SME is proposed.

Martensitic Transformation in Fe-Mn-Si Based Shape Memory Alloys

The critical driving force for martensitic transformation fcc ( gamma ) yields hcp ( epsilon ) in ternary Fe-Mn-Si alloys increases with the content of Mn and decreases with that of Si. Thermodynamical prediction of M//s in ternary Fe-Mn-Si alloys was established. The fcc ( gamma ) yields hcp ( epsilon ) martensitic transformation in Fe-Mn-Si is a semi-thermoelastic and the nucleation process does not strongly depend on soft mode. Nucleation occurs directly through an overlapping of stacking fault rather than pole mechanism, and it is suggested that stacking fault energy (SFE) is the main factor controlling nucleation. Based on the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography, a shuffle on (0001)//h//c//p plane is required when d//1//1//1 does not equal d//0//0//0//2. The derived principal strain in Bain distortion is smaller, i, e., more reasonable than the values given by Christian. Alloying elements strengthening the austenite, lowering SFE of gamma phase and reducing T//N** gamma temperature may be beneficial to shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si based alloys. Accordingly, Fe-Mn-Si-RE and Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-N (or Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-Cr-N) are worthy to be recommended as shape memory materials with improved shape memory effect. (Edited author abstract) 48 Refs.

Properties and Application of Iron-based Shape Memory Alloy

The properties of FeMnSiCrNi shape memory alloy were investigated. The results show that the best shape memory effect of Fe14Mn6Si9Cr5Ni alloy is 85%. The transformation amount of the ε→γ transformation is not complete after heating the alloy to 1000 K, As and Af points drop with increased transformation enthalpy (ΔH γ→ε ) by thermal cycling and increased prestrain. The alloy shows also good creep and stress relaxation resistance. In addition, the alloy having a tensile force of 20 kN and a sealing pressure of 6 MPa can satisfy requirements for possible industrial application on pipe joints.

ON THE STRAIN JUMP IN SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS—A CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC-BASED MECHANICS ANALYSIS

The strain jump across the Austenite-Martensite (A-M) interface in single crystal Cu-14wt%Al-4.12wt%Ni Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) under uniaxial tension was studied in this paper. A crystallographic-based mechanics analysis on the formation and microstructure of the interface was performed. By using the high sensitive Moiré interference technique, the full-field deformation patterns during the transformation process were successfully recorded. The orientation of the habit plane (A-M interface) and the magnitude of the shape strain were determined precisely from the Moiré fringe patterns. The theoretical predictions on the habit plane normal and the shape strain were compared with the measured results and good agreements were obtained.

Effect of texture on internal friction of Cu-Al-Mn based shape memory alloys

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are well-known as high damping materials. Recently,we have reported that the Cu-Al-Mn SMAs show a high internal friction as well as the other SMAs such as Ni-Ti, Cu-Zn-Al SMAs. Since the Cu-Al-Mn-based SMAs possess an excellent cold-workability, a strong recrystallization texture can be formed by thermomechanical treatment. The present authors demonstrated that the texture control is considerably effective for improving the SM properties and especially, in the Cu-Al-Mn-Ni SMAs with a strong {112}<110> recrystallization texture, a large pseudoelastic (PE) of about 7% can be obtained. Such a texture control is expected to enhance the damping capacity in the Cu-Al-Mn-based SMAs as well as PE. In this study, the effect of texture on the internal friction in Cu-Al-Mn and Cu-Al-Mn-Ni SMAs was investigated by tensile testing mode of Dynamic Mechanical Spectrometer (DMS). In sheet specimens with the {112}<110> texture, value of dynamic damping tanφ depends on the loading direction and an excellent damping capacity of tanφ= 0.1 can be obtained at the rolling direction in the martensite phase condition. Moreover, these Cu-Al-Mn-based SMAs show a high tensile strength over 600 MPa in the martensite phase. The present Cu-Al-Mn-based SMAs should have a great potential as the damping materials.

Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in ausaged Fe-Ni-Si-based alloys

It is well known that the morphologies of the α’ martensite formed from the γ phase in ferrous alloys are classified into five types of lath, butterfly, （225）A type plate,lenticular and thin-plate. Among those α’ martensites, only the thin-plate martensite,which is characterized by containing a high density of transformation twins, has a potential of exhibiting a perfect shape memory （SM） effect.Recently the present authors found in Fe-Ni-Si alloys that the thin-plate martensite is formed by the introduction of fine and coherent γ’-（Ni,Fe）3Si particles with a L12 ordered structure in the austenite matrix due to ausaging. In the present study, the SM properties of the ausaged Fe-Ni-Si alloys with the thin-plate martensite are investigated by a conventional bending-test. The effects of the addition of Co to the Fe-Ni-Si alloys on the martensitic transformation and the SM properties are also investigated. It is shown that while the ausaged Fe-Ni-Si ternary alloys exhibit an imperfect SM effect due to reverse transformation from stress-induced thin-plate martensite to austenite, the SM properties are improved by the addition of Co. An almost perfect SM effect is confirmed in the Fe-Ni-Si-Co alloys by heating to 1 100 ℃ after deformation at -196 ℃.

Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars

A new and innovative base isolation device is introduced in this paper based on extensive research carried out by the authors and their co-workers. A prototype of the device was built and experimentally tested on the shaking table. The new base isolation device consists of two disks, one vertical cylinder with an upper enlargement sustained by three horizontal cantilevers, and at least three inclined shape memory alloy （SMA） bars. The role of the SMA bars is to limit the relative motion between the base and the superstructure, to dissipate energy by their super-elastic constitutive law and to guarantee the re-centring of the device. To verify the expected performance, a prototype was built and tested under sinusoidal waves of displacement of increasing frequency with different amplitudes. It is shown that the main feature of the proposed base isolation device is that for cyclic loading, the super-elastic behavior of the alloy results in wide load-displacement loops, where a large amount of energy is dissipated.

THE FAILURE MECHANISM OF REVERSE SHAPE MEMORYEFFECT IN A Cu-BASE ALLOY

The interior structural evolution accompanying reverse shape memory effect (RSMEin a Cu-Zn-Al alloy was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. It was found that RSME is closely related to bainitic transformation in this alloy during the isothermal reaction at moderate temperatures. At a given temperature and a certain external constraint stress, the shape memory effect depends mainly on the aging time.During the early stage, the shape memory effect enhances with the increase of reactiotn time. Then it will decrease gradually apon further aging. If the alloy is overaged, the stacking faults of bainite will disappear gradually by the motion of partial dislocations through which long range diffusion of solute atoms takes place, giving rise to the deterioration of RSME. When all the bainite transforms to α phase, RSME will lose completely.

Shape-memory effect in Co-Ni single crystal

The thermal shape-memory effect at room temperature for Co-32%Ni(mass fraction) magnetic shape memory alloy of single crystal was presented. When compressing the sample along the direction at room temperature, strain can be recovered to some extent during later heating and the recovery rate varies with the pre-strain. But no obvious recoverable strain can be obtained along other crystal directions. For the thermal-mechanical training of the sample along , the recovery strain decreases obviously during the second round of compress and nearly no recovery happens after the third round of compress. A possible mechanism based on reversible motions of Shockley partial dislocations was proposed.

CeO_(2)添加量对电弧增材制造铁基形状记忆合金组织和性能的影响

采用粉芯丝材+电弧增材制造技术制备了含不同质量分数(0,1%,2%,3%)CeO_(2)的Fe-14Mn-6Si-9Cr-5Ni铁基形状记忆合金,研究了CeO_(2)添加量对试验合金显微组织和形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明:添加质量分数1%的CeO_(2)后,合金晶内析出相减少,晶界处析出较大尺寸的稀土化合物,组织均匀,弯曲变形后未出现ε马氏体跨晶生长现象,且马氏体交叉状态较少;当CeO_(2)质量分数增加至2%和3%时,晶内析出相增多,分布均匀性变差,且在弯曲变形后ε马氏体跨晶生长和交叉特征增多;随着CeO_(2)添加量增加,试验合金的晶粒尺寸减小,层错概率增大,形状回复率先增大后减小,当CeO_(2)质量分数为1%时晶粒尺寸较小,层错概率较大,形状回复率最大,形状记忆性能最好。

Structure design of high-performance Cu-based shape memory alloys

The effects of various structure factors on the properties(superelasticity mainly) of Cu-based shape memory alloys(SMAs) were systematically evaluated in this review article through literatures combining with our work. It is concluded that besides the decisive role of grain orientation, the grain boundary(GB) characteristics also play important roles in the superelasticity, which include GB area, GB type, GB morphology and GB direction in descending order of the effect significance. According to the above results, the prior principles of structure design are proposed for high-performance Cu-based SMAs from most to least important:(1) obtaining grain orientation with high phase transformation strain;(2) increasing grain size or reducing GB area;(3) obtaining straight low-energy GBs, especially low-angle GBs;(4) trying to make GB direction parallel to external stress. Consistent with the main or all principles, the bamboo-like-grained and columnar-grained(CG) Cu-based SMAs show excellent comprehensive properties.

Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金的特性和应用研究进展

Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金具有优异的性能,已在机械电子、航空航天、建筑工程、生物医疗及日常生活等领域得到广泛应用。近年来,对该合金特性及应用的研究取得了很大发展。论述了Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金的形状记忆效应、超弹性、高阻尼特性的种类、机制、影响因素及应用的研究进展,指出了该合金的发展方向,提出了该研究领域今后的研究重点和需进一步解决的问题。

Co对Ti-Ni形状记忆合金相变和形变特性的影响

用热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪、示差扫描量热仪及拉伸试验研究了Co对Ti-49.8Ni(at%,下同)形状记忆合金相变和形变特性的影响。结果表明,中温退火态Ti-49.8Ni合金冷却/加热时的相变类型为A→R→M/M→A(A—母相,R—R相,M—马氏体相);随退火温度升高,该合金的马氏体相变温度升高,R相变温度先升高后降低;该合金室温相组成为马氏体,具有形状记忆效应(SME)。用1%Co置换等量Ti后所得Ti-49.8Ni-1Co合金冷却/加热时的相变类型为A→R→M/M→R→A,相变温度低,室温组成相为母相A,具有超弹性(SE)特性。退火温度低于600℃时,Ti-Ni基合金的SME和SE特性良好,退火温度超过600℃后,合金氧化加剧,SME和SE特性变差,塑性显著提高。

Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金的特性及其影响因素研究进展

Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金因具有优异的形状记忆效应、超弹性、高阻尼特性和生物相容性而得到了广泛应用。近年来,对该合金特性及其影响因素的研究取得了很大进展。本文论述了Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金形状记忆效应、超弹性、高阻尼和生物相容性及其影响因素的研究进展,指出了该领域今后的研究重点和需进一步解决的问题。

不同加工态Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金相变、形变特性研究进展

综述了近年来有关化学成分和热处理工艺对Ti-Ni基形状记忆合金(SMA)相变、形变特性影响规律的研究进展,介绍了弹簧、薄膜、多孔、复合及单晶等不同加工态形状记忆材料及其特性的研究现状,指出了该研究领域今后的发展方向。通过加入适当的合金元素并选择合理的热处理工艺,可有效改变Ti-Ni基SMA的相变温度和相变热滞,进而可获得所需的形状记忆效应或超弹性特性。纤维化、薄膜化、多孔化、复合化是Ti-Ni基SMA今后的发展趋势。

MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION AND THERMAL STABILITY IN Cu-Al-Co AND Cu-Al-Zr ALLOYS

Cu-Al-Co and Cu-Al-Zr alloys were explored with Co or Zr additions in Cu-Al alloys for high temperature shape memory alloys. Samples were quenched after homogenized at 850℃ for 48h. It was found that both Cu-Al-Co and Cu-Al-Zr show AlCus martensitic phase at room temperature and exhibit martensitic transformation temperatures higher than 200℃, showing the potentials for developing as high temperature shape memory alloys. Thermal cycles were performed by DSC instrument on both Cu-Al-Co and Cu-Al-Zr alloys. The results show that Cu-Al-Co loses its martensitic transformation after five thermal cycles, and Cu-Al-Zr exhibits no martensitic transformation in the second thermal cycle.

THE TYPE II DEFECT IN 18R MARTENSITE IN A Cu-Zn-Al ALLOY

Type H defect in 18R martensite in a Cu-Zn-Al alloy has been studied by high resolution electron microscopy. It was found that Type H defect is not fault internal to martensite plate; rather,it is a stack of plates A and C. The rare observation of Type H defect is considered to be due to the fact that thc slice is too thin to exist for self-accommodation.

Texture Development of a Cold-rolled CuZnAl Alloy

In this paper, the textures of a CuZnAl alloy, produced d by cold rolling in the dual phase state, were studied. The alloy was heat-treated to obtain a microstructure of dual phases, then, cold-rolled with intermediate annealings. The pole figures of a and 3 phases were measured separately by the texture goniometer at the surface and center of rolled sheets. The orientation distribution function analysis showed that the a phase possessed a weak texture, and the 3 phase possessed a strong a-fiber texture. Compared the textures between the center and surface it was indicated that the textures were as a whole homogeneous. The formation of such two phase textures depended mainly on the volume percents of both phases as well as the recrystallization annealing.

铁基形状记忆合金力学性能和激活回复性能研究

对研发的铁基形状记忆合金(Fe-based shape memory alloys,Fe-SMA)热轧板和冷轧板的力学性能和激活回复性能进行试验研究,得到了材料的力学性能基本参数和不同激活条件下的回复应力水平。研究发现,Fe-SMA材料具有很高的强度和优异的延展性。Fe-SMA热轧板的弹性模量均值为182GPa,抗拉强度1136MPa,总延伸率45.0%。Fe-SMA冷轧板的弹性模量与热轧板相差不大,但冷轧板抗拉强度和总延伸率有所降低。在不同预拉伸应变与激活温度组合下,Fe-SMA的回复应力水平为165MPa~366MPa,可以满足目前工程应用中针对钢板裂纹修复和梁式结构承载能力提升的加固需求。与热轧板相比,Fe-SMA冷轧板在冷轧处理过程中形状记忆性能变差,反复升温激活过程中累积效应降低,因而热轧Fe-SMA更适用于需要多次激活补偿预应力损失的结构加固应用。Fe-SMA的基本材性指标和激活回复应力水平可以达到国际水准,但造价更低,适合于土木工程领域的加固应用。

铁基形状记忆合金加固钢梁和混凝土梁的加固机理与研究进展

土木工程中钢梁或混凝土梁在服役过程中会发生开裂、损伤、老化和承载力退化等问题,常常需要对结构进行加固来保证其承载能力、延长其使用寿命。目前,应用铁基形状记忆合金(Fe-based shape memory alloys,Fe-SMA)对结构进行预应力加固被证明是一种高效可靠的方式。对形状记忆合金的形状记忆特性、激活回复性能和基本力学性能研究现状进行了梳理,对用Fe-SMA进行结构加固的热激励加固原理进行了阐述。在此基础上,从加固钢梁和混凝土梁两个方面,梳理了Fe-SMA构件和被加固结构之间的连接方法,根据加固需求和目的对现有研究和应用进行了分类分析和总结。最后,针对目前的研究与应用现状的不足之处,对Fe-SMA应用于结构加固进行了展望,以期促进其在土木工程领域的合理应用。