Study on the Vegetation Landscape Pattern of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province

This study aimed to provide theoretical bases for optimized land use in minority settlements at high altitude. On the basis of forest form map and land use type map (1∶250 000) of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province in 2007, this study carried out further analysis and assessment on the landscape pattern and fragmentation degree of Ganzi from the perspective of overall landscape characteristics, area and perimeter of patches, quantity and fractal dimension of patches and so on with the support of geo-info systematical software ArcCIS and landscape structure analysis software Fragstats. The results showed that among all landscape elements alpine meadow and evergreen broad-leaved shrubs take up a larger part as temperate and cool temperate grassland and marsh are scattered with small areas; deciduous and broad-leaved as well as their mixed forest have higher landscape fragmentation degree, on the whole, the fragmentation degree of forest type is higher than that of meadow and shrub; fractal dimensions of landscape components are all small and tend to 1, which indicates that the folded degree of all landscape boundaries are small.

Influence of the Tibetan Plateau on the Summer Climate Patterns over Asia in the IAP/LASG SAMIL Model

A series of numerical experiments are carried out by using the Spectral Atmospheric Model of State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （SAMIL） to investigate how the Tibetan Plateau （TP） mechanical and thermal forcing affect the circulation and climate patterns over subtropical Asia. It is shown that, compared to mechanical forcing, the thermal forcing of TP plays a dominant role in determining the large-scale circulation in summer. Both the sensible heating and the latent heating over TP tend to generate a surface cyclonic circulation and a gigantic anticyclonic circulation in the mid- and upper layers, whereas the direct effect of the latter is much more significant. Following a requirement of the time-mean quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation for large-scale air motion in the subtropics, convergent flow and vigorous ascending motion must appear to the east of TP. Hence the summer monsoon in East China is reinforced efficiently by TP. In contrast, the atmosphere to the west of TP is characterized by divergent flow and downward motion, which induces the arid climate in Mid-Asia.

Habitat use and diel activity pattern of the Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus):a case study using camera traps for surveying high-elevation bird species

Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the difficulties of conducting field research in the harsh climate and habitat present at high elevations.The Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus) is a little-known phasianid distributing in alpine areas at extremely high elevations in the mountains surrounding the Tibetan Plateau.Estimating the species occupancy rate and discussing the factors affecting its distribution based on infrared-triggered camera techniques would provide both a baseline to measure the influence of global warming and valuable information on its conservation and ecology.Methods:We used infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the Tibetan Snowcock on the western slope of Mt.Gongga from June to November 2016.We used the R package "overlap" to visualize its activity pattern,and used an occupancy model to both examine its habitat use as well as to determine the most influential variables affecting its habitat use.Results:Using 103 camera traps over 9213 camera-days,we recorded 428 instances of Tibetan Snowcock.The diel activity peaks of Tibetan Snowcock occurred during the periods of 8:00-10:00 am and 18:00-20:00 pm.The model estimate of occupancy for Tibetan Snowcock(0.830) was slightly higher than the na?ve site occupancy based on camera detections(0.663),indicating a wider use of habitat than the camera traps recorded.Elevation,slope,settlement density,road density,and EVI(enhanced vegetation index) were the most influential variables for its habitat use.Conclusions:The Tibetan Snowcock is confirmed to be diurnal.This species prefers an environment with a high elevation,gentle slope,and low EVI,apparently facing a trade-off between predator risk,foraging efficiency,and food availability.When human impact was low,there was a positive correlation between the habitat use of the Tibetan Snowcock and both its road and settlement densities.Infrared cameras and proper survey design are valuable for investigating extreme alpine phasianids.

Greening Patterns of Tibetan Courtyards in Linzhi City

Through investigating Tibetan courtyard landscapes in Linzhi City, Tibet, it was found that Tibetan courtyards attached more importance to flower plants and garden crops, focused on natural style and easy maintenance, but not pruning; Tibetan courtyard landscaping valued shape, color, flower season and visual aesthetics of fl owers, tried to build "gardens" with fl ower confi guration as the major content, similar aesthetic concepts and landscaping style with European gardens; moreover, it paid more attention to plants, but not waterscape design; in Tibetan gardens, lawns occupied a secondary position next to fl owering plants, fruit trees and garden crops.

Tourist behavior patterns in the ecotourism destination in the west of China: A case study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

This study takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the place of case study and tourists as research objects. From the perspectives of geographical distribution of source tourist markets, Tourist activity behavioral and spatial patterns of Tourists, this study looks into the geographical structure of the source tourists and spatial patterns by geography. The analysis of 341 questionnaires on tourists shows that:(1) The tourism cycle of Gannan is in the development phase, competing with adjacent Aba, and greatly impacted by the substitution effect and shadow effect of Aba.(2) The spatial distribution of tourist sources is concentrated, indicating that Gannan is a regional tourism destination. The temporal distance of tourists is mainly concentrated within the 6-hour traffi c circle.(3) Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has already become the composite tourist destination dominated by leisure vacation. The minority folkcustom and special landscape are the most attractive tourism resources. Due to the impact of man-land harmonious lifestyle in the tourist areas, the environmental attitude of tourists is improved, and the transportation and shopping are the most vulnerable links in tourism service in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.(4) The spatial behavior of tourists in Gannan is mainly of single-destination style(52%), Transit leg and circle tour style(7%) as well as circle tour style(41%). The spatial distribution of tourist fl ow in Gannan shows a signifi cant feature "more in the north, less in the south and dependent on National Road". Tourism resources, transport facilities, regional competition and lack of route connecting different ecological units are important causes of the spatial distribution of self-help tourists.

Summertime Atmospheric Teleconnection Pattern Associated with a Warming over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

By using a surface air temperature index （SATI） averaged over the eastern Tibetan Plateau （TP）, investigation is conducted on the short-term climate variation associated with the interannual air warming （or cooling） over the TP in each summer month. Evidence suggests that the SATI is associated with a consistent teleconnection pattern extending from the TP to central-western Asia and southeastern Europe. Associated rainfall changes include, for a warming case, a drought in northern India in May and June, and a stronger mei-yu front in June. The latter is due to an intensified upper-level northeasterly in eastern China and a wetter and warmer condition over the eastern TP. In the East Asian regions, the time-space distributions of the correlation patterns between SATI and rainfall are more complex and exhibit large differences from month to month. Some studies have revealed a close relationship between the anomalous heating over the TP and the rainfall anomaly along the Yangtze River valley appearing in the summer on a seasonal mean time-scale, whereas in the present study, this relationship only appears in June and the signal＇s significance becomes weaker after the long-term trend in the data was excluded. Close correlations between SATI and the convection activity and SST also occur in the western Pacific in July and August： A zonally-elongated warm tone in the SST in the northwestern Pacific seems to be a passive response of the associated circulation related to a warm SATI. The SATI-associated teleconnection pattern provides a scenario consistently linking the broad summer rainfall anomalies in Europe, central-western Asia, India, and East Asia.

Early Uplift History of the Tibetan Plateau:Records from Paleocurrents and Paleodrainage in the Hoh Xil Basin

Paleocurrent indicator data collected in field work were used to study the early Cenozoic regional paleodrainage patterns in the Hob Xil basin in northern Tibetan plateau. The paleocurrent directions of the Eocene Fenghuoshan Group obviously show that the flows were northward with a unidirectional dispersal pattern. This probably reflects the uplift of the Qiangtang terrain during the initial basin deposition period and indicates that the Tanggula Moutains occurred as topographic highlands at least in the Eocene. Paleoflows of the Oligocene Yaxicuo Group were dominantly oriented to the north and then flowed eastwards during its late deposition. This regional variability of paleodrainage patterns of the Yaxicuo Group is interpreted to record the dispersal style of sediments from transverse rivers to longitudinal river systems. It is inferred that the Oligocene uplift of the Kunlun Mountains obstructed by northward paleoflows and created longitudinal river systems parallel to the orogenic belts. The temporal and spatial changes of the paleodrainage patterns suggest that the northern boundary of the Tibetan plateau during the early Cenozoic was situated in the Hoh Xil area and its uplift has progressed northwards through time.

Characterizing the Mass Elevation Effect across the Tibetan Plateau

It is over 110 years since the term Mass Elevation Effect(MEE) was proposed by A. D. Quervain in 1904. The quantitative study of MEE has been explored in the Tibetan Plateau in recent years; however, the spatial distribution of MEE and its impact on the ecological pattern of the plateau are seldom known. In this study, we used a new method to estimate MEE in different regions of the plateau, and, then analyzed the distribution pattern of MEE, and the relationships among MEE, climate, and the altitudinal distribution of timberlines and snowlines in the Plateau. The main results are as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of MEE in the Tibetan Plateau roughly takes on an eccentric ellipse in northwestsoutheast trend. The Chang Tang Plateau and the middle part of the Kunlun Mountains are the core area of MEE, where occurs the highest MEE of above 11℃; and MEE tends to decreases from this core area northwestward, northeastward and southward;(2) The distance away from the core zone of the plateau is also a very important factor for MEE magnitude, because MEE is obviously higher in the interior than in the exterior of the plateau even with similar mountain base elevation(MBE).(3) The impacts of MEE on the altitudinal distribution of timberlines and snowlines are similar, i.e., the higher the MEE, the higher timberlines and snowlines. The highest timberline(4600–4800 m) appears in the lakes and basins north of the Himalayas and in the upper and middle reach valleys of the Yarlung Zangbo River, where the estimated MEE is 10.2822℃–10.6904℃. The highest snowline(6000–6200 m) occurs in the southwest of the Chang Tang Plateau, where the estimated MEE is 11.2059°C–11.5488℃.

Pollen-based reconstructions of Holocene vegetation and climatic change of Tibetan Plateau

A synthesis of Holocene pollen records from the Tibetan Plateau shows the history of vegetation and climatic changes during the Holocene. Palynological evidences from 24 cores/sections have been compiled and show that the vegetation shifted from subalpine/alpine conifer forest to subalpine/alpine evergreen sclerophyllous forest in the southeastern part of the plateau; from alpine steppe to alpine desert in the central, western and northern part; and from alpine meadow to alpine steppe in the eastern and southern plateau regions during the Holocene. These records show that increases in precipitation began about 9 ka from the southeast, and a wide ranging level of increased humidity developed over the entire of the plateau around 8-7 ka, followed by aridity from 6 ka and a continuous drying over the plateau after 4-3 ka. The changes in Holocene climates of the plateau can be interpreted qualitatively as a response to orbital forcing and its secondary effects on the Indian Monsoon which expanded northwards during the early Holocene and retreated from the plateau since the mid-Holocene. Also, there is teleconnection between the Tibetan Plateau and North Atlantic.

Impact of Topography and Land-Sea Distribution on East Asian Paleoenvironmental Patterns

Much geological research has illustrated the transition of paleoenvironmental patterns during the Cenozoic from a planetary-wind-dominant type to a monsoon-dominant type, indicating the initiation of the East Asian monsoon and inland-type aridity. However, there is a dispute about the causes and mechanisms of the transition, especially about the impact of the Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat, Thirty numerical sensitivity experiments under different land-sea distributions and Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau topography conditions are performed here to simulate the evolution of climate belts with emphasis on changes in the rain band, and these are compared with the changes in the paleoenvironmental patterns during the Cenozoic recovered by geological records. The consistency between simulations and the geological evidence indicates that both the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat play important roles in the formation of the monsoon-dominant environmental pattern. Furthermore, the simulations show the monsoon-dominant environmental pattern comes into being when the Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau reaches 1000-2000 m high and the Paratethys Sea retreats to the Turan Plate.

青藏高原东南缘昆虫多样性的海拔梯度格局研究

为阐明青藏高原地区昆虫多样性与海拔梯度间的相关性,在青藏高原东南缘的迪庆藏族自治州开展了昆虫多样性的海拔梯度格局研究,调查海拔范围为1600~3800 m。基于alpha多样性指数和Jaccard相似性系数,使用回归分析、主成分分析和beta多样性分解等方法探讨了海拔梯度对昆虫多样性分布格局的影响。结果表明:①青藏高原东南缘具有较高的昆虫多样性,4次野外调查共采集到昆虫5141头,隶属于13目80科;不同海拔梯度上的昆虫群落组成具有差异,相比于高海拔区域,低海拔区域拥有更多的昆虫类群,这可能是由于低海拔地区具有较好的水热条件和生境异质性,可为不同昆虫类群提供适宜生境。②昆虫alpha多样性指数随海拔的升高而降低,可能是由海拔升高引起的温度降低以及植被类型的转变导致。③不同海拔梯度间昆虫群落Jaccard相似性系数在0.36~0.56之间,均表现为中等不相似或中等相似;除低海拔区域外,相邻海拔梯度间昆虫群落的相似性随海拔升高而逐渐降低,这一趋势可能是由海拔梯度升高带来的环境压力改变以及物种对特定海拔的适应性分化引起的。研究显示,青藏高原东南缘的昆虫多样性分布格局受海拔梯度显著影响,低海拔地区具有更高的昆虫多样性,不同海拔梯度具有各自的优势昆虫类群,不同海拔梯度间的多样性差异主要是由于周转而非嵌套导致。该研究结果可为青藏高原昆虫多样性保护提供重要科学依据。

康巴藏区藏族家具纹样数字化保护及创新应用研究

从服务设计角度出发,基于康巴藏族纹样的资源梳理,对其家具纹样进行数字化保护研究,挖掘其纹样的现代创新应用形式。拟采用文献研究、田野调查等方法剖析康巴藏族家具类型与纹样审美特点,在此基础上提出数字化保护策略,利用计算机技术对家具纹样进行数字化采集、分析、处理和保存,并引入服务设计工具和方法对其进行实践论证,进一步构建康巴藏族家具纹样数字化保护服务平台,实现纹样资源的有效共享和数据应用,完成对传统民族纹样的现代化保护与创新设计。借此生成一条利用新技术和数字化手段进行纹样保护与应用的新路径,探索传统文化在新时代的转型方式,推动文化创意产业的创新发展。

藏羌传统纹样在鞋类设计中的应用

文章详细阐述了藏羌传统纹样的艺术特点及其深厚的审美价值,并结合具体的设计案例,提出将藏羌传统纹样巧妙地融入鞋类设计的实践中,提升产品的艺术价值和文化内涵。旨在探索更多创新应用方法,推动传统与现代设计的融合,为鞋类设计领域注入新的创意与活力。

基于知识图谱的香格里拉藏区民居装饰可视化分析

香格里拉藏区被誉为“离天堂最近的地方”,民居建筑装饰不仅是藏族悠久历史传统文化的现实印证,而且是藏族建筑文化的重要组成部分,其在装饰图案纹样上尤为绚丽多姿,向人们展示着神秘的美感。文章从装饰题材、纹样、装饰手法上进行总结分析,将CNKI数据库内有关藏族民居装饰领域的中文文献整合得出其发展历程的时区图,以保护和发扬藏族民居装饰艺术以及藏族民居建筑装饰传统文化为目的,为其传承和发展提出理论依据,从而促使香格里拉藏区民居装饰焕发新活力展现新的独特魅力。

探析藏式纹样在尼西黑陶中的质朴之美

尼西汤堆制陶历史悠久,早在西周时期便已有制陶业,民国时期最为鼎盛。尼西黑陶则是中国藏区的一种传统陶器,而藏族传统纹样则是藏族文化的重要组成部分。因此,应用和研究藏族传统纹样将有助于丰富尼西黑陶的艺术价值,并促进藏族文化的传承和发展。

藏毯装饰艺术在文创产品中的创新设计

藏毯因其材质柔软、色彩绚丽、图案丰富等特点被列为世界三大名毯,其编织技艺也被纳入非物质文化遗产名录。不论是传统工艺手法还是艺术审美价值,藏毯在少数民族工艺品类中都具有重要地位。以藏毯中的装饰艺术为例,从图案元素、色彩搭配、构图方式等方面,系统探究了藏毯装饰艺术的特点。并以此为设计点,将藏式风格的纹样运用于现代文创产品的设计中,为宣扬藏民族文化内涵、扩大藏式风格产品类别、刺激藏区经济发展作出贡献。

基于藏文音节结构的单模式匹配算法

字符比较次数和失配后的跳转长度是影响模式(字符串)匹配算法效率的两个关键因素。BM算法是最经典的单模式字符串匹配算法之一。在长度为m的模式串中,其失配后的最大跳转长度为m,但是在应用于藏文环境时无意义字符比较次数较多、最大跳转长度还可增加。针对以上两点不足并结合藏文的文字特征,提出一种基于藏文音节点的单模式匹配算法:BM-Tibetan算法。算法采用“先对齐,再匹配”的思想以减少匹配次数,失配后的最大跳转距离为m+k(2≤k≤8)。实验结果表明,BM-Tibetan算法的字符比较次数和模式串的移动次数均少于BM算法,算法性能有一定优势。

基于Maxent模型的青藏高原优势种草分布格局模拟研究

以青藏高原嵩草、苔草、针茅3种优势种草为研究对象,通过植物标本库查询得到草地标本点位数据,选取气候、土壤质地、地形为环境因子,运用Maxent模型模拟出每种优势种草的分布格局,并运用刀切法筛选出主导环境因子,探讨主导环境因子对不同优势种草分布的影响与内在机制。结果表明,最冷季降水量、温度季节性变化标准差、年降水量、海拔是嵩草分布的主导环境因子(累计贡献率>80%);最冷季降水量、最暖季均温、年降水量、海拔对苔草分布贡献较大(累计贡献率82.55%);最暖季降水量、年均温、坡度、海拔对针茅分布影响较大(累计贡献率73.47%)。土壤质地对3种草分布影响很小(累计贡献率<5%)。总体上,生长季水热综合条件是制约青藏高原优势物种分布的最主要气候因子。

自拟益气止咳方对肺脾气虚证大鼠的药效及其机制

目的探索自拟益气止咳方对肺脾气虚证大鼠的影响及其机制。方法将60只SPF级健康SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组(n=12)和造模组(n=48),造模组以脂多糖气管滴注加烟熏建立肺气虚证模型,烟熏2周后番泻叶灌胃建立脾气虚证模型。4周后,造模组大鼠随机分为模型组(灌胃等体积生理盐水)、阳性对照组(灌胃香砂六君子丸混悬液2.7 g/kg)及益气止咳方低、高剂量组(灌胃益气止咳方药液2.45、9.8 g/kg),每组12只,均灌胃治疗4周。治疗结束后,称量大鼠体质量;检测抓力观察大鼠肌肉力量;HE染色观察大鼠肺和胃组织病理改变;磷钼酸比色法检测肺、胃、股四头肌组织中腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)含量;ELISA法检测肺和胃组织中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)的含量。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量、抓力均降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);肺组织小支气管管壁充血、炎症细胞浸润,黏膜上皮细胞纤毛粘连、倒伏,甚或脱落,管腔内有炎性渗出物,胃黏膜出现腺体排列不规则、炎症细胞浸润等现象;肺、胃和股四头肌组织中ATP含量降低(P<0.01);肺和胃组织中TNF-α和IL-8含量升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,益气止咳方低、高剂量组大鼠体质量和抓力增加(P<0.01);肺组织中炎症细胞浸润改善,管壁增厚减轻,炎性渗出物及充血减轻,胃组织中腺体层数增加,排列较整齐,炎症细胞浸润减少;肺、胃和股四头肌组织中ATP的含量增加(P<0.01或P<0.05),肺和胃中TNF-α和IL-8的含量减少(P<0.01)。结论自拟益气止咳方能有效改善肺脾气虚证大鼠的临床症状,其机制可能与抑制炎症反应、促进ATP合成有关。

5月中国土壤湿度异常对7月华南-青藏高原东部偶极子型降水年际变化的影响

利用1979—2019年ERA5再分析资料和站点降水资料,研究了5月中国土壤湿度异常对7月华南和青藏高原东部偶极子型降水年际变化的影响及其可能的物理过程。结果表明,当5月青藏高原土壤湿度偏湿,华中地区土壤湿度偏干时,对应7月华南(高原东部)降水偏多(偏少),两地降水呈偶极子型分布。通过进一步的诊断分析发现,青藏高原(华中地区)土壤湿度正(负)异常可从5月持续至7月,使得7月中国北方地区地表湍流热通量正异常,进而使得对流层中低层大气增暖,中国北方与贝加尔湖之间经向温度梯度和大气斜压性增强,天气尺度的瞬变波活动增强。通过瞬变的涡度强迫有利于中国北方及蒙古地区准正压异常高压和Rossby波波源的形成,相关的Rossby波向东南方向传播至我国南方,使得华南地区出现准正压结构的异常低压,有利于西北太平洋副热带高压东移,南亚高压西移。对应中国北方及蒙古-华南地区对流层中低层为反气旋-气旋式环流异常,进而导致华南地区(高原东部)降水增多(减少)。此外,中国北方-蒙古地区的异常高压与局地偏干的土壤湿度之间的正反馈过程,有利于上述物理过程的维持和增强,进而有利于7月偶极子降水的异常,反之亦然。