Microstructure and evolution of(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)/NiAl composites prepared by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis

（TiB2＋Al2O3）/NiAl composites were synthesized by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis, and their phase compositions, microstructures and evolution modes were studied. The microstructures and shapes vary with the TiB2＋Al2O3 content in the NiAl matrix. TiB2 particles take a great variety of elementary shapes such as white bars, plates, herringbones, regular cubes and cuboids. These results outline a strategy of self-assembly processes in real time to build diversified microstructures. Some TiB2 grains in sizes of 2-5μm are embeded in Al2O3 clusters, while a small number of TiB2 particles disperse in the NiAl matrix. It is believed that the higher the TiB2＋Al2O3 content is, the more the regular shapes and homogeneous distributions of TiB2 and Al2O3 will be present in the NiAl matrix.

Effect of Ti/B Additions on the Formation of Al_3 Ti of in situ TiB_2/Al Composites

A novel technique for fabricating TiB_2/Al composites in molten aluminum was introduced. The formation mechanism of brittleAl,Ti particulates up to 30 m in size produced in the composites was studied and a method of eliminating them was proposed. The resultsshow that (l) the brittle Al,Ti particulates are always present in the composites when the molar ratio of Ti to B 'T,:nB is l:2; and (2) theformation of the brittle Al,Ti phase can be avoided entirely from the final product by using a proper 'T,:nB of l:4 in the Ti-B-Al preforms.In the former case, the tensile elongation of the composite is only 4%, much lower than the value of pure aluminum (20%). In the latercase, the tensile elongation of this composite is 10%, higher than the value of the composite with a lot ofAl,Ti (4%), whereas the ultimatetensile stfength of the former is nearly that of the later.

Behavior of CeO2 additive in in-situ TiB_2 particles reinforced 2014 Al alloy composite

In-situ TiB2 particles reinforced 2014 aluminum alloy composite was prepared using an exothermic reaction process with K2TiF6 and KBF4 salts. The effects of CeO2 additive on the microstructure and properties of in-situ TiB2/2014 composite were investigated. The results showed that CeO2 at high temperature exhibits the same function as Ce. When 0.5% （mass fraction） CeO2 additive was added, the dispersion of TiB2 particles in the matrix is improved significantly, and particles have no obvious settlement. The dispersing mechanism of TiB2 particles in 2014 Al alloy matrix was explained. Compared with the composite without CeO2, the hardness, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the composite with CeO2 addition are greatly increased in as-cast condition.

Microstructure and tensile properties of TiB_(2p)/6061Al composites

14% and 20% (volume fraction) TiB2p/6061Al composites were fabricated by pressure infiltration method, and then were extruded. The microstructure and properties of TiB2p/Al composites before and after extrusion were studied by TEM, SEM and tensile method. The results show that TiB2 particles employed are equiaxed polyhedrals and are well wetted with the aluminum alloy. Hot extruding is effective in eliminating defects such as pores, which are induced in the fabrication process. After T6 treatment and extrusion treatment, elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation of 14%TiB2p/6061Al composites are 107 GPa, 364.1 MPa and 9.25%, respectively. While those of 20%TiB2p/6061Al composites are 120 GPa, 472.6 MPa and 9.79%, respectively, which show high strength and plasticity. A lot of dimples and a few cracked particles are observed on the fracture surfaces of the composites, which indicates good plasticity of the composites. The high strength and plasticity of TiB2p/6061Al composites are attributed to good bonding between TiB2 particles and aluminum alloy.

Tape Casting of Al_2O_3-TiB_2/Al_2O_3-Nano-TiC Multilayer Composites

Ceramic tapes, containing Al2O3-25 wt pct TiB2(B) and Al2O3-25 wt pct nano-TiC (c), have been obtained by tape casting process. Numerous tapes (about 60～80 tapes) were prepared by stacking in turn the composition (B) and (C), laminating under 10 MPa pressure, eliminating the solvent and burning out the polymer additives. The final green bodies were hot pressed at 1750℃ and 30 MPa. The composite has a bending strength of 568 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.8 M Pa·m1/2. SEM analysis exhibits that Al2O3 particle growth was inhibited by TiC particles in C. but TiB2 particles could not hinder Al2O3 growth in B. The curves of GTA indicates that all organic additives could be removed completely above 600℃

Effect of hot extrusion on microstructure and tribological behavior of Al_(2)O_(3p) reinforced 7075 aluminum-matrix composites

The effects of hot extrusion and addition of Al_(2)O_(3p) on both microstructure and tribological behavior of 7075 composites were investigated via optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental consequences reveal that the optimal addition of Al_(2)O_(3p) was 2 wt%.After hot extrusion,the Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phases partially dissolve into the matrix and generate many uniformly distributed aging precipitation particles,the Al_(7)Cu_(2)Fe phases are squeezed and broken,and the Al_(2)O_(3p) become uniform distribution.The microhardness of as-extruded 2 wt%Al_(2)O_(3p)/7075 composites reaches HV 170.34,increased by 41.5%than as-cast composites.The wear rate of as-extruded 2 wt%Al_(2)O_(3p)/7075 composites is further lower than that of as-cast composites under the same condition.SEM-EDS analyses reveal that the reinforced wear resistance of composites can put down to the protective effect of the Al_(2)O_(3p) reinforced transition layer.After hot extrusion,the transition layer becomes stable,which determines the reinforced wear resistance of the as-extruded composites.

Study on Interface between Sub-micron Particles and Matrix in Al_2O_3p/Al Composites

The microstructural characteristic of 1070AI matrix composites reinforced by 0.15 祄 AI2O3 particles whose volume fraction was 40% was investigated by TEM and HREM. The results showed that the interface between the matrix and reinforcements was clean and bonded well, without any interfacial reaction products. There were some preferential crystallographic orientation relationships between Al matrix and AI2O3 particle because of the lattice imperfection on the surface of Al2O3 particles.

Microstructure Characteristics of Interaction Layer of Zn-Al Eutectic Alloy with Al_2O_3p/6061Al Composites

The interaction between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al203p/6061AI composites in the vacuum furnace was investigated. Great attention has been paid to the elements diffusion, the microstructure and formation of the interface between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al2O3p/6061AI composites. Experimental results show that Zn-AI eutectic alloy has a good wetting ability to Al2O3p/6061 Al composites and the wetting angle decreases with increasing the temperature in vacuum. After the interaction, an interaction layer forms between Zn-AI alloy and Al2O3p/6061 Al composites. The phases in the interaction layer mainly consist of α-AI(Zn), Al2O3 and CuZn5 resulted from the diffusion of elements from the Zn-AI alloy. Several porosities distribute in the region near the interface of the Zn-AI alloy/interaction layer. The amount of shrinkage voids in the interacting layer is relevant to the penetration of Zn element into Al2O3p/6061Al composites which is a function of temperature. So it is necessary to lower heating temperature in order to limit the Zn penetration.

挤压铸造TiB_(2P)/Al复合材料的组织与性能

采用挤压铸造法制备TiB2P/Al复合材料,并借助XRD,SEM,TEM和三点弯曲、摩擦磨损等分析测试手段研究了该材料的组织和性能。结果表明,复合材料组织致密,颗粒分布均匀,相组成主要为Al和TiB2。TEM观察表明,T6态复合材料基体中发现大量细小的β′析出相和位错。部分界面上存在不连续的块状反应物MgAl2O4。45%TiB2P/Al(体积分数,下同)复合材料的抗弯强度为934MPa,弹性模量为183GPa,比30%TiB2P/Al复合材料的分别提高了34%和28%。常温干摩擦条件下,TiB2P/Al复合材料摩擦系数变化平缓(在0.2左右波动),明显低于铝合金的摩擦系数;且复合材料的磨损表面较为平整、光滑,未观察到大塑性变形,呈现出良好的自润滑性能。

Strengthening Effect in Al_2O_(3p)/Zn-Al Composites

Al 2O 3 p /ZA22 composites were fabricated with high intensity ultrasonic treatment. The minimum diameter of reinforcement used is 0.5 μm. The microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that particles disperse homogeneously with good particle/matrix interface bonding and the mechanical properties depend on the volume fraction rather than the size of reinforcement.

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Reductive Synthesis of TiB_2-Al_2O_3 Composite Powders

TiB2-Al2O3 composite powders were produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis（SHS） method with reductive process from B2O3-TiO2-AI system. X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analyses show the presence of TiB2 and Al2O3 only in the composite powders produced by SHS. The powders are uniform and free-agglomerate. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high resolution electron microscopy （HREM） observation of microstructure of the composite powders indicate that the interfaces of the TiB2-Al2O3 bond well, without any interfacial reaction products. It is proposed that the good interfacial bonding of the composite powders can be resulted from the TiB2 particles crystallizing and growing on the Al2O3 particles surface with surface defects acting as nucleation centers.

挤压铸造TiB_(2P)/Al复合材料室温力学性能

采用挤压铸造法制备不同体积分数的TiB2P/Al复合材料,利用扫描电镜、硬度计、拉伸试验机等对复合材料的室温力学性能进行了研究,系统地分析了体积分数和热处理工艺对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:挤压铸造TiB2P/Al复合材料的布氏硬度、抗弯强度和弹性模量随增强相TiB2体积分数的增加而提高。45%TiB2P/Al复合材料T6处理后硬度和抗弯强度分别比退火态时提高了23%和40%,但热处理状态对弹性模量的影响不大。

THE REINFORCING MECHANISM OF TiB2 IN TiB2/A357 COMPOSITE

Mechanical properties were tested for in situ TiB2/A357 composite fabricated by LSM (mixed salts reaction) method. Micro structures of as cast and plastic deformed TiB2/A357 were investigated. The results show that there is a low misfit between (200) Al and (101)TiB2 with [011]//Al [101]TiB2. There is a change from fully dendritic structure of the α-Al of A357 to a rosette-type structure of TiB2/A357. Significant increases in proof stress and Young's modulus can be obtained at low TiB2 additions. There exist dislocation loops around neighboring TiB2 particles with about 0.1μm in diameter and dislocation multiplication near TiB2 particles.

Parameter optimization for plasma-sprayed Al2O3p/Al composite coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Al2O3p/Al composite coatings were prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy by plasma spraying technology with mixed powders of Al and Al2O3. An orthogonal test containing six factors and five levels was carried out to acquire the optimum technical parameters. Mierostruetures and properties of the composite coatings were studied. The results show that the coatings consist of Al2O3 particulates distributed uniformly and Al matrix, and the interface between the particulate and matrix is continuous, compact and clean. With increasing the mass fraction of Al2O3 in the mixed powders, the volume fraction of Al2O3 in the coatings iacreases. The Al2O3p/Al composite coating with 14% Al2O3 volume fraction has more compact microstrueture and more satisfactory properties.

Superplasticity in an Aluminum Alloy 6061/Al_2O_3p Composite

The superplasticity of an Al203p/6061Al composite, fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques, has been investigated. Instead of any special thermomechanical processing or hot rolling, simple hot extrusion has been employed to obtain a fine grained structure before superplastic testing. Superplastic tensile tests were performed at strain rates ranging from 10-2 to 10-4 s-1 and at temperatures from 833 to 893 K. A maximum elongation of 200% was achieved at a temperature of 853 K and an initial strain rate of 1.67×103 s-1. The highest value obtained for the strain rate sensitivity index (in) was 0.32. Differential scanning calorimeter was used to ascertain the possibility of any partial melting in the vicinity of optimum superplastic temperature. These results suggested that no liquid phase existed where maximum elongation was achieved and deformation took place entirely in the solid state.

Effect of Thermal Cycling Treatment on Microyield Behavior of Al_2O_3p/Al Composite

An aluminum alloy (6061) matrix composite reinforced with 35% (vol.) Al 2O 3 particles was fabricated by squeeze casting method. The Al 2O 3 particles were spherical. The microyield behavior of the composite and the effect of different thermal cycling treatment on the microyield behaviors of the composite were studied. Based on TEM and HREM observation of microstructure, the mechanism of microyield behavior in the Al 2O 3p/6061 composite was analyzed. The results indicate that the microyield behavior of the Al 2O 3p/6061 composite can be described by Brown Lukens theory, which was used satisfactorily for aluminum alloys and other light alloys, and is affected greatly by the different thermal cycling treatment. The more the cycles of thermal cycling treatment, the higher to microyield strength at small strains. Thermal cycling treatment affects mainly the thermal mismatch stress and the density of movable dislocations in the matrix.

原位Al_2O_3和TiB_2粒子增强Al-Cu合金基复合材料的制备和性能

由ＴｉＯ２ＡｌＢＣｕＯ体系制备了原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ３．２％Ｃｕ和Ａｌ６．０％Ｃｕ合金基复合材料。Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，在两种复合材料中均有Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２生成，没有发现Ａｌ３Ｔｉ相产生。原位生成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２粒子为尺寸小于２μｍ的等轴状粒子，在Ａｌ基体中均匀分布。室温拉伸试验表明两种ＡｌＣｕ合金基原位复合材料具有很高的强度，并且随着基体合金中Ｃｕ含量的增加复合材料的强度增加。动态压缩试验表明，这种ＡｌＣｕ合金基原位复合材料的强度对应变速率是不敏感的，这可由不同应变速率变形后的复合材料基体中位错密度大致相同来解释。高温压缩蠕变试验表明，两种复合材料均表现出高的显态应力指数。随基体合金中Ｃｕ含量的增加复合材料的蠕变抗力明显提高。

Al_2O_3,TiB_2粒子增强铝基复合材料的动态压缩性能和高温蠕变性能

对ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ２Ｏ３体系制备的两种Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２原位粒子增强铝基复合材料进行了动态压缩试验和高温拉伸蠕变试验．动态压缩试验表明，随着应变速率的提高，复合材料的强度和初始加工硬化率明显增加．然而，复合材料中含有的条状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ对复合材料的动态机械响应基本没有影响．透射电镜观察表明，在高应变速率下两种复合材料强度和初始加工硬化率的明显提高可由复合材料基体中位错密度的显著增加来解释．高温蠕变试验表明，两种复合材料均表现出高的显态应力指数和蠕变激活能．复合材料中含有的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ对蠕变速率的应力依赖性（应力指数）基本没有影响，对复合材料的蠕变抗力亦无明显的降低作用．然而Ａｌ３Ｔｉ提高了复合材料蠕变速率的温度依赖性（蠕变激活能）．在引入门槛应力后，两种复合材料的蠕变数据均可由微观结构不变模型来解释．

工艺因素对还原气氛下铝热法制备Al_2O_3-TiB_2复相陶瓷的影响

以铝粉、B2 O3 粉和TiO2 粉为原料 ,研究了埋炭还原气氛下B2 O3 加入量、温度和气氛 3种工艺因素对铝热还原法制备Al2 O3 -TiB2 复相陶瓷的影响。结果表明 :(1)在还原气氛下用铝热还原法可以制备Al2 O3 -TiB2 复相陶瓷。 (2 )原料中B2 O3 过量 ,则有 9Al2 O3 ·2B2 O3 相生成。 (3)烧成温度在 90 0℃时铝热反应基本未开始 ;10 0 0℃时有大量TiB2 和α Al2 O3 相生成 ,α Al2 O3 呈长方柱状 ,晶粒较大 ,TiB2分布在α Al2 O3 颗粒之间 ,晶粒细小 ;10 0 0℃以上时 ,反应产物的相组成变化不大 ,但 15 0 0℃后 ,TiB2晶粒较大 ,尺寸为 0 .5～ 3μm。

原位生成TiB_2/Al-Si-Mg复合材料的组织与性能

结合LSM法和MCR法原位反应生成TiB2 粒子增强Al Si Mg复合材料。研究发现 :原位生成TiB2 粒子呈等轴状且尺寸 <1μm ,大都均匀分布在共晶组织中 ,与共晶Si交织在一起 ,在α(Al)中只有少量的TiB2 粒子 ;原位TiB2 粒子可明显强化Al Si Mg复合材料 ,且随着TiB2 粒子数量的增加 ,强化效果也随之提高 ,而且延伸率也略有升高 ,如 6 %TiB2 /ZL10 4复合材料室温拉伸强度可达 2 96MPa ,延伸率为 5 .5 %;热处理 (T6)可将共晶Si由原先的连续棒状变为孤立的颗粒状 ,大幅度提高材料抗拉强度 ,使 6 %TiB2 /ZL10 4复合材料室温拉伸强度达386MPa 。