Effect of N_(2) partial pressure on comprehensive properties of antibacterial TiN/Cu nanocomposite coating

Foreign body reactions to the wear debris and corrosion products from the implants,and bacterial infections are the main factors leading to the implant failures.In order to resolve these problems,the antibacterial TiN/Cu nanocomposite coatings with various N_(2) partial pressures were deposited on 304 stainless steels(SS)using an arc ion plating(AIP)system,named TiN/Cu-x(x=0.5,1.0,1.5 Pa).The results of X-ray diffraction analysis,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy showed that the N_(2) partial pressures determined the Cu contents,surface defects,and crystallite sizes of TiN/Cu nanocomposite coatings,which further influenced the comprehensive abilities.And the hardness and wear resistances of TiN/Cu coatings were enhanced with increase of the crystallite sizes.Under the co-actions of surface defects,crystallite sizes,and Cu content,TiN/Cu-1.0 and TiN/Cu-1.5 coatings possessed excellent corrosion resistance.Besides,the biological tests proved that all the TiN/Cu coatings showed no cytotoxicity with strong antibacterial ability.Among them,TiN/Cu-1.5 coating significantly promoted the cell proliferation,which is expected to be a novel antibacterial,corrosion-resistant,and wear-resistant coating on the surfaces of medical implants.

Elevated temperature oxidation behavior of HVOF sprayed TiB_2 cermet coating

Oxidation behaviors of Ni(Cr)-TiB2 coating deposited by HVOF technique were studied at 800,900 and 1 000℃in air. The microstructures of as-sprayed and oxidized coatings were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).After oxidation at 800℃,a thin and adherent oxide layer was formed on the surface of the coating.With increasing exposure temperature,the thickness of the oxide layer increased;and at 1 000℃the oxide layer separated from the coating.Investigation of the kinetics of oxidation by using the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)technique shows a parabolic oxidation rate.

Electrical resistivity of TiB_2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The electrical resistivity of TiB2/C cathode composite coating at different temperatures was measured with the electrical conductivity test device; the effects of TiB2 content and kinds of carbonaceous fillers as well as their mean particle size on their electrical resistivities were investigated. The results show that electrical resistivity of the coating decreases with the increase of TiB2 content and the decrease of its mean particle size. When the mass fraction of TiB2 increases from 30% to 60%, the electrical resistivity of the coating at room temperature decreases from 31.2μΩ·m to 23.8μΩ·m. The electrical resistivity of the coating at 960℃ lowers from 76.1μΩ· m to 38.4μΩ·m with the decrease of TiB2 mean particle size from 12μm to 1μm. The kinds of carbonaceous fillers have great influence on the electrical resistivity of TiB2/C composite coating at 960℃, when the graphite, petroleum coke and anthracite are used as fillers, the electrical resistivities of the coating are 20.3μΩ·m, 53.7μΩ·m and 87.2μΩ·m, respectively. For the coating with petroleum coke filler, its electrical resistivity decreases with the increase of the mean particle size of petroleum coke filler. The electrical resistivity at 960℃ decreases from 56.2μΩ·m to 48.2μΩ·m with the mean particle size of petroleum coke increasing from 44μm to 1200μm. However, too big carbonaceous particle size has adverse influence on the abrasion resistance of coating. Its proper mean particle size is 420μm.

Preparation and properties of supersonic atmospheric plasma sprayed TiB2−SiC coating

With the TiB2−SiC powders after spray granulation and vacuum calcination as raw materials,the TiB2−SiC coating was prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying(SAPS).The effects of spraying power and spraying distance on the properties of the TiB2−SiC coating were investigated and the fabrication processing of SAPS was optimized.The results show that the sprayed powders after calcination have a uniform particle size distribution,good sphericity and enhanced fluidity.The coating prepared by the calcined powders has a dense structure and high deposition efficiency.When the calcined TiB2−SiC powders are used and the spraying power is 95 kW and the spraying distance is 150 mm during supersonic plasma spraying,the obtained TiB2−SiC coating behaves the best comprehensive performance with the porosity,microhardness,bonding strength and resistivity equal to 5.6%,3.57 GPa,18.3 MPa and 10.8 mΩ·cm,respectively.

Preparation and tribological performance of electrodeposited Ni-TiB_2-Dy_2O_3 composite coatings

TiB2 and Dy2O3 were used as codeposited particles in the preparation of Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings to improve its performance. Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method with a nickel cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hexadecylpyridinium bromide solution containing TiB2 and Dy2O3 particles. The content of codeposited TiB2 and Dy2O3 in the composite coatings was controlled by adding TiB2 and Dy2O3 particles of different concentrations into the solution, respectively. The effects of TiB2 and Dy2O3 content on microhardness, wear mass loss and friction coefficients of composite coatings were investigated. The composite coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer （ICP-AES） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） techniques. Ni-TiBE-Dy2O3 composite coatings showed higher microhardness, lower wear mass loss and friction coefficient compared with those of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2 composite coatings. The wear mass loss of Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings was 9 and 1.57 times lower than that of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2 composite coatings, respectively. The friction coefficient of pure Ni coating, Ni-TiB2 and Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings were 0.723, 0.815 and 0.619, respectively. Ni-TiBE-Dy2O3 composite coatings displayed the least friction coefficient among the three coatings. Dy2O3 particles in composite coatings might serve as a solid lubricant between contact surfaces to decrease the friction coefficient and abate the wear of the composite coatings. The loading-bearing capacity and the wear-reducing effect of the Dy2O3 particles were closely related to the content of Dy2O3 particles in the composite coatings.

Ambient temperature cured TiB_2 cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The concept of ambient temperature curable TiB 2 cathode coating was put forward, and the ambient temperature curable TiB 2 cathode coating was prepared successfully. Differing from the previous TiB 2 cathode coating solidified approximately at 200 ℃,the ambient temperature curable TiB 2 cathode coating can be solidified at room temperature, so the heating equipment is not necessary, which simplifies the preparation process and facilitates the industrial application of TiB 2 cathode coating. Many kinds of resin and curing agent were investigated. On the above mentioned basis, the ambient temperature curable TiB 2 cathode coating was prepared with furan resin 5 500 mixed with complex resins B as carbon binder and DXG1 as curing agent in 24 h. The results show that the properties of prepared coating are excellent, the electrical resistivity is 29.8 μΩ·m, the compressive strength is 33.6 MPa, which are all better than the relevant properties of partially graphitized cathode carbon block for aluminum electrolysis prescribed by the GB 8744 88. SEM morphologies show that the section morphology of the TiB 2 coating is unaltered during the electrolysis test, the TiB 2 coating can be used in aluminum electrolysis industry to save energy and prolong the life of aluminum electrolysis cell.

TiB2 coating formed on nickel substrates by electroplating in molten salt of fluoride

The TiB2 coatings deposited over nickel substrate by electroplating was investigated, which is in molten salt of a fluoride mixture involving KF, NaF, K2 TiF6 and KBF4. Effects of temperature, cathodic current density (Jc) and duration on the coating's formation were examined. The composition, morphology and structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the coatings, with black, smooth and uniform appearance, are composed of predominating TiB2 and small amounts of nickel titanium oxide (Ni0.75 Ti0.125 O). The coatings show a nodular morphology and the grain size is dependent on the Jc and ranges about 1 - 10 μm. There is a linear relationship between the coating's thickness and the time of electrolysis within certain duration range. The reduction of the potassium can take place simultaneously with the electrochemical synthesis of TiB2 as the Jc is in excess of certain level. The hardness of the TiB2 coatings is likely to be deteriorated due to the presence of potassium and Ni0.75Ti0.125 O in the coatings.

Effect of carbon fibre on properties of TiB_2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The tensile strength,compressive strength and electrical resistivity of TiB2/C composite cathode coating were measured with a hydraulic pressure universal test machine and an electrical resistivity test device,and the effects of carbon fibre content and carbon fibre length on tensile strength,compressive strength and electrical resistivity were investigated.The results show that the tensile strength of coating increases at the beginning and then reduces with the increase of carbon fibre content when the carbon fibre(length of 3 mm)content ranges from 0 to 4.0%;at the carbon fibre content of 1.5%,the tensile strength of coating reaches the maximum,25.6 MPa.For the coating with carbon fibre content of 1.5%,the carbon fibre length has a great influence on tensile strength and compressive strength of coating;when the carbon fibre length is 6 mm,the tensile strength and compressive strength of coating reach the maximum,27.6 MPa and 39.2 MPa,respectively.The electrical resistivity of coating reduces with the rise of temperature and the length of carbon fibre,and the influence of carbon fibre length on electrical resistivity of coating at low temperature(30-200℃)is more obvious than that at high temperature(960℃).

Colloidal Alumina-bonded TiB_2 Coating on Cathode Carbon Blocks in Aluminum Cells

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) with reduction process was used to fabricate TiB2 powder from TiO2-B2O3-Mg system. The colloidal alumina-bonded TiB2 paste was prepared and coated on the cathode carbon blocks. Various properties of the baked paste such as the corrosive resistance, thermal expansion and wettability were tested. Experimental results showed that the colloidal alumina-bonded TiB2 coating could be well wetted by liquid aluminum; and the thermal expansion coefficient of the coated material was 5.8x10(-6) degreesC(-1) at 20-1000 degreesC, which was close to that of the traditional anthracite block cathode (4x10(-6) degreesC(-1)); the electrical resistivity was 8 mu Omega (.)m at 900 degreesC when the content of alumina in the coated material was about 9% in mass fraction. In addition, some other good results such as sodium resistance were also reported.

Effects of C/B4 C ratio on microstructure and property of Fe-based alloy coatings reinforced with in situ synthesized TiB2 -TiC

The Fe-based alloy coatings reinforced with in situ synthesized TiB2-TiC were prepared on Q235 steel by reactive plasma cladding using Fe901 alloy, Ti, B4C, and graphite （C） powders us raw materials. The effects of C/B4C weight percentage ratio （0 - 1. 38 ） on the microstructure , microhardness , and wet sand abrasion resistance of the coatings were investigated. The results show that the coatings consist of （ Fe, Cr ） solid solution, TiC, TiB2, Ti8C5 , and Fe3 C phases. The decrease of C/B4 C ratio is propitious to the formation of TiB2 and Tis C5. Increasing the C/B4 C ratio can help to refine the microstructure of the coatings. However, the microhardness of the middle-upper of the coatings and the wet sand abrasion resistance of the coatings degenerate with the increase of C/B4C ratio. The coating exhibits the best wet sand abrasion resistance at C/BaC =0 and its average mass loss rate per unit wear distance is 0. 001 2%/m. The change of the wet sand abrasion resistance of the coatings with the C/B4C ratio can be mainly attributed to the combined action of the changes of microhardness and the volume percentage of the ceramic reinforcements containing titanium in the coatings.

TiN/TiNO/SiO_(2)太阳能选择性吸收涂层的优化设计及热稳定性评价

目的太阳能选择性吸收涂层是太阳能热利用的核心材料。方法采用磁控溅射法制备Ti N/TiNO/SiO_(2)太阳能选择性吸收涂层,测定红外反射层Ti N、吸收层Ti NO的折射率n、消光系数k,对Ti N层建立Tauc-Lorentz模型进行数据迭代优化拟合,对Ti NO层建立Drude模型进行数据迭代优化拟合。通过TFCalc光学镀膜设计软件,设置连续目标在300~1500 nm光谱区反射率低于5%,得到软件优化的反射率曲线、各层的最优厚度,确定优化的工艺参数。利用UV-VIS-NIR、FTIR、SEM、XRD、EDS、AFM和XPS表征优化涂层的光学性能、评价热稳定性。结果优化后的涂层,吸收率为0.906、发射率为0.0852;经265℃、600 h热处理后,涂层的吸收率和发射率分别为0.933和0.1033,PC值小于0.01。随热处理时间的增长,α有小幅上升;热处理时间对ε的影响较小;这与表面Si O_(2)氧化物薄膜层在一定程度上阻止了晶粒的长大有关。热处理后,发现涂层表面局部位置有少量的小坑,但涂层的表面成分不变。非晶基质Si O_(2)和Ti O_(2)的再结晶是吸收率提高的主要原因;热处理后的涂层表面非常致密,粗糙度的降低有利于阻碍氧原子向内层的扩散,可以有效提高涂层的热稳定性。结论优化的Ti N/TiNO/SiO_(2)涂层,选择性吸收性能及热稳定性得到有效提高,具有较好的实际应用前景。

喷砂时间对TiCN/α-Al_(2)O_(3)/TiN涂层金属陶瓷刀片表面状态和磨损性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积法在金属陶瓷基体表面沉积了MT-TiCN/α-Al_(2)O_(3)/TiN涂层,再对CVD涂层金属陶瓷刀片进行喷砂处理,分析经不同喷砂时间处理后的涂层金属陶瓷刀片的表面形貌、力学性能以及耐磨性能。结果表明:喷砂时间对涂层金属陶瓷刀片表面的冲蚀程度影响较大。未经喷砂处理的涂层表面粗糙度较高且存在较大的残余拉应力,而喷砂处理后的涂层金属陶瓷刀片的表面粗糙度与表面残余应力大幅下降,且表面硬度和耐磨性大幅提高。当喷砂时间为10s时,涂层金属陶瓷刀片获得了最低的表面粗糙度,与未喷砂的涂层刀片相比,表面残余拉应力降低了85%。基于不同喷砂时间处理后的涂层表面粗糙度、硬度、残余应力以及后刀面磨损形貌,得到的最佳喷砂时间为10s。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited by arc ion plating with separate targets

TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were prepared by arc ion plating with separate targets. In order to decrease the unfavorable macroparticles, a straight magnetized filter was used for the low melting aluminium target. The results show that the output plasmas of titanium target without filter and aluminium target with filter reach the substrate with the same order of magnitude. Meanwhile, the number of macropartieles in TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited with separate targets is only 1/10-1/3 of that deposited with alloy target reported in literature. Al atom addition may lead to the decrease of peak at （200） lattice plane and strengthening of peak at （111） and （220） lattice planes. The measured hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings accords with the mixture principle and the maximum hardness is HV2495. The adhesion strength reaches 75 N.

TiB_2-TiN复合陶瓷刀具材料的显微结构和力学性能研究

热压烧结制备了不同TiN含量的复合陶瓷刀具材料TiB2-TiN-(Ni,Mo),对其性能测试表明,随着TiN含量的增加,材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧度逐渐提高,但是材料的硬度在TiN的含量达到40%(体积分数)时却大幅度降低。利用X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDAX)分析了复合材料的物相和显微组织,结果表明,烧结过程中生成了MoNi相;随TiN含量增加,材料从以沿晶断裂为主转变为同时有沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的断裂模式;裂纹扩展过程中有金属颗粒桥连现象。分析认为,材料的主要增韧机制是延性相颗粒桥连和裂纹偏转。

Cr12MoV钢表面磁控溅射TiB_2-TiN薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

采用磁控溅射技术在淬火态Cr12MoV表面制备SiC/TiN、SiC/TiB2-TiN薄膜(SiC为中间层),研究TiN、TiB2-TiN薄膜的组织结构和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,SiC薄膜与基材和TiN、TiB2-TiN薄膜间都具有明显的且呈梯度的元素扩散,界面结合良好。在水润滑条件下与钢球对摩时(载荷0.5 N,时间0.5 h),TiN薄膜、TiB2-TiN薄膜具有良好摩擦磨损性能,其平均摩擦因数分别为0.33、0.31,低于淬火态Cr12MoV的0.45,磨损速率分别为2.0×10-8和1.5×10-8mm3/(N.m),低于淬火态Cr12MoV的8.66×10-7mm3/(N.m),其中在水润滑条件下TiB2-TiN薄膜比TiN薄膜具有更好的摩擦磨损性能。

辉光合成TiN/TiB_2复合渗镀层摩擦性能的研究

利用等离子尖端放电、空心阴极效应和反应气相沉积技术,在碳钢表面形成具有扩散层和沉积层的Ti N渗镀层,然后在此渗镀层表面沉积(PVD法)TiB2薄膜,形成Ti N/TiB2复合渗镀层。并且将其与在碳钢基体表面直接沉积(PVD法)TiB2薄膜进行表面形貌、硬度、摩擦磨损性能对比。结果表明Ti N/TiB2复合渗镀层厚度可达十几微米,成分和硬度呈梯度分布,与基体是冶金结合,结合力好,无剥落现象。表面是均匀、致密、细小的胞状组织。表面平均硬度HV2600,平均摩擦因数小,耐磨性好。

TiB_2-TiN-Ni-C_(sf)陶瓷刀具与316L奥氏体不锈钢间的干摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了TiB_2-TiN-Ni-C_(sf)(TTNC)陶瓷刀具材料与316L奥氏体不锈钢间的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明:当载荷为65N时,随着滑动速度从6m/min增大到15m/min,对磨材料间的摩擦系数和TTNC陶瓷刀具材料的磨损率逐渐减小;当滑动速度为15m/min时,载荷由55N增加到60N时,对磨材料间的摩擦系数和TTNC陶瓷刀具材料的磨损率增加缓慢;当载荷由60N增加到70N时,摩擦系数与磨损率急剧增加。磨损后的TTNC陶瓷刀具材料表面留有犁沟、片层结构、凹坑以及撕裂面,TTNC陶瓷刀具材料的磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。

TiN／TiB2纳米复合材料的合成与性能

结合高能球磨和高温高压实验技术,制备了块体TiN/TiB2纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射和拉曼光谱对材料的微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,采用金属Ti和六方BN为原料,在球磨过程和高温高压实验过程中,TiN先于TiB2形成,球磨70 h后有少量的纳米晶TiN开始形成。在高温高压实验中,在样品腔的合成温度低于1 300℃时,没有TiB2出现;当温度达到1 300℃后,合成出了TiN和TiB2的复合材料。对所合成的块状材料的热膨胀性和导电性能进行了测试。

Obtaining at High Pressure the TiN-TiB2 Ceramic Nano-Composite

The process of consolidation of TiN nanopowders under a hydrostatic pressure of 3 GPa was evaluated from the evolution of substructure parameters of compacts obtained after different exposure of powder bodies under constant pressure at room temperature. It has been established that in compaction, changes in the substructure reflect deformation processes of the porous body, which are accompanied by relaxation processes and the corresponding decrease in microstresses. The sintering of consolidated 80 wt% TiN - 20 wt% TiB2 powders at 3 GPa in the temperature range 1300℃ - 1600℃ leads to the substitution of N atoms by B atoms in TiN and possibly to the substitution of B atoms by N atoms in TiB2. The presence of oxygen in powders promotes the formation of titanium oxynitride, which increases the microhardness of specimens.