BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),a mosquito borne flavivirus,is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia,in terms of frequency and severity.JEV infection is thought to confer lifelong immunity.With t...BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),a mosquito borne flavivirus,is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia,in terms of frequency and severity.JEV infection is thought to confer lifelong immunity.With the near eradication of poliomyelitis,JEV is now the continent’s leading cause of childhood viral neurologic infection and disability.The most common clinical manifestation of JEV infection is acute encephalitis,and currently there is no specific antiviral therapy.Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine(JE-VC)is an effective prevention measure,including JE-VC,Live(JE-MB),and Inactivated JE-VC.CASE SUMMARY A 9-mo-old girl received injection of Inactivated JE-VC(Vero cell)(Liaoning Chengda,batch number 201611B17)on August 31,2017.On that night,she developed a fever with the body temperature up to 38.5°C,for which Ibuprofen Suspension Drops 1.25 mL was given as antipyretic treatment.On September 1,the patient developed apocleisis,and her parents noticed herpes in her oral cavity.The patient was sent to our hospital on September 3.Physical examination led to a diagnosis of herpetic stomatitis,for which Stomatitis Spray 1 puff,tid,Kangfuxin Liquid 2 mL,tid,and vitamin B20.5 tablet,tid,were prescribed.Routine blood tests for low fever on September 6,2017 revealed an absolute neutrophil count(ANC)of 0.62×109/L,hemoglobin(Hb)of 109 g/L,and platelet count(PLT)of 308×10^(12)/L,and the tests were monitored regularly thereafter.The patient was followed until July 26,2020,when routine blood tests revealed ANC 1.72×109/L,Hb 138 g/L,and PLT 309×1012/L,indicating that the neutropenia count had normalized.CONCLUSION This report attempts to bring to clinical attention that Inactivated JE-VC(Vero cell)might cause prolonged granulocytopenia or even agranulocytosis.展开更多
Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. During the last few decades the incidence of the disease has...Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. During the last few decades the incidence of the disease has been increasing and poses a growing health problem in almost all endemic European and Asian countries. Most cases occur during the highest period of tick activity, in Central Europe mainly from April to November. Tickborne encephalitis is more common in adults than in children. Clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from mild meningitis to severe meningoencephalitis with or without paralysis. Rare clinical manifestations are an abortive form of the disease and a chronic progressive form. A post-encephalitic syndrome, causing long-lasting morbidity that often affects the quality of life develops in up to 50% of patients after acute tick-borne encephalitis. Clinical course and outcome vary by subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus(the disease caused by the European subtype has milder course and better outcome than the disease caused by Siberian and Far-Easter subtypes), age of patients(increasing age is associated with less favorable outcome), and host genetic factors. Since clinical features and laboratory results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid are nonspecific, the diagnosis must be confirmed by microbiologic findings. The routine laboratory confirmation of the tick-borne encephalitis virus infection is based mainly on the detection of specific Ig M and Ig G antibodies in serum(and cerebrospinal fluid), usually by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There is no specific antiviral treatment for tick-borne encephalitis. Vaccination can effectively prevent the disease and is indicated for persons living in or visiting tick-borne encephalitis endemic areas.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to establish the contemporary epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Guizhou Province. Methods A retrospective study of National Notifiable Disease Report...Objective The aim of the study was to establish the contemporary epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Guizhou Province. Methods A retrospective study of National Notifiable Disease Reporting System （NNDRS） data from 2971 through 2009, was conducted to ascertain the geographical, seasonal, and age distributions of JE incidence in Guizhou Province, China. Results A total of 68 425 JE cases were reported in Guizhou from 1971-2009. The JE cases occurred sporadically in all 9 prefectures of Guizhou, mostly among residents of rural areas. Seasonal distribution of JE remained consistent over the period from 1971-2009 with the main transmission season starting from June to September and peaking in August. JE occurred mainly in children under the age of 15 years with peak incidence in the 0-6-year age group. Pearson＇s correlation analysis showed that JE vaccine distribution had a negative correlation with JE incidence rates during 1971-2009 （coefficient of correlation=-0.475, P〈O.01）. Conclusion Over the period of 1971-2009, the JE incidence rate had declined dramatically in terms of geographical and age distributions due to JE vaccination to children at risk.展开更多
Objective To explore on the immunity of live attenuated Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine (SA14-14-2) to different wild JE virus (JEV) strains.Methods The neutralizing effect of the vaccine against different wild JE ...Objective To explore on the immunity of live attenuated Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine (SA14-14-2) to different wild JE virus (JEV) strains.Methods The neutralizing effect of the vaccine against different wild JE virus strains was detected by plaque reduction neutralization test ( PRNT), and the immunogenicity was studied on mice by vaccination - challenge protection test. In the PRNT , pooled sera from vaccinated human were tested against 10 strains of JEV , one isolated in Taiwan and 9 from other Asian countries. In the vaccination challenge test, mice received one dose of the live vaccine subcutaneously and were challenged intraperitoneally 14 days later against 22 JEV virus strains, 11 were isolated in China and the other 11 from Tailand, Vietnahailam, Indonesia, India, Philippines and Japan.Results The protection rates to all the 22 challenge virus were 90% -100% when 340 PFU/0.1 ml vaccinate virus was administered. The neutralizing effect showed that all the JEV isolates many have neutralized by the sera.Conclusion SA14-14-2 live attenuated prepared with strain SA14-14-2 is broadly immunogenic and mav have effective protection against in Asian JE affected countries.展开更多
Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)is an important tick-borne pathogen that poses as a serious public health concern.The coverage and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines against TBEV are relatively low;...Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)is an important tick-borne pathogen that poses as a serious public health concern.The coverage and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines against TBEV are relatively low;therefore,it is crucial to develop novel and effective vaccines against TBEV.The present study describes a novel strategy for the assembly of virus-like particles(VLPs)by co-expressing the structural(core/prM/E)and non-structural(NS2B/NS3Pro)proteins of TBEV.The efficacy of the VLPs was subsequently evaluated in C57BL/6 mice,and the resultant IgG serum could neutralize both Far-Eastern and European subtypes of TBEV.These findings indicated that the VLP-based vaccine elicited the production of cross-subtype reactive antibodies.The VLPs provided protection to mice lacking the type I interferon receptor(IFNAR^(-/-))against lethal TBEV challenge,with undetectable viral load in brain and intestinal tissues.Furthermore,the group that received the VLP vaccine did not exhibit significant pathological changes and the inflammatory factors were significantly suppressed compared to the control group.Immunization with the VLP vaccine induced the production of multiple-cytokine-producing antiviral CD4+T cells in vivo,including TNF-α^(+),IL-2^(+),and IFN-γ^(+)T cells.Altogether,the findings suggest that noninfectious VLPs can serve as a potentially safe and effective vaccine candidate against diverse subtypes of TBEV.展开更多
Tick-borne encephalitis(TBE)is a natural focal disease with fatal encephalitis induced by tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV),seriously threatening human and public health.Protection of TBE depends on vaccination with...Tick-borne encephalitis(TBE)is a natural focal disease with fatal encephalitis induced by tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV),seriously threatening human and public health.Protection of TBE depends on vaccination with inactivated vaccine,which requires high cost and multiple immunizations.Here,we construct genetically engineered bacterial-like particles(BLPs)as an effective TBEV vaccine with simplified immunizations and improved immune efficacy.The TBEV BLPs involve the combination of the gram-positive enhancer matrix from Lactococcus lactis,and TBEV envelope(E)protein expressed by genetically engineered recombinant baculovirus.The prepared TBEV BLPs can effectively stimulate the activation of dendritic cells to present the TBEV E proteins to T and B cells,leading to strong and durable cellular and humoral immune responses in mice.Surprisingly,the serum levels of specific IgG antibodies in mice remain about 10^(6)at 6 months after the secondary immunization.Overall,the TBEV BLPs can be used as a potent vaccine candidate,laying the foundation for developing novel TBEV genetically engineered vaccines.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),a mosquito borne flavivirus,is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia,in terms of frequency and severity.JEV infection is thought to confer lifelong immunity.With the near eradication of poliomyelitis,JEV is now the continent’s leading cause of childhood viral neurologic infection and disability.The most common clinical manifestation of JEV infection is acute encephalitis,and currently there is no specific antiviral therapy.Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine(JE-VC)is an effective prevention measure,including JE-VC,Live(JE-MB),and Inactivated JE-VC.CASE SUMMARY A 9-mo-old girl received injection of Inactivated JE-VC(Vero cell)(Liaoning Chengda,batch number 201611B17)on August 31,2017.On that night,she developed a fever with the body temperature up to 38.5°C,for which Ibuprofen Suspension Drops 1.25 mL was given as antipyretic treatment.On September 1,the patient developed apocleisis,and her parents noticed herpes in her oral cavity.The patient was sent to our hospital on September 3.Physical examination led to a diagnosis of herpetic stomatitis,for which Stomatitis Spray 1 puff,tid,Kangfuxin Liquid 2 mL,tid,and vitamin B20.5 tablet,tid,were prescribed.Routine blood tests for low fever on September 6,2017 revealed an absolute neutrophil count(ANC)of 0.62×109/L,hemoglobin(Hb)of 109 g/L,and platelet count(PLT)of 308×10^(12)/L,and the tests were monitored regularly thereafter.The patient was followed until July 26,2020,when routine blood tests revealed ANC 1.72×109/L,Hb 138 g/L,and PLT 309×1012/L,indicating that the neutropenia count had normalized.CONCLUSION This report attempts to bring to clinical attention that Inactivated JE-VC(Vero cell)might cause prolonged granulocytopenia or even agranulocytosis.
文摘Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. During the last few decades the incidence of the disease has been increasing and poses a growing health problem in almost all endemic European and Asian countries. Most cases occur during the highest period of tick activity, in Central Europe mainly from April to November. Tickborne encephalitis is more common in adults than in children. Clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from mild meningitis to severe meningoencephalitis with or without paralysis. Rare clinical manifestations are an abortive form of the disease and a chronic progressive form. A post-encephalitic syndrome, causing long-lasting morbidity that often affects the quality of life develops in up to 50% of patients after acute tick-borne encephalitis. Clinical course and outcome vary by subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus(the disease caused by the European subtype has milder course and better outcome than the disease caused by Siberian and Far-Easter subtypes), age of patients(increasing age is associated with less favorable outcome), and host genetic factors. Since clinical features and laboratory results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid are nonspecific, the diagnosis must be confirmed by microbiologic findings. The routine laboratory confirmation of the tick-borne encephalitis virus infection is based mainly on the detection of specific Ig M and Ig G antibodies in serum(and cerebrospinal fluid), usually by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There is no specific antiviral treatment for tick-borne encephalitis. Vaccination can effectively prevent the disease and is indicated for persons living in or visiting tick-borne encephalitis endemic areas.
基金supported by a grant from NIP of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to establish the contemporary epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Guizhou Province. Methods A retrospective study of National Notifiable Disease Reporting System （NNDRS） data from 2971 through 2009, was conducted to ascertain the geographical, seasonal, and age distributions of JE incidence in Guizhou Province, China. Results A total of 68 425 JE cases were reported in Guizhou from 1971-2009. The JE cases occurred sporadically in all 9 prefectures of Guizhou, mostly among residents of rural areas. Seasonal distribution of JE remained consistent over the period from 1971-2009 with the main transmission season starting from June to September and peaking in August. JE occurred mainly in children under the age of 15 years with peak incidence in the 0-6-year age group. Pearson＇s correlation analysis showed that JE vaccine distribution had a negative correlation with JE incidence rates during 1971-2009 （coefficient of correlation=-0.475, P〈O.01）. Conclusion Over the period of 1971-2009, the JE incidence rate had declined dramatically in terms of geographical and age distributions due to JE vaccination to children at risk.
文摘Objective To explore on the immunity of live attenuated Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine (SA14-14-2) to different wild JE virus (JEV) strains.Methods The neutralizing effect of the vaccine against different wild JE virus strains was detected by plaque reduction neutralization test ( PRNT), and the immunogenicity was studied on mice by vaccination - challenge protection test. In the PRNT , pooled sera from vaccinated human were tested against 10 strains of JEV , one isolated in Taiwan and 9 from other Asian countries. In the vaccination challenge test, mice received one dose of the live vaccine subcutaneously and were challenged intraperitoneally 14 days later against 22 JEV virus strains, 11 were isolated in China and the other 11 from Tailand, Vietnahailam, Indonesia, India, Philippines and Japan.Results The protection rates to all the 22 challenge virus were 90% -100% when 340 PFU/0.1 ml vaccinate virus was administered. The neutralizing effect showed that all the JEV isolates many have neutralized by the sera.Conclusion SA14-14-2 live attenuated prepared with strain SA14-14-2 is broadly immunogenic and mav have effective protection against in Asian JE affected countries.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2018YFA0507201 to X.W.C.)the National Science Foundation of China(grant number:32000111 to Q.Y.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number:2020T130021ZX to Q.Y.and grant number:2020M672580 to Q.Y.).
文摘Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)is an important tick-borne pathogen that poses as a serious public health concern.The coverage and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines against TBEV are relatively low;therefore,it is crucial to develop novel and effective vaccines against TBEV.The present study describes a novel strategy for the assembly of virus-like particles(VLPs)by co-expressing the structural(core/prM/E)and non-structural(NS2B/NS3Pro)proteins of TBEV.The efficacy of the VLPs was subsequently evaluated in C57BL/6 mice,and the resultant IgG serum could neutralize both Far-Eastern and European subtypes of TBEV.These findings indicated that the VLP-based vaccine elicited the production of cross-subtype reactive antibodies.The VLPs provided protection to mice lacking the type I interferon receptor(IFNAR^(-/-))against lethal TBEV challenge,with undetectable viral load in brain and intestinal tissues.Furthermore,the group that received the VLP vaccine did not exhibit significant pathological changes and the inflammatory factors were significantly suppressed compared to the control group.Immunization with the VLP vaccine induced the production of multiple-cytokine-producing antiviral CD4+T cells in vivo,including TNF-α^(+),IL-2^(+),and IFN-γ^(+)T cells.Altogether,the findings suggest that noninfectious VLPs can serve as a potentially safe and effective vaccine candidate against diverse subtypes of TBEV.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC2600202Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2132020KJC016。
文摘Tick-borne encephalitis(TBE)is a natural focal disease with fatal encephalitis induced by tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV),seriously threatening human and public health.Protection of TBE depends on vaccination with inactivated vaccine,which requires high cost and multiple immunizations.Here,we construct genetically engineered bacterial-like particles(BLPs)as an effective TBEV vaccine with simplified immunizations and improved immune efficacy.The TBEV BLPs involve the combination of the gram-positive enhancer matrix from Lactococcus lactis,and TBEV envelope(E)protein expressed by genetically engineered recombinant baculovirus.The prepared TBEV BLPs can effectively stimulate the activation of dendritic cells to present the TBEV E proteins to T and B cells,leading to strong and durable cellular and humoral immune responses in mice.Surprisingly,the serum levels of specific IgG antibodies in mice remain about 10^(6)at 6 months after the secondary immunization.Overall,the TBEV BLPs can be used as a potent vaccine candidate,laying the foundation for developing novel TBEV genetically engineered vaccines.
