China has made significant strides in economic and social development since reform and opening up over the past four decades.This process has been influenced by the exceptional innovation and entrepreneurship of Chine...China has made significant strides in economic and social development since reform and opening up over the past four decades.This process has been influenced by the exceptional innovation and entrepreneurship of Chinese business leaders,as well as their profound sentiments of compassion for the world and their country.It is of great significance to foster and promote an entrepreneurial spirit with distinctive Chinese characteristics.Not only is such spirit essential to the high-quality development of enterprises and the economy,but it is also a critical impetus for achieving Chinese modernization.Nevertheless,there is still a paucity of adequate theoretical discourse on the cultural origins and entrepreneurial spirit of outstanding Chinese business leaders.This paper employs the classical grounded theory method to conduct a 10-year follow-up research on 11 representative entrepreneurs and their enterprises.The results indicate that these entrepreneurs exhibit an evolving worldview along the paths of“self-cultivation and moral conduct”,“assisting employees to achieve”,“multilateral symbiosis”,and“the oneness of existence”when interacting with themselves,employees,partners,the general public,and all things in nature.Such entrepreneurial spirit is embodied in this paper as the“Tianxia(all-under-heaven)worldview”.Through theoretical construction,this study defines the concept of“Tianxia worldview”and extensively examines the distinctions and connections between the broadminded“Tianxia worldview”and the kinship-centered“differential mode of association”in terms of internal structure,value orientation,and applicable groups.It is posited that the transition from the former to the latter is a continuous process of transcendence and evolution of the individual mindset.This study has theoretical significance in the context of advancing the research on the Chinese entrepreneurial spirit,transcending the constraints of the management approach based on the“differential mode of association”,and enhancing the research on social responsibility from the perspective of“benefit corporations”.It also has practical value in overcoming the trust dilemma and development impediment of family businesses,ensuring that enterprises consciously fulfill their social responsibilities in a broader social context,and achieving common prosperity and progress for both enterprises and society.展开更多
How to deal with differences is a question that any political body must respond to.The individualist perspective emphasizes that actors will adopt measures to exclude or even eliminate divergent claims in order to gai...How to deal with differences is a question that any political body must respond to.The individualist perspective emphasizes that actors will adopt measures to exclude or even eliminate divergent claims in order to gain control over interests power or statutory policy,but the rich experience of traditional Chinese scholar officials offers the possibility of going beyond the limitations of this perspective.The perspective of“tianxia qingshi(world circumstances)”as a new narrative reveals a unique practical logic and dynamic mechanism in Chinese political civilization that have been overlooked by the individualist perspective.The“Green Sprouts policy(qing miao fa)polemic”in the early years of the New Policies era of the Northern Song dynasty(960-1127)presents a historical situation that has not been given full attention by existing research.展开更多
The cognition of borderland landscape constitutes an important aspect of understanding the overall geographical order and its internal structure,and is also one of the important contents of the intellectual history of...The cognition of borderland landscape constitutes an important aspect of understanding the overall geographical order and its internal structure,and is also one of the important contents of the intellectual history of frontier thought.It can facilitate us to think about the geographical spatial correlation of the relations between Chinese borderland regions,and further form a comprehensive control of the spatiotemporal structure of a certain borderland region.As an important ecological transition zone in China,the Xilin Gol region of Inner Mongolia is surrounded by unique cultural-geographical landscapes,such as the source of the Luanhe River,Yuan Dadu ruins,Duolun Huizong Temple and etc.It constitutes an important entry point for us to understand the unique landscape across the trans-Great Wall zone,and thus to understand the spatiotemporal correlation of the Yuan-Ming-Qing dynasties,the Tianxia space as a whole and its contemporary symbolic significance.This paper will conduct a specific discussion and interpretation focusing on this main issue,so as to propose corresponding broader perspectives addressing the issue.展开更多
The topic of the paper is the Chinese view of world order and the concept of Tianxia （all under heaven ）. The objective is to analyze how contemporary Chinese scholars currently discuss and perceive this concept. In...The topic of the paper is the Chinese view of world order and the concept of Tianxia （all under heaven ）. The objective is to analyze how contemporary Chinese scholars currently discuss and perceive this concept. In fact, several Chinese scholars are proposing to replace the existing international system with an updated version of the Tianxia system. This paper will describe the salient characteristics of Tianxia as an ideal and practice in China since early times, and examine recent Chinese literature on this subject. It will also analyze the related debate on the existence of a Chinese International Relations Theory（IRT）. The formation of an autonomous IRT would epitomize a new and clearer definition of the Chinese role in the international framework.展开更多
The concept of tianxia （all under heaven） had both a broad and a narrow meaning in traditional China, corresponding respectively to ＂the world＂ and ＂China.＂ It was generally believed that China＇s recent history...The concept of tianxia （all under heaven） had both a broad and a narrow meaning in traditional China, corresponding respectively to ＂the world＂ and ＂China.＂ It was generally believed that China＇s recent history saw a process in which tianxia contracted into a ＂state.＂ However, if we put the emphasis on what the Chinese literati had in mind, the process was more of a transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ Kang Youwei creatively transformed Gongyang＇s idea of the ＂Three Worlds＂ from a diachronic to a synchronic concept, facilitating a smooth transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ However, China was excluded fi-om the Western-dominated ＂world＂ system. The Chinese literati＇s yearning to become a part of＂the world,＂ and their endeavor to earn China a better position in the world, involved a hesitant process of exploration.展开更多
基金a result of the Major Project of Marxist Theory Research and Construction in 2023 and Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)“Research on Education,Science and Technology,and Talent as Fundamental Strategic Support for the Comprehensive Construction of a Modern Socialist Country”(Grant No.2023MZD010)General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)“The Tianxia Worldview of Contemporary Chinese Entrepreneurs:Concept Proposal,Scale Design,and Efficacy Verification”(Grant No.72072061)2020 Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project“Research on the Social Network and Development Mechanism of Enterprise-Driven Traditional Culture Revival in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area”(Grant No.2020GZYB19).
文摘China has made significant strides in economic and social development since reform and opening up over the past four decades.This process has been influenced by the exceptional innovation and entrepreneurship of Chinese business leaders,as well as their profound sentiments of compassion for the world and their country.It is of great significance to foster and promote an entrepreneurial spirit with distinctive Chinese characteristics.Not only is such spirit essential to the high-quality development of enterprises and the economy,but it is also a critical impetus for achieving Chinese modernization.Nevertheless,there is still a paucity of adequate theoretical discourse on the cultural origins and entrepreneurial spirit of outstanding Chinese business leaders.This paper employs the classical grounded theory method to conduct a 10-year follow-up research on 11 representative entrepreneurs and their enterprises.The results indicate that these entrepreneurs exhibit an evolving worldview along the paths of“self-cultivation and moral conduct”,“assisting employees to achieve”,“multilateral symbiosis”,and“the oneness of existence”when interacting with themselves,employees,partners,the general public,and all things in nature.Such entrepreneurial spirit is embodied in this paper as the“Tianxia(all-under-heaven)worldview”.Through theoretical construction,this study defines the concept of“Tianxia worldview”and extensively examines the distinctions and connections between the broadminded“Tianxia worldview”and the kinship-centered“differential mode of association”in terms of internal structure,value orientation,and applicable groups.It is posited that the transition from the former to the latter is a continuous process of transcendence and evolution of the individual mindset.This study has theoretical significance in the context of advancing the research on the Chinese entrepreneurial spirit,transcending the constraints of the management approach based on the“differential mode of association”,and enhancing the research on social responsibility from the perspective of“benefit corporations”.It also has practical value in overcoming the trust dilemma and development impediment of family businesses,ensuring that enterprises consciously fulfill their social responsibilities in a broader social context,and achieving common prosperity and progress for both enterprises and society.
文摘How to deal with differences is a question that any political body must respond to.The individualist perspective emphasizes that actors will adopt measures to exclude or even eliminate divergent claims in order to gain control over interests power or statutory policy,but the rich experience of traditional Chinese scholar officials offers the possibility of going beyond the limitations of this perspective.The perspective of“tianxia qingshi(world circumstances)”as a new narrative reveals a unique practical logic and dynamic mechanism in Chinese political civilization that have been overlooked by the individualist perspective.The“Green Sprouts policy(qing miao fa)polemic”in the early years of the New Policies era of the Northern Song dynasty(960-1127)presents a historical situation that has not been given full attention by existing research.
文摘The cognition of borderland landscape constitutes an important aspect of understanding the overall geographical order and its internal structure,and is also one of the important contents of the intellectual history of frontier thought.It can facilitate us to think about the geographical spatial correlation of the relations between Chinese borderland regions,and further form a comprehensive control of the spatiotemporal structure of a certain borderland region.As an important ecological transition zone in China,the Xilin Gol region of Inner Mongolia is surrounded by unique cultural-geographical landscapes,such as the source of the Luanhe River,Yuan Dadu ruins,Duolun Huizong Temple and etc.It constitutes an important entry point for us to understand the unique landscape across the trans-Great Wall zone,and thus to understand the spatiotemporal correlation of the Yuan-Ming-Qing dynasties,the Tianxia space as a whole and its contemporary symbolic significance.This paper will conduct a specific discussion and interpretation focusing on this main issue,so as to propose corresponding broader perspectives addressing the issue.
文摘The topic of the paper is the Chinese view of world order and the concept of Tianxia （all under heaven ）. The objective is to analyze how contemporary Chinese scholars currently discuss and perceive this concept. In fact, several Chinese scholars are proposing to replace the existing international system with an updated version of the Tianxia system. This paper will describe the salient characteristics of Tianxia as an ideal and practice in China since early times, and examine recent Chinese literature on this subject. It will also analyze the related debate on the existence of a Chinese International Relations Theory（IRT）. The formation of an autonomous IRT would epitomize a new and clearer definition of the Chinese role in the international framework.
文摘The concept of tianxia （all under heaven） had both a broad and a narrow meaning in traditional China, corresponding respectively to ＂the world＂ and ＂China.＂ It was generally believed that China＇s recent history saw a process in which tianxia contracted into a ＂state.＂ However, if we put the emphasis on what the Chinese literati had in mind, the process was more of a transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ Kang Youwei creatively transformed Gongyang＇s idea of the ＂Three Worlds＂ from a diachronic to a synchronic concept, facilitating a smooth transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ However, China was excluded fi-om the Western-dominated ＂world＂ system. The Chinese literati＇s yearning to become a part of＂the world,＂ and their endeavor to earn China a better position in the world, involved a hesitant process of exploration.
