Mold flux serves the crucial metallurgical function of absorbing inclusions, directly impacting the smoothness of the casting process as well as the cast slab quality. In this study, the dissolution behavior and mecha...Mold flux serves the crucial metallurgical function of absorbing inclusions, directly impacting the smoothness of the casting process as well as the cast slab quality. In this study, the dissolution behavior and mechanism of Ti O_(2)and Ti N inclusions in molten Ca O–Si O_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)-based fluorine-free mold flux were explored by in situ single hot thermocouple technology combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results showed that Ti O_(2) inclusions are effectively dissolved by the molten slag within 76 s, during which the original octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures are destroyed and convert to the networker tetrahedral [Ti O_(4)]^(4-)structures. However, the dissolution rate is much lower for Ti N inclusions than for Ti O_(2)inclusions. This can be attributed to the fact that the Ti N particles need to be oxidized and then dissolved in the molten slag to form tetrahedral [Ti O4]4-and octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures during the Ti N inclusion dissolution process, which is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of N_(2)gas. Moreover, Ca Ti O_(3)crystals tend to nucleate and grow on bubble surfaces with sufficient octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures and Ca^(2+)ions, eventually resulting in the molten slag being in a solid–liquid mixed state.展开更多
The law of element segregation of Ti, N, Mn and S, and the sequence of selective precipitation of TiN and MnS inclusions during solidification of molten steel of SWRH82 A are studied on the basis of thermodynamics. Th...The law of element segregation of Ti, N, Mn and S, and the sequence of selective precipitation of TiN and MnS inclusions during solidification of molten steel of SWRH82 A are studied on the basis of thermodynamics. The origin of large TiN inclusions which affect the titanium inclusions point penalty in SWRH82 A wire rod is analyzed based on the research on the distribution characteristics of MnS and large size of TiN inclusions observed on metallographic specimen of SWRH82 A steel wire rod. The solidification segregation ratio of Ti is far more than that of N, and the solidification segregation ratio of S is far more than that of Mn. In the range of cooling rate of the continuous casting production, the cooling rate of solidification has little effect on the segregation ratios of Ti, N, Mn and S. MnS inclusions will precipitate earlier than TiN inclusions during solidification of the molten steel of SWRH82 A. The large TiN inclusion which is wrapped by MnS in the SWRH82 A wire rod may be foreign inclusions and it is not precipitated product during solidification in the molten steel of SWRH82 A.展开更多
Toughness is an important property for steels used in engineering applications. However, recent toughness testing has shown the existence of a significant fluctuation in toughness in a single rolled plate of titanium ...Toughness is an important property for steels used in engineering applications. However, recent toughness testing has shown the existence of a significant fluctuation in toughness in a single rolled plate of titanium micro-alloyed steel. The underlying causes of this fluctuation were investigated by fractography, analysis of microstructure and measurement of inclusions. Coarse and distributed TiN inclusions were responsible for the toughness variation, as they tended to act as the potential cleavage initiators to form micro-cracks. From a calculation of the local fracture stress, the critical size of coarse TiN inclusions for dominating micro-crack propagation was 4.93 μm, and similarly that of ferrite grains was 36.6μm. Under current casting and thermo-mechanically controlled processing schedules, the toughness fluctuation of rolled steel plates can be primarily attributed to the fraction of coarse TiN inclusions larger than 5μm. A corresponding relationship between impact energy and the proportion of coarse TiN inclusions was established. Finally, a normalizing treatment was applied to refine the ferrite grains of rolled steel plates. Despite the presence of coarse TiN inclusions, this refinement in ferrite grains minimized the toughness fluctuation and improved the uniformity of the impact properties of the steel plates.展开更多
TiN inchusions are the major inclusions in Ti-stabilized stainless steels.The quantity and dis- tribution of the TiN inclusions depend on the casting process closely.TiN inclusions in molten steel can float up and gro...TiN inchusions are the major inclusions in Ti-stabilized stainless steels.The quantity and dis- tribution of the TiN inclusions depend on the casting process closely.TiN inclusions in molten steel can float up and grow up gradually during huoying.The sequence of the formation of in- clusions in the steel is oxides,nitrides and sulphides.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20220357)the National Science Foundation of China (No.52130408)。
文摘Mold flux serves the crucial metallurgical function of absorbing inclusions, directly impacting the smoothness of the casting process as well as the cast slab quality. In this study, the dissolution behavior and mechanism of Ti O_(2)and Ti N inclusions in molten Ca O–Si O_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)-based fluorine-free mold flux were explored by in situ single hot thermocouple technology combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results showed that Ti O_(2) inclusions are effectively dissolved by the molten slag within 76 s, during which the original octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures are destroyed and convert to the networker tetrahedral [Ti O_(4)]^(4-)structures. However, the dissolution rate is much lower for Ti N inclusions than for Ti O_(2)inclusions. This can be attributed to the fact that the Ti N particles need to be oxidized and then dissolved in the molten slag to form tetrahedral [Ti O4]4-and octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures during the Ti N inclusion dissolution process, which is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of N_(2)gas. Moreover, Ca Ti O_(3)crystals tend to nucleate and grow on bubble surfaces with sufficient octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures and Ca^(2+)ions, eventually resulting in the molten slag being in a solid–liquid mixed state.
基金support from the Science Research Plan (201210321098) of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau
文摘The law of element segregation of Ti, N, Mn and S, and the sequence of selective precipitation of TiN and MnS inclusions during solidification of molten steel of SWRH82 A are studied on the basis of thermodynamics. The origin of large TiN inclusions which affect the titanium inclusions point penalty in SWRH82 A wire rod is analyzed based on the research on the distribution characteristics of MnS and large size of TiN inclusions observed on metallographic specimen of SWRH82 A steel wire rod. The solidification segregation ratio of Ti is far more than that of N, and the solidification segregation ratio of S is far more than that of Mn. In the range of cooling rate of the continuous casting production, the cooling rate of solidification has little effect on the segregation ratios of Ti, N, Mn and S. MnS inclusions will precipitate earlier than TiN inclusions during solidification of the molten steel of SWRH82 A. The large TiN inclusion which is wrapped by MnS in the SWRH82 A wire rod may be foreign inclusions and it is not precipitated product during solidification in the molten steel of SWRH82 A.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC, Grant Nos. 51374260, 51504048 and 51611130062）. The authors thank the members of Laboratory of Metallurgy and Materials, Chongqing University, for the support of this work.
文摘Toughness is an important property for steels used in engineering applications. However, recent toughness testing has shown the existence of a significant fluctuation in toughness in a single rolled plate of titanium micro-alloyed steel. The underlying causes of this fluctuation were investigated by fractography, analysis of microstructure and measurement of inclusions. Coarse and distributed TiN inclusions were responsible for the toughness variation, as they tended to act as the potential cleavage initiators to form micro-cracks. From a calculation of the local fracture stress, the critical size of coarse TiN inclusions for dominating micro-crack propagation was 4.93 μm, and similarly that of ferrite grains was 36.6μm. Under current casting and thermo-mechanically controlled processing schedules, the toughness fluctuation of rolled steel plates can be primarily attributed to the fraction of coarse TiN inclusions larger than 5μm. A corresponding relationship between impact energy and the proportion of coarse TiN inclusions was established. Finally, a normalizing treatment was applied to refine the ferrite grains of rolled steel plates. Despite the presence of coarse TiN inclusions, this refinement in ferrite grains minimized the toughness fluctuation and improved the uniformity of the impact properties of the steel plates.
文摘TiN inchusions are the major inclusions in Ti-stabilized stainless steels.The quantity and dis- tribution of the TiN inclusions depend on the casting process closely.TiN inclusions in molten steel can float up and grow up gradually during huoying.The sequence of the formation of in- clusions in the steel is oxides,nitrides and sulphides.
