Comparative Assessment on Microstructure and Properties of in-situ TiC+Ti_(5)Si_(3)Reinforced TiAl-Sn-Zr Matrix Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering and Argon Protected Sintering

The effects of SiC particles(SiCp)on high temperature oxidation behavior of titanium matrix composites(TMCs)under different powder metallurgy processes were investigated.In situ Ti C+Ti_(5)Si_(3)reinforced titanium matrix composites were prepared by discharge plasma sintering(SPS)and argon protective sintering(APS).The results show that the two processes have a negligible effect on the composition and hardness of the samples,but the hardness of the two samples is significantly improved by adding SiCp.The apparent porosity of SPS process is obviously smaller than that of APS process,whereas,the apparent porosity increases slightly with the addition of SiCp.The oxide layer thickness and mass gain of the samples obtained by SPS process are smaller than those obtained by APS process.The oxide thickness and mass gain of both processes are further reduced by adding SiCp.The SPS composites showed the best high temperature oxidation resistance.Therefore,TMCs with Si Cp by SPS can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation behavior of the materials.

Preparation of TiC/Ni_3Al Composites by Upward Melt Infiltration

TiC/Ni_3Al composites have been prepared using upward infiltration method. The densification was performed by both Ni_3Al melt filling and TiC sintering during the infiltration. The dissolution of TiC in liquid Ni_3Al has been evidenced by finding Ni_3(Al,Ti)C after fast cooling in the TiC/Ni_3Al composites. The dissolution may be responsible for the infiltration and sintering. Compared with downward infiltration, the upward infiltration brought about higher strength and fracture toughness and shorter infiltration time. TiC/20 vol. pct Ni_3Al composite processed by upward infiltration had a flexural strength of 1476 MPa with a statistic Weibull modulus of 20.2 and a fracture toughness of 20.4 MPa . Better mechanical properties may be attributed to melt unidirectional movement in upward infiltration.

Improving Densification and Mechanical Properties of FeAl/TiC Composites by Addition of Ni

FeAl/TiC composites were fabricated by hot pressing blended elemental powders. The effects of Ni-doping on thedensification and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. Results show that the density of the composites decreases with the content of TiC increasing, and the addition of Ni significantly improves the densificationprocess by enhancing mass transfer in the bonding phase. The mechanical properties of the composites are closelyrelated with their porosity. Besides increasing the density of the composites, the addition of Ni improves the mechanical properties by other three effects: solution-strengthening the bonding phase, strengthening the FeAI-TiC interfaceand increasing ductile fracture in FeAl phase.

TiC-Maraging stainless steel composite:microstructure, mechanical and wear properties

Particulate TiC reinforced 17-4PH and 465 maraging stainless steel matrix composites were processed by conventional powder metallurgy （P/M）. TiC-maraging stainless steel composites with theoretical density 〉97% were produced using conventional P/M. The microstructure, and mechanical and wear properties of the composites were evaluated. The microstructure of the composites consisted of （core-rim structure） spherical and semi-spherical TiC particles depending on the wettability of the matrix with TiC particles. In TiC-maraging stainless steel composites, 465 stainless steel binder phase showed good wettability with TiC particles. Some microcracks appeared in the composites, indicating the presence of tensile stresses in the composites produced during sintering. The typical properties, hardness, and bend strength were reported for the composites. After heat treatment and aging, an increase in hardness was observed. The increase in hardness was at- tributed to the aging reaction in maraging stainless steel. The specific wear behavior of the composites strongly depends on the content of TiC particles and their interparticle spacing, and on the heat treatment of the maraging stainless steel.

Effect of Attapulgite Added in Plating Bath on the Properties of Ni/TiC Nano-composite Coatings

Pure copper plates were coated by Ni-TiC dipulse current plating method. The effects of adding different concentration（ranging from 0.5 g/L to 3.0 g/L） of attapulgite nano particles to the plating bath on the surface morphology, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance of Ni/TiC/Attapulgite nano-composite coatings were investigated. The experimental results show that the composite coating is flat and compact with adding 3.0 g/L in the bath, and the coating preferred orientation is changed from the planes（111） to（200）. The coefficient of the composite coatings decreases from 0.68 to 0.18 with increasing content of attapulgite in the bath, a mixed mode of adhesive-abrasive wear occurs for all coatings, and the wear mechanism shows a transition from adhesive-abrasive to predominantly abrasive wear mechanism when the concentration of attapulgite is beyond 1.5 g/L in electrolyte. The oxidation resistance of composite coatings is the best prepared when adding attapulgite particles at 0.5 g/L in the bath, the oxide mainly consists of a NiO phase by X-ray analysis.

Structure and Stability of TiC/γ Interface inFe-Cr-Ni Base Composite

The morphology. orientation relationship and stability of TiC/γ interface in Fe-Cr-Ni base composite synthesized with a liquid state in-situ process have been studied. The TiC/γ interface in as-cast sample is of coherent feature. Its orientation relationship is (020)γ／／(220)TiC, [001]γ||[001]TiC. During the aging at 1473 K, the TiC/γ interface may dissolve in matrix and lamellar M23C6 compound may precipitate from γ-matrix.

Fabrication and mechanical properties of FeAl/TiC composites

FeAl/TiC composites were fabricated by reactive hot pressing blended elemental powders. The effects of TiC content, composition of the binder phase and Ni alloying on the densification process and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results show that the densities of the composites decrease with the increase of TiC content. Closely related with their porosities and flaw densities, the hardness and bend strength of the composites show peak values with the increase of TiC content. Higher content of Al in the binder phase was beneficial to densification, however it deteriorates the mechanical properties of the composites. The addition of Ni significantly improves the densities of the composites by enhancing matter transfer in the binder phase. By alloying with Ni, the mechanical properties of the composites are greatly improved due to the increase of the density, together with solid solution-strengthening the binder phase and promoting ductile fracture of FeAl.

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Laser Clad Ni-Ag/TiC Composite Coating

Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating was prepared on the 45 steel substrates by means of laser cladding. Microstructure and wear properties of composite coatings were analyzed using optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and wear machine. The experimental results show that defects, such as cracks and pores, do not occur in the laser-cladded Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating and 45 steel substrate, and they present good metallurgical bonding between them. Compared with Ni/TiC composite coating, micro- hardness values of the two coatings do not present evident differences. The wear experiment result shows that Ni-Ag/TiC composite coated with Ag possesses low friction coefficient and good wear resistance compared with Ni/TiC composite coating.

CeO_(2)添加量对激光熔覆TiB_(2)-TiC/Ni复合涂层组织和性能的影响

利用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了添加质量分数1.0%,1.5%,2.0%CeO_(2)的TiB_(2)-TiC/Ni复合涂层,研究了复合涂层的物相组成、显微组织和硬度,讨论了搭接率(30%,40%,50%)对最佳CeO_(2)含量条件下复合涂层试样摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:复合涂层均由TiB_(2)、TiB、α-Ti、TiC、Ni_(3)Ti、Cr_(23)C_(6)、Ti_(2)Ni、Cr_(3)C_(2)、γ-Ni等相组成;添加质量分数1.5%CeO_(2)复合涂层的组织最为均匀致密,细化效果明显;随着CeO_(2)添加量的增加,复合涂层的硬度先增后降,添加质量分数1.5%CeO_(2)复合涂层的硬度最高,约为1 015 HV。CeO_(2)的最佳添加质量分数为1.5%,在此条件下随着搭接率的增加,试样的磨损质量损失先减小后增大,当搭接率为40%时,磨损质量损失最小,磨损机理为磨粒磨损。

Structure of the Intermetallic Compound Ni_3Al Synthesized under Compression of the Powder Mixture of Pure Elements Part Ⅰ: Phase Composition and Microstructure of Main Phase

It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of grains has its own domain and dislocation structure. There are mono- and polydomains with and without dislocations. The grains of the main phase of monoand polydomains without dislocations and polydomains with dislocations were formed by diffusion in the solid phase. In these conditions NiAl3 phase is located on the grain boundary of the main phase. The Ni2Al3 phase is located at the triple joints of the main phase.

Effect of Counterface Material on Friction and Wear Behavior of Ni-Cr-W-Al-Ti-MoS_2 Composites

Ni-Cr-W-Al-Ti-MoS2 self-lubricating composites were prepared through the powder metallurgy （P/M） method. Their friction properties were investigated by a pin-on-disk tribometer in the range from the room temperature to 600 ℃. Alumina, silicon nitride and nickel-iron-sulfide alloys were selected as the counterface materials. Results indicate that the lowest friction coefficients under 0.22 can be obtained at 600℃ when rubbed against alumina. When rubbed against nickel-iron-sulfide alloys, are presented the lowest wear rates in the magnitude of 10^-6 mm^3/N-m, one order of magnitude lower than those when rubbed against ceramics. In the case of three rubbing pairs, the wear rates of the composite containing MoS2 present themselves inversely proportional to friction coefficients. With alumina ceramics used as a counterface, transfer films and glaze layers will form on the contact surface playing a main role in lubrication at high temperatures. However, when silicon nitride and nickel-iron-sulfide alloy are used, the lubricating transfer films appear not to be prominent.

粉末锻造Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒增强Fe–Ni–Mo–C–Cu复合材料的组织与性能

通过粉末锻造技术制备了不同含量微米级Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒强化的Fe–Ni–Mo–C–Cu(Q61)复合材料,并对调质态和淬火态复合材料的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明:当Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数为0.15%时,增强颗粒在基体内分布均匀;相较于同种状态下不添加增强颗粒的单一Q61,调质态复合材料的硬度从HRC 38增至HRC 39.8,屈服强度从1106 MPa增至1121 MPa,延伸率从12%降至6.5%;淬火态复合材料的硬度从HRC 61.5增至HRC 63.2,磨损率从5.27×10^(-6)mm^(3)·m^(-1)·N^(-1)降至3.08×10^(-6)mm^(3)·m^(-1)·N^(-1),低于对比试验用的典型齿轮材料40Cr的磨损率(3.34×10^(-6)mm^(3)·m^(-1)·N^(-1))。当Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数大于0.15%时,Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒逐渐偏聚,虽然调质态下复合材料屈服强度仍继续小幅增加,但塑性严重退化,且淬火态复合材料磨损率增加,耐磨性变差。综合来看,添加0.15%Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒强化Q61复合材料在调质态下具有较高的综合力学性能,而在淬火态下表现出良好的抗摩擦磨损能力。

A Novel Processing Route for Ni-doped Alumina Composites

Alumina-based composites containing 0-15wt% Ni metallic phase were produced by hot press-sintering Ni-coated alumina powders. The Ni-coated alumina powders were prepared by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation of alumina micro-powders and nickel sulfate salt followed by reduction process. The microstructural features and dispersion of Ni phase in Ni-coated alumina powders and the subsequent alumina-Ni cermets were investigated using scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffractometer （XRD）, and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The relative density of the hot press-sintered composites was measured with the Archimedes＇ method while the fracture strength and the fracture toughness were defined with the three-point bending method and the micro-indentation fracture method. In the formation of alumina-Ni cermets from sintered Ni-coated alumina powders, Ni phase to some extent limits the densification rate and stifles the coarsening and growing process of alumina grains. The Ni phase is found to be located at the interfaces and the triple-joint junctions of alumina grains which results into alteration of the fracture mode of alumina and its increased fracture strength and fracture toughness if compared with monolithic alumina.

Effect of graphite contents on friction and wear properties of Ni-Cr-W composites

Ni-based alloy/W/graphite self-lubricating composites with different graphite addition amounts were prepared using PM （powder metallurgy） method. It is found that the addtion of graphite can increase the tensile strength and hardness, while the bending strength decreases. The tribological properties of the composites when rubbing with Al2O3 ceramic disc were investigated in the temperature range of 20600℃. The results show that the tribological properties of the alloy are improved by adding graphite. When the graphite content is up to 9%, the friction coefficient at 600℃ is about 0.2, which is one third of that with no graphite. At elevated temperature, the friction coefficients change a little with velocity and load. At room temperature, graphite extruded from the composite plays the the role of lubrication. The synergistic effect of oxide films and graphite are responsible for the reduction of friction coefficient at high temperature.

激光熔覆WC-Ni/TiC涂层的组织和摩擦磨损性能研究

采用7kW横流CO2激光器，在H13钢表面激光熔覆制备了WC-Ni/TiC涂层。测量了熔覆层的显微硬度，用扫描电镜（SEM）观测熔覆层的显微结构以及磨损形貌并进行分析，对涂层的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明：纳米TiC通过弥散强化和细晶强化，提高了涂层的硬度和韧性，TiC含量为30%（质量分数）时涂层的平均硬度为HV1500。涂层耐磨性能是基体的8-15倍。

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆法制备Y_2O_3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层(英文)

采用激光熔覆法在TC4钛合金表面原位制备Y2O3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层,研究涂层的相组成、微结构、成分分布及性能。结果表明,复合涂层内的微结构和成分在深度方向具有分层现象,这主要是由激光熔覆过程的快速熔凝和冷却过程所致。在激光熔覆过程中,TiC粉末完全熔化并在凝固过程中析出为细小枝晶,这些TiC枝晶的尺寸随着深度的增加而减小,而Y2O3颗粒则分布在整个重熔层中。Y2O3颗粒增强Ni/TiC复合涂层具有较均匀的硬度,其最高值约为HV1380,比基体高4倍以上。由于复合涂层具有高的硬度,钛合金经过激光熔覆后其耐磨性得到大幅度提高。

反应等离子喷涂TiC/Fe-Ni金属陶瓷复合涂层的显微组织

采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备Ti-Fe-Ni-C系粉末,并通过反应等离子喷涂技术(RPS)原位合成并沉积了TiC/Fe-Ni基金属陶瓷复合涂层。利用XRD、SEM和EDS研究复合粉末和涂层的成分、组织结构,考察复合粉末的TiC含量及复合粉末粒度对涂层组织结构的影响。结果表明:采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备的反应喷涂复合粉末粒度均匀、无有害相生成;TiC/Fe-Ni复合涂层由不同含量TiC颗粒分布于晶粒内部而形成的晶内型复合强化片层叠加而成,基体主要为(Fe、Ni)固溶体,TiC颗粒呈纳米级;涂层TiC含量较高时,纳米级TiC颗粒弥散分布更均匀;喷涂粉末粒度较大时,片层厚度较大,孔隙率较高。

激光熔覆TiC颗粒增强Ni-Cr-B-Si-C合金复合涂层的微观组织

用连续波ＣＯ２激光在４５＃钢表面熔覆ＴｉＣ＋ＮｉＣｒＢＳｉＣ复合涂层。微观组织分析表明：在熔覆过程中，ＴｉＣ颗粒表面发生部分溶解，当凝固时，重新外延生长出ＴｉＣ，并固溶基体元素；与纯合金涂层相比，复合涂层中ＴｉＣ颗粒的加入导致基体组织为条状ＣｒＢ相间分布在Ｎｉ固溶体构成的羽毛状簇团组织，并伴有少量的Ｎｉ枝晶间Ｎｉ＋Ｍ２３Ｃ６共晶。

液态反应法制备TiC_p增强铸造Fe-Cr-Ni基复合材料

研究了利用液态反应法制备的TiC颗粒（TiCo）增强铸造Fe-Cr-Ni基复合材料的显微结构和力学性能．该复合材料主要由γ基体和均匀分布的尺寸为1-5μm的球状或多面体状TiCp组成γ／TiCp界面洁净，两相靠近界面的区域内均存在高密度位错（Ti十C）加入量（质量分数）为3％-6％时复合材料的常温和高温拉伸性能比基体合金明显提高，其拉伸断口在800℃时仍能保持韧性断裂特征.

纳米TiC颗粒对Ni-TiC复合镀层组织与性能的影响

采用双脉冲复合电镀技术,在瓦特型镀液中,制备含微-纳米TiC颗粒的Ni基复合镀层。研究镀液中纳米TiC添加量对复合镀层微观形貌、组织结构、硬度、摩擦和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:镀液中添加纳米TiC后,Ni-TiC复合镀层表面出现团聚、致密度降低,复合镀层的组织为Ni和TiC;随镀液中纳米TiC添加量的增加,复合镀层的显微硬度呈先增后降的趋势,而摩擦因数则先降后升;当纳米TiC颗粒添加量为6.0g/L时,复合镀层显微硬度最大,为445HV,摩擦因数较小,为0.22,磨损机制以磨料磨损为主;在900℃,100h氧化条件下抗氧化性能最佳,氧化增重为6.828mg/cm^2,为微米复合镀层的0.5倍。