Carbon trading and carbon offset markets are potential policy options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offsets. In a market-based ...Carbon trading and carbon offset markets are potential policy options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offsets. In a market-based framework, the carbon price should be high enough to compensate for opportunity costs. We studied a highly-modified agricultural system in the Guanzhong–Tianshui economic region of China that is typical of many temperate agricultural zones in western China. We quantified the economic returns from agriculture and from carbon plantings(both monoculture and ecological plantings) under five carbon-price scenarios. The mean carbon sequestration is 34 Mg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1), and the average annual payment increased to 1146 CNY·hm^(–2) at a medium carbon price of 50 CNY·Mg^(–1) CO_2^(–e). Thus, areas of high priority for conservation and restoration may be restored relatively cheaply in the presence of a carbon market.Overall, however, less carbon is sequestered by ecological plantings(i.e., mixed native trees and shrubs) compared to agriculture.展开更多
The theory of the country-of-origin image is discussed and the natural relations between county-of-origin image and the regional brand are explored.The paper points out that the dispersion of agriculture has intensifi...The theory of the country-of-origin image is discussed and the natural relations between county-of-origin image and the regional brand are explored.The paper points out that the dispersion of agriculture has intensified the natural relations to a large extent.The paper probes into the branding status of agriculture in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone and points out the problems of it.In the first place,the agricultural industrial system is complete but there is no unified agricultural regional brand;in the second place,the weak awareness on protecting brand leads to the irrational behaviors on damaging brand.From the perspective of the image of the country of origin,the branding mode of agriculture is established and the countermeasures on improving the competitiveness of agricultural products are put forward.Firstly,the leading role of the government should be fully displayed;secondly,the image protection of original production place and regional brand promotion of the agricultural region should be intensified;thirdly,the functions of local pillar industries in protecting image and regional branding should be fully made use of.展开更多
净第一性生产力是表现陆地生态过程的关键参数,土地利用变化深刻影响区域的净第一性生产力。选取关中-天水经济区为研究区域,尝试对30 m精度的1980-2011年4期9月份左右Landsat 7的遥感影像以及CASA模型来估算关中-天水经济区的净第一性...净第一性生产力是表现陆地生态过程的关键参数,土地利用变化深刻影响区域的净第一性生产力。选取关中-天水经济区为研究区域,尝试对30 m精度的1980-2011年4期9月份左右Landsat 7的遥感影像以及CASA模型来估算关中-天水经济区的净第一性生产力,并用2011年遥感图像解译获得该年的土地利用数据,以及土地利用变化情况。在此基础上分析土地利用变化对净第一性生产力的影响,并且对关天经济区各县市净初级生产力进行了对比和分析。结果表明:1980-2011年,关中-天水经济区土地利用耕地、林地、居民建筑用地变化明显,南部秦岭山区多为林地与草地,净第一性生产力高达625.37 g C·m-2·a-1,而关中平原与天水地区人口居住区与开垦区净第一性生产力明显下降,最低达47.78 g C·m-2·a-1,人为的开发与利用土地降低了区域的净第一性生产力。所以,要继续施行落实退耕还林政策,控制城镇用地较大速度的扩增,以保持好区域的生态服务功能。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK201502010)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation on the 58th Group (2015M582706)Postdoctoral Scientific Research Project Foundation of Shaanxi Province in 2015China 111 Project (B12007)
文摘Carbon trading and carbon offset markets are potential policy options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offsets. In a market-based framework, the carbon price should be high enough to compensate for opportunity costs. We studied a highly-modified agricultural system in the Guanzhong–Tianshui economic region of China that is typical of many temperate agricultural zones in western China. We quantified the economic returns from agriculture and from carbon plantings(both monoculture and ecological plantings) under five carbon-price scenarios. The mean carbon sequestration is 34 Mg·hm^(–2)·a^(–1), and the average annual payment increased to 1146 CNY·hm^(–2) at a medium carbon price of 50 CNY·Mg^(–1) CO_2^(–e). Thus, areas of high priority for conservation and restoration may be restored relatively cheaply in the presence of a carbon market.Overall, however, less carbon is sequestered by ecological plantings(i.e., mixed native trees and shrubs) compared to agriculture.
基金Supported by Soft Science Projects of Science and Technology Development Plan in Hanzhong City
文摘The theory of the country-of-origin image is discussed and the natural relations between county-of-origin image and the regional brand are explored.The paper points out that the dispersion of agriculture has intensified the natural relations to a large extent.The paper probes into the branding status of agriculture in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone and points out the problems of it.In the first place,the agricultural industrial system is complete but there is no unified agricultural regional brand;in the second place,the weak awareness on protecting brand leads to the irrational behaviors on damaging brand.From the perspective of the image of the country of origin,the branding mode of agriculture is established and the countermeasures on improving the competitiveness of agricultural products are put forward.Firstly,the leading role of the government should be fully displayed;secondly,the image protection of original production place and regional brand promotion of the agricultural region should be intensified;thirdly,the functions of local pillar industries in protecting image and regional branding should be fully made use of.
文摘净第一性生产力是表现陆地生态过程的关键参数,土地利用变化深刻影响区域的净第一性生产力。选取关中-天水经济区为研究区域,尝试对30 m精度的1980-2011年4期9月份左右Landsat 7的遥感影像以及CASA模型来估算关中-天水经济区的净第一性生产力,并用2011年遥感图像解译获得该年的土地利用数据,以及土地利用变化情况。在此基础上分析土地利用变化对净第一性生产力的影响,并且对关天经济区各县市净初级生产力进行了对比和分析。结果表明:1980-2011年,关中-天水经济区土地利用耕地、林地、居民建筑用地变化明显,南部秦岭山区多为林地与草地,净第一性生产力高达625.37 g C·m-2·a-1,而关中平原与天水地区人口居住区与开垦区净第一性生产力明显下降,最低达47.78 g C·m-2·a-1,人为的开发与利用土地降低了区域的净第一性生产力。所以,要继续施行落实退耕还林政策,控制城镇用地较大速度的扩增,以保持好区域的生态服务功能。
