Comparative investigation of microstructure and high-temperature oxidation resistance of high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed CoNiCrAlY/nano-Al_(2)O_(3) composite coatings using satellited powders

Satellited CoNiCrAlY–Al_(2)O_(3)feedstocks with 2wt%, 4wt%, and 6wt% oxide nanoparticles and pure CoNiCrAlY powder were deposited by the high-velocity oxy fuel process on an Inconel738 superalloy substrate. The oxidation test was performed at 1050℃ for 5, 50, 100,150, 200, and 400 h. The microstructure and phase composition of powders and coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The bonding strength of the coatings was also evaluated. The results proved that with the increase in the percentage of nanoparticles(from 2wt% to 6wt%), the amount of porosity(from 1vol% to 4.7vol%), unmelted particles, and roughness of the coatings(from 4.8 to 8.8 μm) increased, and the bonding strength decreased from 71 to 48 MPa. The thicknesses of the thermally grown oxide layer of pure and composite coatings(2wt%, 4wt%, and 6wt%) after 400 h oxidation were measured as 6.5, 5.5, 7.6, and 8.1 μm, respectively.The CoNiCrAlY–2wt% Al_(2)O_(3)coating showed the highest oxidation resistance due to the diffusion barrier effect of well-dispersed nanoparticles. The CoNiCrAlY–6wt% Al_(2)O_(3)coating had the lowest oxidation resistance due to its rough surface morphology and porous microstructure.

Preparation and tribological performance of electrodeposited Ni-TiB_2-Dy_2O_3 composite coatings

TiB2 and Dy2O3 were used as codeposited particles in the preparation of Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings to improve its performance. Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method with a nickel cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hexadecylpyridinium bromide solution containing TiB2 and Dy2O3 particles. The content of codeposited TiB2 and Dy2O3 in the composite coatings was controlled by adding TiB2 and Dy2O3 particles of different concentrations into the solution, respectively. The effects of TiB2 and Dy2O3 content on microhardness, wear mass loss and friction coefficients of composite coatings were investigated. The composite coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer （ICP-AES） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） techniques. Ni-TiBE-Dy2O3 composite coatings showed higher microhardness, lower wear mass loss and friction coefficient compared with those of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2 composite coatings. The wear mass loss of Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings was 9 and 1.57 times lower than that of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2 composite coatings, respectively. The friction coefficient of pure Ni coating, Ni-TiB2 and Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings were 0.723, 0.815 and 0.619, respectively. Ni-TiBE-Dy2O3 composite coatings displayed the least friction coefficient among the three coatings. Dy2O3 particles in composite coatings might serve as a solid lubricant between contact surfaces to decrease the friction coefficient and abate the wear of the composite coatings. The loading-bearing capacity and the wear-reducing effect of the Dy2O3 particles were closely related to the content of Dy2O3 particles in the composite coatings.

Influence of current density on nano-Al_2O_3/Ni+Co bionic gradient composite coatings by electrodeposition

Metal and nano-ceramic nanocomposite coatings were prepared on the gray cast iron surface by the electrodeposition method. The Ni-Co was used as the metal matrix,and nano-Al2O3 was chosen as the second-phase particulates. To avoid poor inter-face bonding and stress distribution,the gradient structure of biology materials was found as the model and therefore the gradient composite coating was prepared. The morphology of the composite coatings was flatter and the microstructure was denser than that of pure Ni-Co coatings. The composite coatings were prepared by different current densities,and the 2-D and 3-D morphologies of the surface coatings were observed. The result indicated that the 2-D structure became rougher and the 3-D surface density of apices became less when the current density was increased. The content of nanoparticulates reached a maximum value at the current density of 40mA·cm^-2,at the same time the properties including microhardness and wear-resistance were analyzed. The microhardness reached a maximum value and the wear volume was also less at the current density of 40mA·cm^-2. The reason was that nano-Al2O3 particles caused dispersive strengthening and grain refining.

Laser Cladding Al-Si/Al_2O_3-TiO_2 Composite Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

To improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser was used to investigate the laser surface cladding on AZ31 B magnesium alloys with Al-Si/Al2O3-TiO2 composite powders. A detailed microstructure, chemical composition, and phase analysis of the composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The laser cladding shows good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The composite coatings are composed of Mgl7Al12, Al3Mg2, Mg2Si, Al2O3, and TiO2 phases. Compared to the average microhardness （50HV0.05） of the AZ3 1 B substrate, that of the composite coatings （230HV0.05） is improved significantly. The wear resistances of the surface layers were evaluated in detail. The results demonstrate that the wear resistances of the laser surface-modified samples are considerably improved compared to the substrate. It also show that the composite coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of the substrate in 3.5wt% NaCI solution.

Parameter optimization for plasma-sprayed Al2O3p/Al composite coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Al2O3p/Al composite coatings were prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy by plasma spraying technology with mixed powders of Al and Al2O3. An orthogonal test containing six factors and five levels was carried out to acquire the optimum technical parameters. Mierostruetures and properties of the composite coatings were studied. The results show that the coatings consist of Al2O3 particulates distributed uniformly and Al matrix, and the interface between the particulate and matrix is continuous, compact and clean. With increasing the mass fraction of Al2O3 in the mixed powders, the volume fraction of Al2O3 in the coatings iacreases. The Al2O3p/Al composite coating with 14% Al2O3 volume fraction has more compact microstrueture and more satisfactory properties.

Photocatalytic energy storage ability of TiO_2-WO_3 composite prepared by wet-chemical technique

TiO2-WO3 hybrid photocatalysts were prepared using wet-chemical technique, and their energy storage performance was characterized by electrochemical galvanostatic method. TiO2 powder was coupled with WO3 powder, which was used as electron pool and the reductive energy could be stored in. As a result, the prepared TiO2-WO3 had good energy storage ability while pure TiO2 showed no capacity and pure WO3 showed quite low performance. The energy storage ability was affected by the crystal structure of WO3 and calcination temperature. The photocatalyst had better capacity when WO3 had low degree of crystallinity, since its loose structure made it easier for electrons and cations to pass through. The photocatalytic energy storage performance was also affected by the molar ratio of TiO2 to WO3. Energy storage capacity was significantly dependent on the composition, reaching the maximum value at TiO2/WO3 1：1 （mol/mol）.

Abrasive wear characteristics and mechanisms of Al_2O_3/PA1010 composite coatings

The abrasive wear characteristics of Al_2O_3/PA1010 composite coatings on thesurface of quenched and low-temperature temper steel 45 were tested on the template abrasive weartesting machine and the same uncoated steel 45 was used as a reference material. Experimentalresults showed that the abrasive wear resistance of Al_2O_3/PA1010 composite coatings has a goodlinear relationship with the volume fraction of Al_2O_3 particles in Al_2O_3/PA1010 compositecoatings, and the linear correlative coefficient is 0.979. Under the experimental conditions, thesize of Al_2O_3 particles (40.5-161.0 μm) has little influence on the abrasive wear resistance ofAl_2O_3/PA1010 composite coatings. By treating the surface of Al_2O_3 particles with a suitablebonding agent, the distribution of Al_2O_3 particles in matrix PA1010 is more homogeneous and thebonding state between Al_2O_3 particles and matrix PA1010 is better. Therefore, the Al_2O_3particles in Al_2O_3/PA1010 composite coatings make the Al_2O_3/PA1010 composite coatings havebetter abrasive wear resistance than PA1010 coatings. The wear resistance of Al_2O_3/PA1010composite coatings is about 45% compared with that of steel 45.

Effect of Al_2O_3on Structure and Wearability of Composite Coating

The composite coating was prepared by thermal spray welding after making composite powder,which is composed of Ni-based self-melted alloy and AlOceramic powder including nano,sub-micron and micron powders.The influences of contents and sizes of AlOon the structure and wearability were investigated.The results show that the wear resistance of the coating would be increased greatly by adding AlO,but the spray weldability decreases with increasing AlOcontent.So there is an optimal content of AlOpowder.The composite coating with AlOnano or sub-micron powder of 0.5% has the best abrasive resistance,while the optimal content of AlOmicron powder is 1 %.

Corrosion Behavior of Electrodepositing Ni/Al_2O_3 Composite Coatings under the Presence of NaCl Deposit

The morphology and corrosion behavior of Ni/Al2O3 composite coatings prepared using double-pulsed electrodepositing technique after oxidized under 800 ℃ NaCl deposit in air environment were analyzed by scanning electrical microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectrum(EDS). The results showed that the corrosion of all composite coatings was accelerated under NaCl deposits, and the corrosion products were rather porous with poor adherence to the matrix. Al2O3 particles in the coatings can refine the grain size and improve the high temperature corrosion resistance of the coatings. Within the test scope, the more Al2O3 particles in the coatings, the lower corrosion rates could be obtained, and the corrosion mechanism was also discussed.

A study on reactive braze coating of (TiC+Cr_3C_2)/Fe composite coatings

A new hardfacing process, reactive braze coating process (RBCC) was studied, and (TiC+Cr_3C_2)/Fe composite coatings were prepared by RBCC using carbon, Cr_3C_2, iron, ferrochromium and titanium powder as the raw materials in vacuum braze furnace. The results show that TiC is in-situ synthesized in the coatings. The methods of introducing Cr_3C_2 have great effects on the distribution of TiC. Adding Cr_3C_2 directly to the raw materials for coatings, fine TiC particles aggregate into discoids parallel to the coating surface, whereas, in-situ synthesizing Cr_3C_2 in coatings, the aggregations of TiC are lumpish. During braze coating, Cr_3C_2 particles directly added dissolve and precipitate to become needle-shaped. The coatings have an even and smooth surface and are combined with their mild steel substrates by a metallurgical bonding.

纳米负载型V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂碱中毒及再生研究

实验制备了陶瓷颗粒为骨架的纳米级V2O5-WO3/TiO2(C)催化剂。采用浸渍法模拟碱金属中毒,研究了中毒及再生对催化剂脱硝活性的影响,运用XRD、FT-IR、H2-TPR、XPS技术表征分析了碱金属对催化剂的失活作用。实验表明,碱金属能使催化剂活性降低,钾的毒性大于钠。FT-IR结果显示,催化剂以Lewis酸作为活性酸位。H2-TPR、XPS结果表明,钾的加入降低了催化剂的氧化能力,主要影响了催化剂表面的吸附氧。采用单纯的水洗方法并不能提高催化剂活性,而酸洗再生后催化剂在较高反应温度下活性得到较好的恢复。

K2O对V2O5-WO3／TiO2催化剂的中毒作用

实验室制备了V2O5-WO3/TiO2的脱硝催化剂,采用模拟中毒法,在此催化剂上负载碱金属氧化物K2O,通过BET,XRD,SEM等方法对微观结构进行表征.在SCR活性试验台上研究不同含量K2O对催化剂脱硝活性,N2O生成率和SO2氧化率的影响.结果发现:K2O对于催化剂的毒性较强,随着添加量的增大,NO脱除率急剧下降,SO2的氧化率大大提高;较大含量的K2O(nK/nV=1,摩尔比)使催化剂比表面积有所减少,催化剂颗粒发生轻微团聚,微观结构变化不大,但NO的脱除率小于50%(380℃),N2O的生成率和SO2的氧化率均增加;K2O通过与V2O5的活性酸性位结合,使催化剂中有效活性位数量大为降低,导致脱硝活性下降.

蜂窝状V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂脱硝性能研究

实验室制备了蜂窝状V2O5-WO3／TiO2的脱硝催化剂，通过BET、XRD、SEM等方法对微观结构进行表征。在自制SCR活性试验台上测试各种运行工况（温度、空速比等）和烟气组成（[NH3]／[NO]、水蒸气等）对催化剂的脱硝活性、选择性、SO，的氧化率和氨逃逸量的影响。研究结果表明，自制蜂窝状催化剂在空速比小于3500h^-1、NH3／NO在0．9-1．0、温度320-420℃范围内的NO脱除率较高、SO2氧化率和氨逃逸量较低，基本达到工业应用的要求；低含量（低于2％）水蒸气可以提高高温段NO脱除率，而高含量的水蒸气对催化剂NO脱除具有明显的抑制作用，但水蒸气的加入会使NO脱除温度范围拓宽；由于催化剂自身含有较多的硫酸盐，未观察到SO2对脱硝反应有促进作用。

V2O5-WO3/TiO2烟气脱硝催化剂的载体选择

在选择性催化还原试验台上对4种不同TiO2为载体制备的催化剂的脱硝性能进行测试,采用BET、X射线衍射、傅里叶转换红外光谱、扫描电镜-能谱分析、X射线荧光分析和热重分析等技术进行微观表征,并与商业催化剂进行对比。以硫酸法制备的纳米级锐钛型TiO2适合作为选择性催化还原催化剂载体,制备的催化剂脱硝效率高,温度窗口宽,选择性好,其中硫酸盐质量分数为8%～10%时最为有利;以氯化法制备纳米TiO2过程中,生成了V3Ti6O17的聚合物导致NO脱除率较低,因此不适合作为催化剂载体。以工业级TiO2为载体制备的催化剂氨氮比为1.0时,在355～420℃的温度范围内NO脱除率为80%～85%,但由于成本很低,因此可以用于脱硝要求不高的场合。由钛酸丁酯溶胶法制备TiO2为载体制备的SCR催化剂性能不及硫酸法制备的纳米级锐钛型TiO2制备的催化剂,且操作复杂,技术难度大,不适宜推广。

钒和钨负载量对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2表面形态及催化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同钒和钨负载量的V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂样品,对样品NH3选择性催化还原NO性能进行了评价,并用BET、XRD、XPS等手段对催化剂样品的表面形态进行了表征.研究发现,钒的负载量对催化剂的比表面积和催化活性有显著影响,当钒负载量从1%升高到8%时,催化剂比表面积下降了16 m2/g,最高活性温度降低了约100℃.钨起到稳定剂和助剂的双重作用,当钒负载量为1%时,钨负载量从0升高到6%,催化剂比表面积仅下降了3 m2/g,而活性温度窗口向高温和低温各拓宽了约50℃.研究表明钒和钨负载量都能影响催化剂表面的VOx物种,但对催化剂的表面晶型没有明显影响.

静电纺丝法制备TiO_2-WO_3纳米纤维及光催化脱汞的研究

采用静电纺丝法成功制备了TiO2-WO3纳米纤维,利用X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(ultraviolet-visible,UV-Vis)及比表面积及孔径分析仪(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller,BET)对其进行表征。使用制备的纤维脱除模拟烟气中的元素汞,研究了TiO2-WO3分别在无光、紫外光和可见光下的脱汞率;考察了WO3的最佳掺杂比;并分析了TiO2-WO3光催化脱汞的机制。结果表明TiO2-WO3纤维中TiO2以锐钛矿相形态存在,纤维的直径约为200nm;当WO3的掺杂含量为7%时,TiO2-WO3在紫外光下的汞脱除率可达到100%;TiO2-WO3脱汞效率的稳定性好,在420 min时紫外光下的脱汞率仍保持在100%。表面酸性和有效的电荷转移是TiO2-WO3纳米纤维光催化活性提高的主要原因。

商业V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂SCR脱硝过程中PM_(2.5)的排放特性及影响因素研究

针对V2O5-WO3/Ti O2商用催化剂,采用电称低压冲击器(ELPI)、PM10/PM2.5采样器、X-射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜-能谱分析(FSEM-EDX)等对SCR烟气脱硝中形成的细颗粒粒径分布、形貌、元素及物相组成进行了测试分析,并研究了烟气组分及反应条件对SCR脱硝系统出口细颗粒物性的影响。结果表明,SCR脱硝过程中会形成不少亚微米级颗粒,主要成分为硫酸铵以及硫酸氢氨,晶型呈块状。细颗粒生成量随反应温度的升高和NH3/NO摩尔比的增加而增加,在脱硝效率较高时,颗粒物形成量也趋于增多;烟气中SO2、H2O和O2浓度的增加均会导致细颗粒物形成量的增加。导致细颗粒物产生的主要原因可归结于催化剂的活性组分对SO2的氧化以及SCR脱硝反应中NH3的逃逸。

前驱体溶液pH值对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂的低温NH_3-SCR性能的影响(英文)

采用调节前驱体溶液pH值的方法制备了用于低温NH3-SCR的V2O5-WO3/Ti O2催化剂。通过XPS、Raman光谱、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD、NH3-DRIFT、XRD及物理吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析,并对其脱硝催化活性进行了测试。结果表明,前驱体溶液酸性的增强能够提高催化剂表面聚合态钒物种和V4+(3+)/V5+的比值以及表面酸性,增加活性位数量、降低反应的活化能、提高其脱硝催化性能。因此,通过提高前驱体溶液的酸性,有助于制备出脱硝活性较好的NH3-SCR催化剂。

HPA/TiO_2-WO_3催化合成丙酸环己酯

以丙酸和环己醇为原料 ,采用纳米固载型杂多酸HPA/TiO2 WO3为催化剂 ,系统研究了合成丙酸环己酯的优化条件。优化条件为 :丙酸 0 15mol,环己醇 0 1mol,催化剂 0 5 g ,反应时间 1 5h ,丙酸环己酯收率为77 4%。

燃煤烟气中砷对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 SCR脱硝催化剂性能的影响

通过将商业V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2脱硝催化剂暴露于含As_2O_3烟气中,制备了砷中毒催化剂,并运用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、NH3化学吸附、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱等技术表征分析了砷对催化剂性能的影响,并提出了催化剂砷中毒机理。结果表明,砷对催化剂具有严重的毒害作用,As_2O_3会吸附在催化剂表面,并被催化剂氧化形成As_2O_5覆盖层,减小催化剂比表面积,减少催化剂V活性位,阻止催化剂对NH3的吸附,造成催化剂失活。