NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF INDUCTION SKULL MELTING PROCESS FOR TITANIUM-ALUMINIUM BASE ALLOY

The mathematics model for temperature field of water-cooling copper crucible induction skull melting process was established. The program for simulating temperature field of melting process was developed with finite element method. The temperature field of the melting process for Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was calculated. During melting period, the temperature is raised gradually along radius augmentation direction. The elements of the charge near the crucible wall are molten first. The center elements of the charge are molten last. The melting time of the center element is just that of all the charge melting. The melting time of Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy is 15min. In which, the charge was heated by low power 80kW for 9min and by high power 300kW for 6min. When melting Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy, the loading power is nearly direct proportion to melt temperature. Increasing loading power may raise melt temperature. The best melting power of Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy is 305-310kW. This is identical with the melting test and has guidance sense to the melting process of actual titanium alloy.

Effects of can parameters on canned-forging process of TiAl base alloy(Ⅱ)--Mechanical behavior

By using thermal simulation technique and computer simulation, the conventional canned forging process of TiAl base alloy was studied. The effect of can parameters on the mechanical behavior of TiAl alloys with different H/D ratios was analyzed in this process. The results show that, the peak stress of TiAl base alloy without canning is far higher than that with canning. Compared with the samples with the same H/D ratio, the peak stress decreases with increasing can thickness; while compared with the samples with the same can thickness, the peak stress decreases with increasing H/D ratio. The decrease of the true stress of TiAl base alloy with canning were analyzed according to the theory of plastic deformation and results of computer simulation.

Numerical simulation of fluid flow and alloy melting in RH process for electrical steels

Based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach,a mathematical model was established to describe the gas-liquid flow behavior in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)degasser.The momentum source and the turbulent kinetic energy source due to the motion of gas bubbles were considered for the liquid flow.The effect of the expansion of gas bubbles on the liquid velocity,recirculation rate,and mixing time was quantitatively evaluated.After the fluid flow reached the steady state,the melting and mixing processes of aluminum alloys in the RH degasser were also investigated.The results indicate that the expansion of gas bubbles has a significant infuence on the recirculation rate and the mixing time in the RH process.Increasing the superheat of liquid steel and decreasing the initial diameter of alloy particles are beneficial to promote the melting and mixing of alloy particles.Due to the existence of solidified steel shells,the maximum diameter of the alloy particle is about 1.5 times its initial diameter.

Modeling of velocity field for vacuum induction melting process

The numerical simulation for the recirculating flow of melting of an electromagnetically stirred alloy in a cylindrical induction furnace crucible was presented. Inductive currents and electromagnetic body forces in the alloy under three different solenoid frequencies and three different melting powers were calculated, and then the forces were adopted in the fluid flow equations to simulate the flow of the alloy and the behavior of the free surface. The relationship between the height of the electromagnetic stirring meniscus, melting power, and solenoid frequency was derived based on the law of mass conservation. The results show that the inductive currents and the electromagnetic forces vary with the frequency, melting power, and the physical properties of metal. The velocity and the height of the meniscus increase with the increase of the melting power and the decrease of the solenoid frequency.

Numerical simulation of standing waves for ultrasonic purification of magnesium alloy melt

It was attempted to enhance and accelerate the separation of oxidation inclusions from magnesium alloy melt by virtue of ultrasonic agglomeration technology.In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of standing waves for ultrasonic purification of magnesium alloy melt,numerical simulation and relevant experiment were carried out.The numerical simulation was broken into two main aspects.On one hand,the ultrasonic field propagations within the cells with various shapes were characterized by numerical solutions of the wave equation and with a careful choice of geometry a nearly idealized standing wave field was finally obtained.On the other hand,within such a standing wave field the agglomeration behavior of oxidation inclusions in magnesium alloy melt was analyzed and discussed.The agglomeration time and agglomeration position of oxidation inclusions were predicted with numerical simulation method.The results show that the oxidation inclusions whose apparent densities are close to the density of the melt can agglomerate at wave nodes in a short time which to a great extent enhances and accelerates the separation of oxidation inclusions from magnesium alloy melt.

TiAl合金板材无包套轧制工艺模拟

针对TiAl合金变形抗力高、热加工窗口窄、包套轧制工艺复杂的难题,开展TiAl合金板材无包套热辊轧制过程的有限元模拟,研究不同轧辊温度对板材轧制成形性能的影响,通过不同压下量的轧制模拟得到合适的压下范围区间参数。结果表明,轧辊温度的提高对于减缓板材在轧制过程中的温降效果显著,并且有利于提高轧制过程中轧件的变形均匀性;当轧制压下率控制在10%~20%之间时,板材的变形相对均匀,未出现明显应变集中。随着轧辊温度的增加板材表面均匀性与板形平直度均有明显改善。

TiAl基金属间化合物研究进展

与普通超合金相比,TiAl基金属间化合物以其优异的性能在航空和汽车工业中应用越来越广泛.本文总结了TiAl基合金在微观结构控制、微观组织对性能影响、合金化、熔炼技术、加工技术以及应用等方面的研究进展.

TiAl基合金熔模精密铸造技术的发展现状

TiAl基合金作为一种新型轻质高温结构材料,以其密度低、比强度和比模量高,具有较好的抗氧化和蠕变性能以及优异的抗疲劳性能,在航空航天和汽车等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了TiAl基合金的熔炼技术、熔模精密铸造技术及应用研究,并提出了TiAl基合金熔模精密铸造技术的不足与展望。

TiAl基合金排气阀立式离心铸造充型及凝固过程数值模拟

以N-S方程、连续性方程及Fourier导热方程为基础,结合离心力、重力及Coriolis力,在实验的基础上建立了立式离心铸造充型过程及凝固过程数学模型,并且依据此模型对TiAl基合金排气阀立式离心铸造过程温度场、流场及压力场进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明,离心铸造的充型过程存在正向和反向两个充填过程,在入口处易出现卷气缺陷,凝固过程也存在正向和反向两个凝固顺序,在靠近先充填一侧易于形成偏轴线缩松缺陷。

TiAl合金熔模精铸件缩孔形成的数值模拟及预测

提出了广度关联搜索孤立区的新方法,结合等效液面收缩量法对TiAl合金精铸叶片缩孔形成过程进行了数值模拟,并预测了铸件缩孔的大小及产生的位置。采用熔模精铸工艺浇注了TiAl合金叶片,并对铸件进行了解剖,解剖断面与数值模拟结果进行了对比,模拟结果与解剖结果基本符合。表明这种模拟缩孔的方法可以准确地预测缩孔的大小和缩孔的位置。

悬浮熔炼下电源参数和冷坩埚结构对铝钪合金熔体的影响

为了研究高钪含量铝钪合金悬浮熔炼过程工艺参数对熔体磁场、温度和流动的影响,实现均质组织制备,通过COMSOL Multiphysics软件对悬浮熔炼过程进行了模拟,研究了不同电源参数和冷坩埚结构对熔体熔炼的影响。结果表明:磁感线透过开缝进入坩埚内部,坩埚底部磁场强度远大于坩埚中部的。增大电流强度和增多坩埚分瓣数都会使坩埚内部的磁场变强,而增加电流频率则会使内部磁场变弱,加热效率降低。增大电流会增大熔体各个位置的温度和流速,增加频率会使悬浮力增强、温度升高、流速减小,且沿逆时针搅拌的流速减小的幅度更大。根据模拟结果获得的熔炼工艺方案为:采用24分瓣坩埚,电流400 A,频率10 kHz,在此工艺下制备出成分均匀的Al-23%Sc合金。

TiAl合金粉末射频等离子体球化过程数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法对TiAl合金粉末的射频(radio frequency)等离子体球化过程进行研究,分析速度场和温度场对不同粒径TiAl合金粉末的运动轨迹及质量变化的影响。结果表明:粉体颗粒在等离子体的高温作用下温度急剧升高,表面蒸发导致粒径降低,太小的颗粒很快蒸发消失掉;在冷却塔下端,不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹存在较大差异,小颗粒倾向于随气流进入气流出口,大颗粒落到冷却塔底部被收集;增大气流量会提高球化系统中的气流速度,导致在气流出口能被气流带走的颗粒粒径变大,收粉率降低;模拟得到TiAl合金粉末球化后的粉末粒径分布、平均粒径及收粉率等参数与实验结果比较接近,模型能够较好地符合实际球化过程。

激光选区熔化铜合金多道成形的熔池行为和缺陷机理

目的针对激光选区熔化成形铜合金零件中孔隙缺陷的质量问题,研究不同扫描间距下多道熔池的动力学行为,以及不规则未熔合孔隙缺陷的生成机制。方法构建多物理场的高保真数值模型,采用离散元法搭建粉末床,结合两相流法追踪金属相自由表面,并通过射线追踪算法研究多道成形时的全局吸收率,深入分析扫描间距对熔池演变以及未熔合孔隙缺陷的影响。结果前一熔道的扫描对后一熔道有预热效果,因此第2熔道的宽度和吸收率总是大于第1道。随着扫描间距的增加,热积累效应减弱,第2道熔池的宽度和深度随之减小。扫描间距小会增加熔道间的重叠部分,不利于提升零件的构建速率,但无限地增加扫描间距会导致未熔化孔隙缺陷。通过对比70、100、130μm扫描间距下的成形熔道发现,70μm熔道的搭接率接近50%,100μm能形成良好的搭接,且没有缺陷生产,而130μm熔道有明显的孔隙缺陷及未完全熔化的粉末。结论扫描间距的变化会造成液态熔体流动、传热和传质的改变,进而改变激光选区熔化铜合金多道成形的熔池动力学行为与吸收率,最终影响成形件的质量。选用合适的扫描间距可以有效地避免未熔合缺陷,并保证相邻熔道间有良好的搭接率。

TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程数值模拟的试验验证

TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程较其它铸造过程的充型有很大的不同 ,它是在重力场、离心力场及科里奥利力场共同作用下完成的充型过程。本文通过对离心铸造充型过程的液体进行受力分析 ,依据描述流体流动行为的N S方程及连续性方程 ,建立了TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程数值模拟模型 ,为研究TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程及缺陷形成规律提供了新的研究方法 。

工艺参数对离心铸造TiAl合金杆形件缩孔缺陷影响的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法研究了离心铸造工艺参数对TiAl合金杆形件缩孔缺陷的影响,并根据凝固温度场对影响的原因进行了分析。结果表明,提高浇注温度,补缩效果提高,当浇注温度为1 600℃时缩孔缺陷水平最低;提高型壳预热温度,补缩效果提高,缩孔缺陷水平降低;提高浇注速度,补缩效果降低,缩孔缺陷水平提高;提高离心转速,补缩效果提高,缩孔缺陷水平降低。

选区激光熔化24CrNiMo高强钢介观尺度数值模拟与实验验证

目的建立选区激光熔化(SLM)增材制造24CrNiMo高强钢三维粉床模型,通过介观尺度数值模拟探究工艺参数与熔池冶金缺陷形成和演化的内在关联,结合熔道成形试验验证模拟方法的可靠性。方法采用离散元法与有限体积法构建介观尺度模型模拟激光与粉末的交互作用,通过提取模拟试样特定位置的熔道形貌、熔池尺寸、传热机制等熔池行为的基本特征,将熔池表面形貌和内部缺陷等模拟结果与SLM实验结果进行对比分析。结果保持激光扫描速度、搭接宽度、粉末层厚和扫描角度等工艺参数不变,随着激光功率从430 W增加到520 W,试样的成形质量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当激光功率较低时,粉末未充分熔化,表面球化效应严重,内部以未熔合缺陷为主。当激光能量过高时,熔池传热传质剧烈,表面粉末飞溅严重,内部易产生匙孔缺陷。当激光功率为490 W时,可获得表面成形质量高、内部缺陷少的高强钢试样。结论数值模拟结果与SLM试验现象保持一致,建立的介观尺度数值模拟方法可为SLM成形高强钢工艺参数优化和成形质量调控提供理论指导。

TiAl基合金的熔炼与铸造成形工艺研究现状

综述了TiAl基合金的发展现状,介绍了TiAl合金的铸锭熔炼工艺(主要有凝壳感应熔炼、真空电弧熔炼、等离子束熔炼、电子束熔炼)及将铸锭铸造成TiAl基合金的工艺方法(主要介绍了熔模精密铸造和金属型铸造)。最后总结了TiAl基合金熔炼与铸造工艺中需要解决的问题和今后研究的重点。

TiAl基合金感应熔炼自由液面的变化规律研究

冷坩埚感应熔炼技术提高了钛铝基合金的熔体质量.对合金熔体在该熔炼中自由液面变化的认识,增强了对熔炼过程的控制优化.对Ti48Al(原子分数)进行了冷坩埚感应熔炼实验研究,采用十字钢板烧痕法测试了自由液面形状,计算了熔体自由液面高度,获得了Ti48Al自由液面形状随功率、炉料质量或者密度的经验公式.结果表明:增加功率或减少炉料质量均使自由液面高度增大;Ti48Al比相同熔体体积纯Ti的自由液面高度增加.与纯Ti比较,TiAl基合金的密度小、电导率大,增加功率、减少炉料质量不利于TiAl基合金获得稳定的熔体自由液面.

VAR制备TiAl合金铸锭的高温本构模型及挤压过程的数值模拟

采用Gleeble热压缩试验建立了真空自耗法制备φ220 mm TiAl合金铸锭的高温变形本构方程,将该本构方程嵌入Deform-3D软件后对不同工艺条件下TiAl合金铸锭的热挤压过程进行了数值模拟,获得了在不同模具锥角及不同挤压速度下棒材内的等效应变场、温度场,得出70%变形量下TiAl合金最佳的挤压工艺。研究发现,模具锥角对棒材等效应变场、温度场和均匀变形区尺寸均有较大影响;而挤压速度对棒材等效应变场影响不大,但对棒材的温度场有显著影响。

TiAl合金精密铸造计算机数值模拟的研究现状与展望

TiAl合金具有低密度、高比强度,以及良好的抗蠕变、抗氧化性等性能,精密铸造工艺可以较好地实现TiAl合金零件尤其是复杂结构零件的成型。利用计算机数值模拟手段优化精密铸造工艺,可提高铸件品质,降低成本及缩短产品试制周期。对TiAl铸件的充型和凝固过程以及其应力和微观组织的计算机数值模拟的研究现状进行了综述和展望。