Microstructural characterization,tribological and corrosion behavior of AA7075-TiC composites

Aluminum alloys are the potential materials in the automobile and aerospace sectors due to their lower density,easy forming and excellent corrosion resistance.The demand of high strength-to-weight ratio materials in structural applications needs the engineering industries to seek aluminum alloy with new versions of hard and brittle ceramic particles.The microstructure,hardness,wear and corrosion behaviors of AA7075 composites with 2.5wt.%and 5wt.%TiC particles were studied.Microscopic analysis is evident that the transformation of the strong dendritic morphology to non-dendritic morphology on the incorporation of TiC into AA7075.Furthermore,the precipitation of the second-phase compounds such as Al_(2)CuMg,Al_(2)Cu andFe-rich Al_6(Cu,Fe)/Al_(7)Cu_(2)Fe)is promoted by TiC particles at inter-and intra-dendritic regions.Accordingly,the hardness of composites is improved by grain boundary strengthening and particulate strengthening mechanisms.Both coefficient of friction and wear rate have an inverse relation with TiC concentration.The base alloy without TiC shows adhesive-type wear-induced deformation due to the formation of an oxide film,while composite samples exhibit a mechanically mixed layer and abrasive-type wear behavior.Composite samples shows a higher corrosion rate due to the presence of numerous precipitates which promote pitting corrosion.

Microstructure,interfacial reaction behavior,and mechanical properties of Ti_3AlC_(2)reinforced Al6061 composites

The interfacial reaction behavior of Al and Ti_3AlC_(2)at different pouring temperatures and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The results show that the addition of3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)refines the average grain size ofα(Al)in the composite by 50.1%compared to Al6061 alloy.Morphological analyses indicate that an in-situ Al_(3Ti)transition layer of-180 nm in thickness is generated around the edge of Ti_3AlC_(2)at 720℃,forming a well-bonded Al-Al_(3Ti)interface.At this processing temperature,the ultimate tensile strength of A16061-3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)composite is 199.2 MPa,an improvement of 41.5%over the Al6061 matrix.Mechanism analyses further elucidate that 720℃is favourable for forming the nano-sized transition layer at the Ti_3AlC_(2)edges.And,the thermal mismatch strengthening plays a dominant role in this state,with a strengthening contribution of about 74.8%.

Comparative Assessment on Microstructure and Properties of in-situ TiC+Ti_(5)Si_(3)Reinforced TiAl-Sn-Zr Matrix Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering and Argon Protected Sintering

The effects of SiC particles(SiCp)on high temperature oxidation behavior of titanium matrix composites(TMCs)under different powder metallurgy processes were investigated.In situ Ti C+Ti_(5)Si_(3)reinforced titanium matrix composites were prepared by discharge plasma sintering(SPS)and argon protective sintering(APS).The results show that the two processes have a negligible effect on the composition and hardness of the samples,but the hardness of the two samples is significantly improved by adding SiCp.The apparent porosity of SPS process is obviously smaller than that of APS process,whereas,the apparent porosity increases slightly with the addition of SiCp.The oxide layer thickness and mass gain of the samples obtained by SPS process are smaller than those obtained by APS process.The oxide thickness and mass gain of both processes are further reduced by adding SiCp.The SPS composites showed the best high temperature oxidation resistance.Therefore,TMCs with Si Cp by SPS can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation behavior of the materials.

纳米TiC浓度对双脉冲电沉积Ni-TiC复合镀层结构及性能的影响

研究了镀液中纳米TiC的添加量对双脉冲电沉积Ni-TiC复合镀层结构及性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对镀层的表面形貌和物相进行了表征,并研究了镀层的表面粗糙度、显微硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:当镀液中TiC浓度较低时,复合镀层表现为类似于纯Ni镀层的胞状沉积结构。当镀液中TiC浓度较高时,复合镀层表现为菜花状沉积结构。当纳米TiC浓度为8 g/L时,镀层表面致密性相对较高,Ni的衍射峰有明显的宽化现象。随着镀液中纳米TiC浓度的升高,复合镀层的磨损质量损失比表现为先下降后上升的趋势,当TiC浓度为8 g/L时,磨损质量损失比最小,为5.436%。当镀液中纳米TiC浓度为8 g/L时,镀层的自腐蚀电流密度最小,极化电阻值最大。结果表明双向脉冲电沉积制备Ni-TiC复合镀层镀液中最佳纳米TiC浓度为8 g/L。

Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

Tribological properties of Ni-base alloy composite coating modified by both graphite and TiC particles

In order to reduce the friction coefficient of Ni-base alloy coating and further improve its wear resistance,Ni-base alloy composite coatings modified by both graphite and TiC particles were prepared by plasma spray technology on the surface of 45 carbon steel.The results show that friction coefficient of the composite coating is 47.45% lower than that of the Ni-base alloy coating,and the wear mass loss is reduced by 59.1%.Slip lines and severe adhesive plastic deformation are observed on the worn surface of the Ni-base alloy coating,indicating that the wear mechanisms of the Ni-base alloy coating are multi-plastic deformation wear and adhesive wear.A soft transferred layer abundant in graphite and ferric oxide is developed on the worn surface of the composite coating,which reduces the friction coefficient and wear loss in a great deal.The main wear mechanism of the composite coating is fatigue delamination of the transferred layer.

Tribological behavior and mechanisms of graphite/CaF_2/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coatings

In order to reduce the friction coefficients and improve the wear resistance of mechanical parts, which work in the severe friction and wear conditions at heavy loads, the graphite/CaFg/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coatings were prepared by plasma spray and their tribological behavior and mechanisms were investigated. The results show that the friction coefficients of the composite coatings are in the range of 0.22-0.288, which are reduced by 25.9% to 53% compared with those of the pure Ni-base alloy coatings, and the wear rates of the former are 18.6%-70.1% less than those of the latter. When wear against GCr15 steel balls, a transferred layer mainly composed of ferric oxides, graphite and CaF2 may gradually develop on the worn surface of the composite coatings, which made the friction and wear between GCr15 steel ball and the composite coatings change into that between the former and the transferred layer. So the friction coefficients and the wear lubrication effect of the transferred layer. The main wear layer in friction process. rates of the composite coatings are greatly reduced because of the solid mechanism of the composite coatings is delamination of the transferred

Effects of graphite content on microstructure and tribological properties of graphite/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coatings

In order to reduce the friction coefficients and further improve the anti-wear properties of Ni-base alloy coatings reinforced by TiC particles,graphite/TiC/Ni-base alloy（GTN） coatings were prepared on the surface of 45 carbon steel.The effects of graphite content on the microstructure and tribological properties of the GTN coatings were investigated.The results show that the addition of graphite to the GTN coatings may greatly reduce the friction coefficients and improve their wear resistance.The 6.56GTN and 12.71GTN coatings exhibit excellent integrated properties of anti-friction and wear resistance under low and high loads,respectively.Under a low load,the wear mechanisms of the GTN coatings are mainly multi-plastic deformation with slight abrasive wear and gradually change into mixture of multi-plastic deformation,delamination and micro-cutting wear with the increase of graphite fraction.As the load increases,the main wear mechanisms gradually change from micro-cracks,micro-cutting and adhesive wear to micro-cutting and micro-fracture with the increase of graphite fraction.

Tribological properties and wear prediction model of TiC particles reinforced Ni-base alloy composite coatings

TiC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coatings were prepared on 7005 aluminum alloy by plasma spray. The effects of load, speed and temperature on the tribological behavior and mechanisms of the composite coatings under dry friction were researched. The wear prediction model of the composite coatings was established based on the least square support vector machine (LS-SVM). The results show that the composite coatings exhibit smaller friction coefficients and wear losses than the Ni-based alloy coatings under different friction conditions. The predicting time of the LS-SVM model is only 12.93%of that of the BP-ANN model, and the predicting accuracies on friction coefficients and wear losses of the former are increased by 58.74%and 41.87%compared with the latter. The LS-SVM model can effectively predict the tribological behavior of the TiCP/Ni-base alloy composite coatings under dry friction.

激光增材制备Ti-6Al-4V/TiC金属陶瓷熔覆层组织与性能强化

Ti-6Al-4V合金因具有良好的强度、塑性、韧性、耐蚀性以及可焊性,在航空航天以及化工装备制造领域具有广泛应用,但其硬度以及耐磨性不高等性能短板,一定程度上限制了其摩擦磨损工况下的服役寿命。本研究基于激光熔覆优化工艺方法,增材制备具有TiC添加相的Ti-6Al-4V合金同质金属陶瓷熔覆层,表征并验证TiC增强相对熔覆层组织以及基本力学性能的强化作用。结果表明:熔覆层主要物相包括α-Ti,β-Ti以及TiC,其中TiC在熔覆层内过饱和析出,且受熔覆层不同位置过冷度差异影响,析出的TiC在熔覆层顶部以细小的颗粒状为主,而在熔覆层中部则主要呈树枝及花瓣状析出,熔覆层底部新增了麦穗状的析出形状,而稀释区则未见明显TiC析出。熔覆层平均显微硬度为530HV0.5,较基体提升了61%;在35 N载荷下,熔覆层平均摩擦因数为0.3583,较基体降低了11%,体积磨损率约为基材的87%,磨损形式为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。

烧结温度对(Ti_(5)Si_(3)+TiC+TiB)/Ti复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

为了获得性能优异的钛基复合材料和解决单一增强相对性能提升有限等问题,以Ti粉、SiC粉、TiB_(2)粉、C粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法,在不同烧结温度下原位自生制备了(Ti_(5)Si_(3)+TiC+TiB)/Ti复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、万能试验机等设备表征了复合材料的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:随烧结温度的升高,复合材料的致密度提高,平均晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;烧结温度的升高使增强相数量增加的同时减少了较低烧结温度下的团聚现象。复合材料的洛氏硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度随烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,断裂应变下降不显著。在1300℃下,(Ti_(5)Si_(3)+TiC+TiB)/Ti具有最佳的综合力学性能,烧结态试样的抗压强度达到最高2435 MPa,屈服强度1649 MPa,洛氏硬度49.1HRC,断裂应变28.7%。分析可知,微米尺寸的TiC、TiB和亚微米尺寸的Ti_(5)Si_(3)增强相的协同作用在显著提高复合材料强度的同时也保持了一定的塑性。(Ti_(5)Si_(3)+TiC+TiB)/Ti复合材料的增强方式以细晶强化、弥散强化和载荷传递强化为主。

电弧增材制造纳米TiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织与性能研究

在金属材料中引入第二相粒子是提高金属材料力学性能的重要手段之一。本文提出一种Al6061铝箔包裹TiC和Al6061的混合粉末形成一种特殊填料焊丝的TiC/Al6061复合材料电弧增材制造的新方法,并分别研究质量分数为1%、2%和3%的TiC颗粒对制备的铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响。结果表明,TiC质量分数为3%的复合材料与基体材料相比,试样的平均晶粒尺寸由45.5μm减小到25.3μm,细化了44.4%;抗拉强度和屈服强度由148.5 MPa和118.0 MPa提升到178.1 MPa和157.3 MPa,分别提升了19.9%和33.3%;平均显微硬度由50.5HV增加至65.2HV,提升了29.1%。理论结合及试验分析表明,TiC的载荷传递强化和晶粒细化以及Orowan强化机制,是材料力学性能提高的主要原因。

Effect of HEA/Al composite interlayer on microstructure and mechanical property of Ti/Mg bimetal composite by solid-liquid compound casting

In this study,HEA/AI composite interlayer was used to fabricate Ti/Mg bimetal composites by solidliquid compound casting process.The Al layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy by hot dipping,and the FeCoNiCr HEA layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering onto the Al layer.The influence of the HEA layer thickness and pouring temperature on interface evolution was investigated based on SEM observation and thermodynamic analysis.Results indicate that the sluggish diffusion effect of HEA can effectively inhibit the interfacial diffusion between Al and Mg,which is conducive to the formation of solid solution,especially when the thickness of HEA is 800 nm.With the increase of casting temperature from 720 ℃ to 730 ℃,740℃,and 750 ℃,α-Al(Mg),α-Al(Mg)+Al3Mg2,Al3Mg2+Al12Mg17,and Al12Mg17+δ-Mg are formed at the interface of Ti/Mg bimetal,respectively.When the thickness of the HEA layer is 800 nm and the pouring temperature is 720 ℃,the bonding strength of the Ti/Mg bimetal can reach the maximum of 93.6 MPa.

热爆反应在金刚石表面快速形成TiC涂层

分别采用Ti/碳黑/diamond和Ti/碳黑/PTFE/diamond粉体为原料,通过热爆反应在金刚石颗粒表面形成以TiC为主的涂层,研究原料中金刚石含量及添加PTFE对金刚石表面TiC涂层的影响。结果表明:2种体系的原料热爆反应后基体的组成为TiC。Ti/碳黑/diamond体系中,当原料中金刚石质量分数为10%~30%时,反应后的金刚石表面均实现良好的TiC涂层涂覆。在Ti/碳黑/PTFE/diamond体系中,当原料中添加质量分数为3%的PTFE并减少原料中碳黑的质量分数时,可明显促进金刚石表面的TiC涂覆;且当原料中金刚石质量分数为80%~90%时,仍可使金刚石颗粒表面实现良好的TiC涂覆。

TiC含量对TiC/Ni复合涂层组织、硬度及耐蚀性的影响

为了提高价格低廉的45钢的零件在苛刻环境中的使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在其表面制备了不同TiC含量的TiC/Ni熔覆层,采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计和电化学工作站等分析了涂层的组织、硬度及耐蚀性。结果表明:Ni35熔覆层枝晶为富含Fe、Ni的γ-Ni固溶体,晶间为γ-Ni固溶体和富含B、C的M_(23)C_(6)、Cr_(2)B组成的共晶体,熔覆层从底层到上层依次为平面晶、胞状晶、柱状晶、柱状树枝晶、等轴晶和细等轴晶,枝晶中的Cr元素随着距熔覆层底部距离的增加出现富集。添加10%和20%TiC的熔覆层下层为粗大的柱状晶和柱状树枝晶,中层和上层为等轴晶,TiC以块状和四边形的形态分布于枝晶间。添加30%TiC的熔覆层分布有块状、杆状、粒状、鱼骨状和花瓣状的TiC,枝晶为细小的等轴晶。不同TiC含量的熔覆层硬度均呈现下层和上层硬度高,中层硬度低的现象。含10%TiC的熔覆层平均硬度最低,含30%TiC的平均硬度最高。未添加TiC的Ni35熔覆层腐蚀电流密度最小,钝化膜稳定性最好,耐蚀性最优,添加TiC后熔覆层的耐蚀性下降,但随着TiC含量的升高,熔覆层耐蚀性逐渐升高。

FeCrB-TiC抗磨复合材料干摩擦学性能研究

采用粉末冶金技术设计制备了质量分数4%TiC强化的FeCrB基抗磨复合材料,与GCr15钢球配副进行往复式干摩擦实验,系统研究滑动速度和载荷对复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能的影响。使用X射线衍射(X-Ray Diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)等技术分析了复合材料的物相成分和微观形貌。实验结果表明:复合材料物相为α-Fe、FeCr、TiC、Cr_(2)B和Fe_(2)B相。TiC的加入显著提高了材料的硬度,密度略有下降。随着滑动速度和载荷的增大,摩擦因数总体下降而磨损率显著增加。TiC对铁基体的钉扎作用抑制了材料的剥落和变形,材料的抗磨性能显著提高。综合分析,TiC能有效提升FeCrB合金的干摩擦学性能,其磨损机制主要是剥层磨损和磨粒磨损。

反应等离子喷涂TiC-SiC复合涂层及其热稳定性

具有强共价键结合的碳化物和硅化物是高温防护涂层重要的候选材料,但单相材料通常难以达到良好的综合性能。为提高单相TiC陶瓷的高温性能,本文以Ti、石墨粉及SiC为原料,采用反应等离子喷涂制备了TiC-SiC复合涂层,利用XRD和SEM对涂层物相组成、结构及形貌进行了研究,并对比分析了涂层的显微硬度及其Weibull分布特点。研究表明:Ti粉与石墨粉间发生反应合成TiC,沉积涂层以TiC、SiC为主相;Ti-C-5wt.%SiC制备涂层的平均显微硬度(1070.8HV0.2)略低于Ti-C-20wt.%SiC制备的涂层(1127HV0.2),但其硬度分散性系数β和相关系数R均高于Ti-C-20wt.%SiC复合粉制备的涂层,这源于Ti-C-5wt.%SiC制备涂层相对均匀的显微结构。另外,900~1100℃热冲击性能及1000℃氧化性能的测试结果表明,Ti-C-5wt.%SiC制备的涂层具有更为优异的抗热冲击性和抗氧化性,这是由于该涂层具有较高的致密性,极大延缓了氧气进入涂层的时间。

Laser induced TiC particle reinforced composite layer on Ti6Al4V and their microstructural characteristics

An in situ synthesized TiC particle reinforced composite layer on Ti6Al4V were fabricated by laser induced reaction of the pre placed mixed powders of Ti and Cr 3C 2. The microstructure of the composite layer was strongly related to the composition of original powders and also the laser processing parameters. Under certain processing parameters, the matrix of the composite layer was transferred from dual α + β to single phase β with increasing Cr 3C 2 content in the original powder mixture. The TiC particles were fine and uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Furthermore, the fine TiC particles show excellent compatibility with the matrix, thus offering good wear performance.

Thermal shock fatigue behavior of TiC/Al_2O_3 composite ceramics

The thermal shock fatigue behaviors of pure hot-pressed alumina and 30 wt.% TiC/Al2O3 composites were studied. The effect of TiC and Al2O3 starting particle size on the mechanical properties of the composites was discussed. Indentation-quench test was conducted to evaluate the effect of thermal fatigue temperature difference （ΔT） and number of thermal cycles （Ⅳ） on fatigue crack growth （Δa）. The mechanical properties and thermal fatigue resistance of TiC/Al203 composites are remarkably improved by the addition of TiC. The thermal shock fatigue of monolithic alumina and TiC/Al2O3 composites is due to a ＂true＂ cycling effect （thermal fatigue）. Crack deflection and bridging are the predominant reasons for the improvement of thermal shock fatigue resistance of the composites.

INTERFACE REACTION OF TiC_p-REINFORCED Ti-MATRIX COMPOSITE

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