A history of the formation of the first Buddhist Sangha in Japan in VI c. A.D. could serve as an example of the unique history of interaction between Buddhism and Japanese autochthonous religion Shinto. The first Budd...A history of the formation of the first Buddhist Sangha in Japan in VI c. A.D. could serve as an example of the unique history of interaction between Buddhism and Japanese autochthonous religion Shinto. The first Buddhist Sangha in Japan, at the same time was also a female Buddhist community of nuns in this country. It could be assumed that the choice of the women, designed to embody the Dharma in Japan, was not accidental and was driven by the perception of the Buddha image at the time of its introduction in Japan in VI century, especially to compare with the hagiographies of Tibetan yoginis (Machig LabdrSn, Yeshe Tsogyal) and Chinese nuns ("Bikuni Zhuan") of V-VII cc. With a number of similarities (persecutions of the anti-Buddhists, desire to receive a full knowledge of Dharma), the information of the first Japanese nuns still differ considerably from the hagiographies of yoginis and Chinese Buddhist nuns. The activity of first Japanese nuns, consisted in the worship of the statue of the Buddha, rather remind the shamanistic responsibilities of the Shinto priestesses, who were the intermediates between people and gods. This is reflected in the early Japanese description of Buddhist monks and nuns in Nihon ShOki, Gangoji Garan Engi and Nihon ryOiM as the Shamanistic priests and guardians of the Buddha-imase with a special magical status, rather than the preachers of Dharma, in comparison with the Tibetan and Chinese sources.展开更多
Among various arts and crafts in Tibet, painting appears to enjoy a uniquely crucial position in both the religious centres and the lives of ordinary Tibetan people. This paper examines the traditional techniques, met...Among various arts and crafts in Tibet, painting appears to enjoy a uniquely crucial position in both the religious centres and the lives of ordinary Tibetan people. This paper examines the traditional techniques, methods, and materials used in Tibetan (Tantric) Buddhist painting by observing its working process at first hand, and having attended a number of its exhibitions, art workshops, and other resources both at home and overseas. The survey of the technical aspect of Tibetan painting is primarily based upon the general usage of materials, as well as the method and the usual order of their application that relates to most kinds of mural paintings in Tibet, and which are less well-known in the West This paper aims to present a rich and somewhat complicated range of methods and materials of Tibetan (Tantric] Buddhist art tradition. To its end, the author hopes it also provides more indication of its possible influence of the traditional artistic wealth in Tibet on contemporary artists working in relation to this culture.展开更多
There are numer-ous Buddhist monasteries in Tibetan areas. Among the bestknown are Labrang and Langmu monasteries in Gan-nan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Tar (Kumbum) Monastery in Qinghai Province and ...There are numer-ous Buddhist monasteries in Tibetan areas. Among the bestknown are Labrang and Langmu monasteries in Gan-nan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Tar (Kumbum) Monastery in Qinghai Province and Tashil-hunpo in Tibet Autonomous Region.展开更多
The illustrations for Tibetan sutras are coloured in two ways:in black and white or colours-the monotone illustrations accompanying Tibetan characters and usually engraved on woodblocks.The illustrations are often sho...The illustrations for Tibetan sutras are coloured in two ways:in black and white or colours-the monotone illustrations accompanying Tibetan characters and usually engraved on woodblocks.The illustrations are often showed on the cover pages or two sides of the head pages of sutras; they are frequently displayed at two frames and in the middle of end pages.In this paper,I am going to introduce展开更多
文摘A history of the formation of the first Buddhist Sangha in Japan in VI c. A.D. could serve as an example of the unique history of interaction between Buddhism and Japanese autochthonous religion Shinto. The first Buddhist Sangha in Japan, at the same time was also a female Buddhist community of nuns in this country. It could be assumed that the choice of the women, designed to embody the Dharma in Japan, was not accidental and was driven by the perception of the Buddha image at the time of its introduction in Japan in VI century, especially to compare with the hagiographies of Tibetan yoginis (Machig LabdrSn, Yeshe Tsogyal) and Chinese nuns ("Bikuni Zhuan") of V-VII cc. With a number of similarities (persecutions of the anti-Buddhists, desire to receive a full knowledge of Dharma), the information of the first Japanese nuns still differ considerably from the hagiographies of yoginis and Chinese Buddhist nuns. The activity of first Japanese nuns, consisted in the worship of the statue of the Buddha, rather remind the shamanistic responsibilities of the Shinto priestesses, who were the intermediates between people and gods. This is reflected in the early Japanese description of Buddhist monks and nuns in Nihon ShOki, Gangoji Garan Engi and Nihon ryOiM as the Shamanistic priests and guardians of the Buddha-imase with a special magical status, rather than the preachers of Dharma, in comparison with the Tibetan and Chinese sources.
文摘Among various arts and crafts in Tibet, painting appears to enjoy a uniquely crucial position in both the religious centres and the lives of ordinary Tibetan people. This paper examines the traditional techniques, methods, and materials used in Tibetan (Tantric) Buddhist painting by observing its working process at first hand, and having attended a number of its exhibitions, art workshops, and other resources both at home and overseas. The survey of the technical aspect of Tibetan painting is primarily based upon the general usage of materials, as well as the method and the usual order of their application that relates to most kinds of mural paintings in Tibet, and which are less well-known in the West This paper aims to present a rich and somewhat complicated range of methods and materials of Tibetan (Tantric] Buddhist art tradition. To its end, the author hopes it also provides more indication of its possible influence of the traditional artistic wealth in Tibet on contemporary artists working in relation to this culture.
文摘There are numer-ous Buddhist monasteries in Tibetan areas. Among the bestknown are Labrang and Langmu monasteries in Gan-nan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Tar (Kumbum) Monastery in Qinghai Province and Tashil-hunpo in Tibet Autonomous Region.
文摘The illustrations for Tibetan sutras are coloured in two ways:in black and white or colours-the monotone illustrations accompanying Tibetan characters and usually engraved on woodblocks.The illustrations are often showed on the cover pages or two sides of the head pages of sutras; they are frequently displayed at two frames and in the middle of end pages.In this paper,I am going to introduce