Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)(MXene)催化剂制备及催化肉桂醛选择加氢性能

以氢氟酸为蚀刻剂,Ti_(3)AlC_(2)为原料制备的多层Ti_(3)C_(2)(MXene)为载体,采用KBH4还原法制备了Ni负载量(即Ni的理论质量分数,下同)5%~20%的Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)催化剂,通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、N_(2)吸附-脱附、NH_(3)-TPD、CO_(2)-TPD对Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)进行了表征,考察了其催化肉桂醛选择加氢的性能。结果表明,Ni负载量为10%的Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)催化剂(记为10Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2))具有最佳的性能,其Ni金属颗粒均匀负载在Ti_(3)C_(2)表面上,层状结构清晰,比表面积为9.6 m^(2)/g,具有最小的金属Ni平均粒径(43.59 nm)和最高的分散度(0.21%)。随着Ni负载量的增加,Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)的比表面积和酸位点强度逐渐增加,表面酸性位点种类变化不大,10Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)具有强Lewis酸位点(NH_(3)脱附峰在511℃左右),热稳定性较好。在H_(2)压力2.0 MPa、30 mL异丙醇为溶剂、反应温度120℃的条件下,0.5000 g 10Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)催化1.0000 g肉桂醛选择加氢反应3.0 h,肉桂醛转化率和苯丙醇选择性分别为100%和99.29%;在4次循环中,10Ni/Ti_(3)C_(2)表现较高的催化稳定性,肉桂醛转化率100%,苯丙醇选择性99.29%~92.07%。

Ni-Al辅助微波自蔓延烧结制备Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基金刚石复合材料工艺研究

为降低金刚石磨削工具的制造成本和能耗,探寻一种在低能耗下实现高性能陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具的制备工艺,同时研究助燃剂Si和金刚石粒度等因素对样品物相组成、显微形貌和磨削性能的影响。采用Ti、Si、石墨粉和金刚石磨料作为原料,经冷压成型至生胚,通过Ni-Al辅助在微波场加热诱发Ti-Si-C体系发生自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应以制备Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基金刚石复合材料。结果表明,高热值Ni-Al合金辅助可以缩短样品的烧结时间,还可以将诱发SHS反应的温度点控制在金刚石石墨化温度以下。在Ar保护气氛下,Ti-Si-C体系发生SHS反应,可生成Ti_(3)SiC_(2)、TiC和Ti5Si3等3种物相。随Si含量升高,Ti_(3)SiC_(2)相先增多后减少,当n(Ti):n(Si):n(C)=3∶1.1∶2时,复合材料的磨削性能最佳,磨耗比最高可达286.53。分析不同原料配比下的试样磨耗比差异的产生机制,认为基体组织中存在微小且分布均匀的气孔结构,在磨削时可产生大区域的平整磨削面,易于发挥金刚石磨料的磨削效果,有利于提升复合材料样品的磨削性能。

Modeling of Ni_4Ti_3 precipitation during stress-free and stress-assisted aging of bi-crystalline NiTi shape memory alloys

The phase field method was applied to study the microstructure evolution of Ni4Ti3 precipitates during stress-free and stress-assisted aging of bi-crystalline NiTi shape memory alloys （SAMs） with two different initial Ni-contents of 51.5% and 52.5% （mole fraction）, respectively. The simulation results show that, during stress-free aging of the NiTi alloy with a low supersaturation of Ni （i.e., Ti-51.5%Ni）, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates exhibit a heterogeneous distribution with a high number density of particles at the grain boundary, leaving most of the grain interiors free of precipitates; while for the NiTi alloy with a high supersaturation of Ni （i.e., Ti-52.5%Ni）, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates show a homogeneous distribution across the entire simulation system. The stress-assisted aging can give rise to homogeneous distribution of the precipitates, regardless of the initial Ni-content; however, the distribution of variant type within the two grains is heterogeneous.

超高速激光熔覆Ni-cBN/(NiCoCr)_(94)Al_(3)Ti_(3)涂层的组织及性能

钛合金性能优越,但表面耐磨性差制约了其应用和发展。为了克服钛合金耐磨性差的缺点,采用超高速激光熔覆技术在TC11基体上制备(NiCoCr)_(94)Al_(3)Ti_(3)涂层并加入Ni包覆cBN颗粒,借助cBN颗粒的高硬度特性制备耐磨涂层。采用X射线衍射仪分析涂层物相,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能量分散谱仪(EDS)分析涂层组织,借助维式显微硬度计研究涂层截面硬度分布规律,利用摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的耐磨性能。研究结果表明,Ni包覆cBN颗粒的加入会促进(NiCoCr)_(94)Al_(3)Ti_(3)涂层中Cr元素的偏聚,使富Cr相组织长大。当Ni包覆cBN颗粒的含量在5~15 wt.%时,涂层组织逐渐致密,涂层的硬度随Ni包覆cBN含量的增多而升高,但Ni包覆cBN颗粒含量到达20 wt.%时,涂层致密性降低,涂层的硬度也随之降低。涂层的摩擦因数随Ni包覆cBN含量的增加而升高,耐磨性也随含量的增多而增强。15 wt.%Ni包覆cBN涂层的综合性能最佳,硬度达到1024 HV_(0.5),摩擦因数为0.534,磨损体积0.017 mm3,涂层耐磨性是未添加Ni包覆cBN颗粒涂层的2.8倍。Ni包覆cBN颗粒的加入可以提升涂层的耐磨性,为cBN在耐磨涂层的研究及应用提供参考和借鉴。

Laser powder bed fusion of a Ni3Al-based intermetallic alloy with tailored microstructure and superior mechanical performance

Ni3Al-based alloys are excellent candidates for the structural materials used for turbine engines due to their excellent high-temperature properties.This study aims at laser powder bed fusion and post-hot isostatic pressing(HIP)treatment of Ni3Al-based IC^(-2)21 M alloy with a highγ0 volume fraction.The as-built samples exhibits unavoidable solidification cracking and ductility dip cracking,and the laser parameter optimization can reduce the crack density to 1.34 mm/mm^(2).Transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis reveals ultra-fine nanoscaleγ0 phases in the as-built samples due to the high cooling rate during rapid solidification.After HIP treatment,a fully dense structure without cracking defects is achieved,which exhibits an equiaxed structure with grain size~120-180μm and irregularly shapedγ0 precipitates~1-3μm with a prominently high fraction of 86%.The room-temperature tensile test of as-built samples shows a high ultimate tensile strength(σUTS)of 1039.7 MPa and low fracture elongation of 6.4%.After HIP treatment,a significant improvement in ductility(15.7%)and a slight loss of strength(σUTS of 831.7 MPa)are obtained by eliminating the crack defects.Both the as-built and HIP samples exhibit retained highσUTS values of 589.8 MPa and 786.2 MPa,respectively,at 900C.The HIP samples exhibita slight decrease in ductility to~12.9%,indicating excellent high-temperature mechanical performance.Moreover,the abnormal increase in strength and decrease in ductility suggest the critical role of a highγ0 fraction in cracking formation.The intrinsic heat treatment during repeating thermal cycles can induce brittleness and trigger cracking initiation in the heat-affected zone with notable deteriorating ductility.The results indicate that the combination of LPBF and HIP can effectively reduce the crack density and enhance the mechanical properties of Ni_(3)Al-based alloy,making it a promising material for high-temperature applications.

Electrochemical Activation-Induced Structural Transformation in Ni(OH)_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF Systems with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Hybrid Supercapacitors

Exploring a novel strategy for large-scale production of battery-type Ni(OH)_(2)-based composites,with excellent capacitive performance,is still greatly challenging.Herein,we developed a facile and cost-effective strategy to in situ grow a layer of Ni(OH)_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composite on the nickel foam(NF)collector,where Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)is not only a conductive component,but also a catalyst that accelerates the oxidation of NF to Ni(OH)_(2).Detailed analysis reveals that the crystallinity,morphology,and electronic structure of the integrated electrode can be tuned via the electrochemical activation,which is beneficial for improving electrical conductivity and redox activity.As expected,the integrated electrode shows a specific capacity of 1.09 C cm^(-2)at 1 mA cm^(-2)after three custom activation cycles and maintains 92.4%of the initial capacity after 1500 cycles.Moreover,a hybrid supercapacitor composed of Ni(OH)_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/NF cathode and activated carbon anode provides an energy density of 0.1 mWh cm^(-2)at a power density of 0.97 mW cm^(-2),and excellent cycling stability with about 110%capacity retention rate after 5000 cycles.This work would afford an economical and convenient method to steer commercial Ni foam into advanced Ni(OH)_(2)-based composite materials as binder-free electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors.

Formation mechanism of Ti_5Si_3 powder by mechanical alloying

The formation mechanism of stoichiometry Ti_5Si_3 by mechanical alloying (MA)from elemental powders has been investigated. The results of XRD and SEM analyses of the powdershow that Ti_5Si_3 can be synthesized by MA in a planetary mill with two different formationmechanisms. Ti_5Si_3 was formed gradually with the mechanical collusion reaction (MCR) mechanismunder a lower impact energy, and the Ti_5Si_3 was formed abruptly with the self-propagatinghigh-temperature synthesis (SHS) formation mechanism under a higher impact energy.

OXIDATION RESISTANCE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ti_3Al-Nb-Mo-Si ALLOYS

In the present paper,the development of Ti3Al-Nb-Mo-Si alloys for high oxidation resistance is reviewed.Beside of weight gain of alloys with different Nb and Si addition is tested,the evaluation of comprehensive mechanical properties has been taken,include the room-temperature and 700℃ tensile properties,thermal stability,creep rupture and fracture toughness of the alloys,It has shown that the oxidation resistance and mechanical properties were significantly affected by the variation of Nb and Si contents.The composition with the best balance of properties is Ti-24Al-13Nb-1.5Mo-0.5Si and Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo,which is mush higher than that of Super,α_2 alloy (Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo).

Phase Transformation and Deformation Mechanism of Ti_3Al-base Alloy

The phase transformation and deformation mechanism of the alloy based on composition Ti_3Al with addition of Nb,V,Mo have been studied by use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).It has been shown that the orientation relationship of α_2 phase transformed from β phase is:(0001)α_2// (l10)β,[1210]α_2//[111]β.The present dislocation slip systems in α_2 phase are (1100)[0001] and (1100)<1120>.There also exist α_2 twins which have new twin relationship and the twin plane is (2021).

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cross-rolled Ti_(50)Ni_(47)Fe_3 Shape Memory Alloy

The microstructures, the phase transformation characteristics, and the mechanical properties of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy in as-forged and as-cross-rolled states were investigated. It is found that, after cross-rolling, the phase transformation temperature （Ms） of the alloy decreases drastically and the grains get refined. Moreover, its yield strength and fracture strength after cross-rolling hit 540 MPa and 687 MPa respectively, up by about 200 MPa over those in as-forged state.

FRACTURE MECHANISM IN Ti_3Al+Si+Nb ALLOYS

Ti_3Al+Si+Nb alloys containing Ti_5Si_3 have the potential in ductility improvements. In this paper, the fracture mechanism of this alloy is under investigation. Three kinds of alloys in the as rolled condition were prepared for determination of KIC values and calculation of J-resistance curves. The results show that the morphology of Ti_5Si_3 has a great influence on the KIC. values of the alloys and crack growth resistance. The fracture mechanism is controlled by Ti_5Si_3 particles.

Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

First-principles study of stacking fault energies in Ni_3Al intermetallic alloys

The first-principles method based on the projector augmented wave method within the generalized gradient approximation was employed to calculate the superlattice intrinsic stacking fault（SISF） and complex stacking fault（CSF） energies of the binary Ni3Al alloys with different Al contents and the ternary Ni3Al intermetallic alloys with addition of alloying elements,such as Pd,Pt,Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re.The results show that the energies of SISF and CSF increase significantly with increase of Al contents in Ni3Al.Addition of Pd and Pt occupying the Ni sublattices does not change the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al markedly in comparison with the Ni-23.75Al alloy.While addition of alloying elements,such as Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re,occupying the Al sublattices dramatically increases the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al.The results suggest that the energies of SISF and CSF are dependent both on the Al contents and on the site occupancy of the ternary alloying element in Ni3Al intermetallic alloys.

定向凝固条件下Ti_(3)Al合金中梯度纳米结构的形成机制与力学行为——原子尺度研究

通过分子动力学(MD)模拟方法对Ti_(3)Al合金在定向凝固条件下的生长机理进行系统研究,并通过对比纳米晶(NG)、粗晶(CG)和梯度纳米晶(GNG)合金,研究Ti_(3)Al合金的结构力学性能。结果表明,在凝固过程中Ti_(3)Al相优先生长为等轴晶组织,随后逐渐演变为柱状粒,并最终形成梯度纳米晶结构。此时,晶粒在与凝固方向平行的方向优先生长。此外,研究还发现,相较于NG和CG结构,GNG结构定向凝固合金具有更高的抗拉强度和更好的延展性。GNG结构不仅有效抑制了小晶粒区域的应变局域化和晶粒生长,而且促进了较大晶粒区域的位错形成,从而获得更好的力学性能。

Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/Ni/TiO_(2)复合粉体的制备及吸波性能研究

采用热处理的方法制备出二维层状Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/Ni/TiO_(2)复合粉体,并利用TG-DSC、SEM、XRD和XPS对样品进行表征分析,通过矢量网络分析仪测试样品的电磁参数并模拟计算不同涂层厚度下样品的反射损耗值(RL)。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,样品中TiO2质量含量增加;当热处理温度为300℃时,在频率f=17.5 GHz下样品的RL为-35.2 dB,其有效吸波带宽超过1.7 GHz,对应的涂层厚度为4 mm。其优异的吸波性能一方面来自良好的阻抗匹配,另外一方面来自样品的介电损耗、磁损耗的协同效应。此外,样品的电磁波吸收能力可以通过其组分和微观结构进行调控。

Effect of Re element on oxidation resistance of Ni_3Al-Mo based alloys at 1150 ℃

The isothermal oxidation behaviors of three kinds of Ni3Al-Mo based alloys at 1150 ℃ were studied.The morphology,structure and element distribution of oxide scales of the alloys were researched by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis.The research results show that there are three oxide layers,an outer layer of NiO,an intermediate layer mainly composed of NiO,NiAl2O4 and a small amount of NiMoO4,and an inner layer of NiAl2O4 and Al2O3.Re element was mainly distributed in the intermediate layer,which plays a role as ＂diffusion barrier＂ in the process of oxidation,and effectively reduces the diffusion rate of Al and Mo elements outward and diffusion rate of O element inward.As a result,a Al-rich oxide layer formed in the inner layer inhibits the growth of oxide layer and improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy.

Ti_(3)Ni合金中TiO_(2)和TiN夹杂物的去除

采用电子束精炼技术精炼Ti3Ni合金,研究了合金中TiO_(2)和TiN夹杂物的去除机制。结果表明:在精炼条件下熔体中心处的温度最高,为2681.2 K,远高于TiO_(2)的熔点,熔体表面及近表面区的TiO_(2)夹杂物主要以溶解的方式去除;在精炼条件下TiN夹杂物溶解的最低温度为2671.5 K,略低于熔体中心的温度,分解的最低温度为1869.6 K,远低于熔体中心的温度,熔体表面及近表面区的TiN夹杂物可通过溶解和分解的方式去除。

Ti6Al4V合金激光熔覆Ti_(3)SiC_(2)增强Ni60复合涂层组织与摩擦学性能

为了提高Ti6Al4V合金的耐磨减摩性能,在其表面利用激光熔覆技术制备出两种不同配比的Ti3Si C2/Ni60复合涂层,分别是5%Ti_(3)SiC_(2)+Ni60(N1)和10%Ti_(3)SiC_(2)+Ni60(N2)(均为质量分数),研究了这两种涂层在室温、300和600℃下的微观组织、显微硬度、摩擦学性能表现及相关磨损机理.结果表明:涂层主要由硬质相TiC/TiB/Ti_(x)Ni_(y),γ-Ni固溶体连续相和润滑相Ti_(3)SiC_(2)组成.N1、N2涂层的显微硬度均为基体(350HV_(0.5))的3倍左右,分别为1101.90HV_(0.5)和1037.23HV_(0.5),在室温、300和600℃下的摩擦系数分别为0.39、0.35、0.30和0.41、0.45、0.44,均小于基体的摩擦系数(0.51、0.49、0.47).N1、N2涂层在室温、300和600℃下的磨损率分别为3.07×10^(-5)、1.47×10^(-5)、0.77×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)和1.45×10^(-5)、0.96×10^(-5)、0.62×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),均远小于基体[35.96×10^(-5)、25.99×10^(-5)、15.18×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)].在本文中Ti_(3)SiC_(2)提高了Ti6Al4V合金的耐磨减摩性能,使得N1涂层表现出更好的减摩性能,N2涂层表现出更好的耐磨性能.室温下,磨粒磨损、塑性变形以及轻微的黏着磨损为两种涂层的主要磨损机理;300℃时,塑性变形、氧化磨损和黏着磨损是N1涂层的对应机理,600℃时出现了三体磨粒磨损;在300和600℃时,黏着磨损、氧化磨损及磨粒磨损为N2涂层的主要磨损机理.

INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS（Nb，Mo，V） ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ti_3Al BASE ALLOYS

The microstructures of Ti-14Al-21Nb and Ti-14Al-20Nb-2Mo-3.2V(wt%) alloys have been investikated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The phase constitution and the orientation relationship between α2and βwere identified by means of the selected area diffraction and the micro-diffraction techniques.Results show that,compared to Ti-14Al-21Nb,the alloying elements Mo and V can greatly increase the fraction of β phase and improve significantly the microstructures of Ti-14Al-20Nb-2Mo-3.2V.The ordered B2 structure is also evident in the residual βgrains of the latter alloy.

Oxidation Behaviour of Sputtered Ni-3Cr-20Al Alloy

The oxidation behavior of sputtered Ni-3Cr-20Al coating at 900℃ in air was investigated. A dense Al2O3 layer was formed on the sputtered Ni-3Cr-20AI coating after 200 h oxidation. However, owing to the segregation of Ni3Al during oxidation process at high temperature, the spinel NiAI2O4 was also formed in the Al2O3 layer. It was found that the formation of NiAI204 had no detrimental effect on the oxidation resistance of the sputtered N?3O-20AI coating due to the excellent adhesion shown by the Al2O3 and NiAl2O4complex oxide scale.