The Publication of the Piling Canon in the Late Qing

Piling Canon refers to a woodblock-printed Chinese Buddhist Canon during the late Qing Dynasty.Despite its historical significance,it has received limited attention from the academia,as its discovery took place after the turn of the 21st century.This study explores the background,supervisor,proofreader,engravers,donors,and other factors that contributed to the publication of the Piling Canon.It was supervised by Buddhist monk Qingrong in Changzhou Tianning Monastery from 1908 to 1926,due to the commission of Yang Wenhui.By investigating the historical records in the colophons of Piling Canon,we found that engraving locations are distributed in Hubei,Yangzhou,and Danyang which engravers operated in groups;the majority of donors were found to be individuals and group forms,social fundraising was included as well.It is noteworthy that Sheng Xuanhuai made a significant contribution in terms of funding.Furthermore,the production of the Piling Canon confirms to the commence of Buddhism revival,as Buddhist scriptures in Jiangnan regions were almost destroyed after the Taiping Rebellion.The research shed light on extensive participation of cultural celebrities,diverse donation forms,and excellent engraving,offering a vivid depiction of Buddhist belief and social landscape in Jiangnan region.

Constraining the crustal structure under the central and western Tian Shan based on teleseismic receiver functions and gravity anomalies

The Tian Shan is a vast range that spans several countries in Asia.Understanding its evolutionary history may provide valuable insights into intracontinental orogenic dynamics.In this study,we explored the crustal characteristics of the Tian Shan and their relationships to the tectonic evolution of the region.A new H-stacking method that combines the P receiver function and gravity anomalies was used to estimate the thickness and ratio of P-to S-wave velocities(Vp/Vs)for 91 broadband seismic stations in the central and western Tian Shan.Our results revealed significant lateral variations in crustal thickness and Vp/Vs.A—45-km-thick crust and an intermediate-high Vp/Vs(-1.74-1.84)were found in the Kazakh Shield and Tarim Basin,which we interpreted to indicate a mafic crystalline basement and lower crust.The central Tian Shan varied greatly in crustal thickness(40-64 km)and Vp/Vs ratio(1.65-2.00).which may be due to crustal shortening,mafic underplating,and crustal melting.In contrast,we observed a relatively thin crust(42-50 km)with an intermediate Vp/Vs ratio(-1.78)in the western Tian Shan.The differences in the crustal structures between the western and central Tian Shan imply that the Talas-Fergana Fault may be trans-lithospheric.

Shear wave splitting analysis of local earthquakes from dense arrays in Shimian,Sichuan

The Shimian area of Sichuan sits at the junction of the Bayan Har block.Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block,and Yangtze block,where several faults intersect.This region features intense tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes.In this study,we used local seismic waveform data recorded using dense arrays deployed in the Shimian area to obtain the shear wave splitting parameters at 55 seismic stations and thereby determine the crustal anisotropic characteristics of the region.We then analyzed the crustal stress pattern and tectonic setting and explored their relationship in the study area.Although some stations returned a polarization direction of NNW-SSE.a dominant polarization direction of NW-SE was obtained for the fast shear wave at most seismic stations in the study area.The polarization directions of the fast shear wave were highly consistent throughout the study-area.This orientation was in accordance with the direction of the regional principal compressive stress and parallel to the trend of the Xianshuihe and Daliangshan faults.The distribution of crustal anisotropy in this area was affected by the regional tectonic stress field and the fault structures.The mean delay time between fast and slow shear waves was 3.83 ms/km.slightly greater than the values obtained in other regions of Sichuan.This indicates that the crustal media in our study area had a high anisotropic strength and also reveals the influence of tectonic complexity resulting from the intersection of multiple faults on the strength of seismic anisotropy.

Tianmen textile machinery:Independently developed the drawing frame equipment

Hubei Tianmen Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.is a well-known enterprise and key high-tech enterprise in China textile industry.The company's leading product,drawing frame,has completely independent intellectual property rights,among which TM 11 is well received by users and has a high market share in China.

简述江南制造局天文台

“过去人们不知道上海江南制造局有天文台，该文认为在江南制造局成立不久，由于编制航海年历等的需要，由贾步纬建立了天文馆和天文台，李等人在那里进行过观测工作。

基于二次差值的彩色图像可逆隐藏

针对现有大多数的隐藏算法数据隐藏量较少的问题,本文提出一种基于二次差值的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法,实验结果表明,本算法的数据嵌入容量有较大提高。

基于元胞自动机的刹车灯模型交通流分析

通过改变Tian模型中对"非常好的驾驶条件"的定义以及在模型中考虑车辆加速后再减速对随机慢化的影响,提出了新的Tian模型。通过具体的数值分析发现改进后的元胞自动机的流量要大于NS元胞自动机,且在刹车灯模型的基础上用元胞自动机模拟出的车流量更加符合实际的交通情况。

评陆以湉《冷庐医话》

陆以湉著《冷庐医话》是晚清医话之重要著作,具有一定的学术价值和史料价值。主要特点是:①能撷取诸家之长,又有己见;②主张辨证四诊合参,不可拘一;③留心单方验方,认真实践,总结;④展示晚清民间医学临床,内容丰富、生动。书中瑕瑜互见,评述医籍、医家偶有不当之处,介绍临床也有医巫不分、以讹传讹之误。读者应“详察其失而节取其长”。

一种改进的彩色图像可逆隐藏算法

在图像可逆数据隐藏领域，基于灰度图像的Tian差值扩展是比较经典的算法，后续的大多数算法都是在它的基础上进行改进。本文提出一种二次双向嵌入的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法，采用实用性较强的彩色图像进行实验，与现有的多数算法相比，对载体图像的质量损失不变的情况下，嵌入数据的量有较大提高。

Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Talas-Fergana region of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan revealed by low-temperature basement and detrital thermochronology

This study provides new low-temperature thermochronometric data, mainly apatite fission track data on the basement rocks in and adjacent to the Talas-Fergana Fault, in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan in the first place.In the second place, we also present new detrital apatite fission track data on the Meso-Cenozoic sediments from fault related basins and surrounding intramontane basins. Our results confirm multistaged Meso-Cenozoic tectonic activity, possibly induced by the accretion of the so-called Cimmerian blocks to the Eurasian margin. New evidence for this multi-staged thermo-tectonic activity is found in the data of both basement and Meso-Cenozoic sediment samples in or close to the Talas-Fergana Fault.Zircon(U-Th)/He and apatite fission track data constrain rapid Late TriassiceE arly Jurassic and Late JurassiceE arly Cretaceous basement cooling in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan around 200 Ma and 130 -100 Ma respectively. Detrital apatite fission track results indicate a different burial history on both sides of the Talas-Fergana Fault. The apatite fission track system of the Jurassic sediments in the Middle Tien Shan unit east of the Talas-Fergana Fault is not reset, while the Jurassic sediments in the Fergana Basin and Yarkand-Fergana Basin, west of the fault zone, are partially and in some cases even totally reset. The totally reset samples exhibit Oligocene and Miocene ages and evidence the Cenozoic reactivation of the western Kyrgyz Tien Shan as a consequence of the India-Eurasia convergence.

Multistage Enrichment of the Sawafuqi Uranium Deposit: New Insights into Sandstone-hosted Uranium Deposits in the Intramontane Basins of Tian Shan, China

Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental orogenic processes in the Tian Shan orogenic belt have significant effect on the sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in the intramontane basins and those adjacent to the orogen. The Sawafuqi uranium deposit, which is located in the South Tian Shan orogenic belt, is investigated to reveal the relationships between uranium mineralization and orogenies. Recent exploration results show that the Sawafuqi uranium deposit has tabular, stratiform, quasi-stratiform, and lens-like orebodies and various geological characteristics different from typical interlayer oxidation zone sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Systematic studies of ore samples from the Sawafuqi uranium deposit using a variety of techniques, including thin section observation, a-track radiograph, electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope, suggest that uranium mineralization is closely related to pyrite and organic matter. Mineralization-related alterations in the host rocks are mainly silicification and argillation including kaolinite, illite （and illite-smectite mixed layer） and chlorite. Tree stages of mineralization were identified in the Sawafuqi uranium deposit： （i） uranium-bearing detritus and synsedimentary initial pre-enrichment; （ii） interlayer oxidization zone uranium mineralization; and （iii） vein-type uranium mineralization. The synsedimentary uranium pre-enrichment represents an early uranium enrichment in the Sawafuqi uranium deposit, and interlayer oxidation zone uranium mineralization formed the main orebodies, which are superimposed by the vein-type uranium mineralization. Combining the results of this study with previous studies on the Meso-Cenozoic orogenies of South Tian Shan, it is proposed that the synsedimentary uranium pre-enrichment of the Sawafuqi uranium deposit was caused by Triassic Tian Shan uplift, and the interlayer oxidation zone uranium mineralization occurred during the Eocence-Oligocene period, when tectonism was relatively quiet, whereas the vein-type uranium mineralization took place in relation to the strong orogeny of South Tian Shan since Miocene.

Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan's Mountain Forests

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework,this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests over the last century. The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side,their interests and demands,and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management — and even the recognition of different forest products as resources — are connected with political and socio-economic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique,characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products;and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule,when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era,a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly,which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions,but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present,the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate,which has resulted in the forests’ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization,increased communication and trans-regional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today,walnut wood and burls,walnuts,wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless,it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors — the present transformation and globalization processes,the appearance of new actors,the local population’s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions — are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests,resulting in their degradation.

Physico-chemical Characteristics and Environmental Significance of Snow Deposition on Haxilegen Glacier No.51 in Tian Shan,China

Snow chemistry on the glaciers of alpine regions is a good indicator of atmospheric environmental change.We examine snow chemistry in three snowpits at different altitudes on the Haxilegen Glacier No.51,in the Kuitun River source,Tian Shan,China,during July-September 2004 to 2007.We use correlation analysis,factor analysis and sea-salt tracing methods to examine the characteristics and sources of major ions and mineral dust particles in the snow.Results show that mineral dust particles and major ions in the snow pits vary seasonally.During the Asian dust period in springtime,the concentration of mineral dust particles and major ions deposited in snow is high,while the concentration is relatively low during the non-dust period of summer and autumn.This may be caused by dust storm activity in central Asia.The order of major ionic concentrations in the snow packs was determined to be Ca2+ > SO42-> NH4+ > NO3-> Cl-> Na+ > Mg2+ > K+.Ca2+ was the dominant cation;SO42- was the dominant anion.We find,with the exception of NO3-,that the variabilities of ionic concentrations are highly correlated.Results show that the glacier region was significantly affected by dust activity and anthropogenic source.The major ions,especially Na+,originate from dust sources of central Asia and from the Ocean,transported by the westerly winds.

LATE CENOZOIC TECTONICS ALONG THE NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF THE TARIM BASIN: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE TARIM BASIN AND THE SOUTHERN TIAN SHAN, WEST CHINA

The Late Cenozoic fold\|and\|thrust zone along the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin and the adjacent Tian Shan of Central Asia is an actively deforming part of the India\|Asia collision system. This deformation zone has two remarkable oppositely vergence arcuate fold\|and\|thrust systems (Kepingtage and Kashi\|Atushi fold\|and\|thrust belts) reaching from east of Keping to west of Kashi. This shape is manifested by structure, topography and seismicity. From north to south, this deformation zone is characterized by four main kinematic elements: (1) a hanging\|wall block (Maidan fault and Tuotegongbaizi\|Muziduke thrust system) that represents the Cenozoic reactivation of a late Paleozoic thrust system; (2) an imbricated thrust stack (Kepingtage\|Tashipeshake thrust system) where slices of Tarim platform sediments are thrust south toward the basin; (3) the Kashi\|Atushi fold\|and\|thrust system where thrusting and folding verge toward the Tian Shan; (4) a foot\|wall block (Tarim craton) that dips gently northwest below the sediment\|filled southern Tian Shan basin and generally has little internal deformation.

《擒获王直》作者考论

海防文献的整理与研究历来是一个学术热点,特别是明人郑若曾编纂的《筹海图编》,学者们对此的研究已有相当成就。①《筹海图编》卷九《大捷考》记载了诸多战役,最引人注目的要数佚名的《擒获王直》。《擒获王直》详细地记载了胡宗宪平定王直的过程,由于此文涉及海盗、倭寇、徽商、海贸等诸多题材,因此为海洋史、经济史、军事史、中外关系史等领域的学者广泛征引,其重要性不言而喻。然而,学界对这篇文献的真正作者是谁,以及它是如何产生的等相关问题的研究还很薄弱。本文拟对此进行探讨,希望可以推进相关领域的研究。

Apatite U–Pb dating and geochemistry of the Kyrgyz South Tian Shan(Central Asia): Establishing an apatite fingerprint for provenance studies

This paper presents an apatite U-Pb and geochemistry archive for exposed plutons and metamorphic rocks of the Kyrgyz South Tian Shan(STS)within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Apatite U-Pb dates and trace-element geochemistry are provided for 17 samples from late Carboniferous-early Permian I-type granites in the Terktinsky complex and A-type granites in the Kokshaal Range;early Devonian granites in the Kembel complex;Cryogenian granitoids and tuffs from the Middle Tian Shan and gneisses from the Atbashi metamorphic complex.These samples form a comprehensive selection of igneous and metamorphic rocks within the cores of Mesozoic basement highs that supplied detritus to adjacent basins such as the Tarim,Ferghana and Yarkand-Ferghana Basins.Generally,the granitoid samples preserve primary igneous apatite U-Pb ages that are within uncertainty of previously published zircon U-Pb dates.The apatites from the Atbashi metamorphic complex record anomalous Ordovician dates with large uncertainties that are interpreted as mixing ages between Cryogenian protolith formation and Carboniferous metamorphism.Principal component analysis discriminates apatite samples from the different bedrock terranes in the Kyrgyz STS based on their geochemical fingerprint and categorizes the samples with respect to an extensive apatite geochemical archive.The combined apatite-zircon archive provides a novel framework for provenance studies on the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary history of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

Carbon isotopes and lignin phenols for tracing the floods during the past 70 years in the middle reach of the Changjiang River

The Lake Tian E Zhou(TEZ,an oxbow lake)was formed during the rerouting of the Changjiang River in 1972,with strong influences from the main river channel and flood events.Herein,a sediment core was collected from the Lake TEZ for the measurements of carbon isotopes and biomarkers,including stable carbon isotopes(δ13C),radiocarbon composition(?14C),and lignin phenols,as well as lead-210 to reconstruct recent heavy flood events over the past 70 years.At the 24–26 cm interval,the sediment contained the highest OC%,TN%,and lignin phenols content,as well as significantly depleted 13C but enriched 14C,corresponding to the extreme flood event in 1998.In addition,statistics from t-test showed that lignin phenols normalized to OC(Λ8),the concentration of 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid(3,5-BD),and the ratio of p-hydroxy benzophenone to total hydroxyl phenols(PHB/HP)were all significantly different between the layers containing flood deposits and the layers deposited under normal non-flood conditions(p<0.05).These results indicate that the later three parameters are highly related to flood events and can be used as compelling proxies,along with sediment chronology,for hydrological changes and storm/flood events in the river basin and coastal marine environments.

Paleoseismological Study of the Late Quaternary Slip-rate along the South Barkol Basin Fault and Its Tectonic Implications,Eastern Tian Shan,Xinjiang

The easternmost Tian Shan lies in eastern Xinjiang, Central Asia. The South Barkol basin fault（SBF） in the northern part of the easternmost Tian Shan is a major tectonic structure in this orogenic region. The late Quaternary activity, paleoseismology, and deformation characteristics of the fault provide important clues for understanding the tectonic process of the eastern Tian Shan orogen and implementing seismic mitigation. Through interpretation of high-resolution satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicle measurements, and detailed geological and geomorphic investigations, we suggest that the fault exhibits clear left-lateral slip along its western segment. Paleoseismic trenches dug near Xiongkuer reveal evidence of six large paleoearthquakes. The four latest paleoearthquakes were dated： the oldest event occurred at 4663 BC–3839 BC. Data on the horizontal offsets along the probable 1842 Barkol earthquake coseismic rupture suggest clear multiple relationships between cumulative offsets and possible ~4 m of coseismic left-lateral slip per event. From the cumulative offsets and 14 C sample ages, we suggest an average Holocene left-lateral slip rate of 2.4–2.8 mm/a on the SBF, accounting for ~80% of lateral deformation within the entire eastern Tian Shan fault system. This result is comparable with the shortening rate of 2–4 mm/a in the whole eastern Tian Shan, indicating an equal role of strike-slip tectonics and compressional tectonics in this orogen, and that the SBF may accommodate substantial lateral tectonic deformation.

The Major Two-stage Shortening Deformation of the Northern Tibet and Tian Shan Area Since the Latest Oligocene

It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision（ca.55 Ma）.This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area.Detailed compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological data.The latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern Tibet.Subsequently, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present.