Tidal effects on intra-continental earthquake initiation in the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas

To investigate the tidal effects on intra-continental earthquake initiation in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas,we selected over 1,500 focal mechanism solutions of inland earthquakes(epicenter locates at least 100 km to the coastlines)from Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT)project and analyzed the values of tidal normal and shear stress as well as tidal Coulomb failure stress.For Coulomb failure stress calculation,we used Coulomb 3.40 software.We find that:(1)p-values of tidal stress change suggests a high tidal correlation of earthquake imitations with tidal normal stress change;(2)when tidal normal stress reached the local maximum values of compression and when tidal shear stress were closed to the positive peaks,earthquakes generated more frequently;(3)particular seismogenic environments such as strong continental plate interactions and the existence of fluids or rheologic substance possibly raise the tidal correlations and(4)higher sensitivity of earthquake initiation to earth tide presents along with higher seismicity,suggesting the rate of rain energy accumulation somehow has a dominating effect on the tidal correlation of earthquake initiation.

Tidal effects on temperature iront in the Yellow Sea

Temperature front (TF) is one of the important features in the Yellow Sea, which forms in spring,thrives in summer, and fades in autumn as thermocline declines. TF intensity |ST| is defined to describe the distribution of TF. Based on the MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled model, temperature distribution in the Yellow Sea was simulated with and without tidal effects. Along 36°N, distribution of TF from the simulated results are compared with the observations, and a quantitative analysis is introduced to evaluate the tidal effects on the forming and maintaining processes of the TF. Tidal mixing and the circulation structure adapting to it are the main causes of the TF.

Tidal effects on diel variations of picoplankton and viruses in the Changjiang estuary

Spatial distributions and seasonal variations of picoplankton (i.e. Synechococcus spp., Prochlorococcus spp., picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria) and viruses in the Changjiang estuary have been reported in the past. However, short-term variations (e.g. at a tidal timescale) of these organisms and their regulating factors remain unclear. We determined the time-series of fluctuations of picoplankton and viruses with tide simultaneously in flow cytometry in the Changjiang estuary during a cruise in June 2006, in which a tidal model based rectangle equation was applied. The results indicate that high cell abundances of picoplankton and viruses occurred during flood tide and low cell abundances during ebb tide. The period of the surface cell abundance variations was about 13 h, suggesting the surface cell abundances in the Changjiang estuary were largely regulated by tide. However, cell abundances in middle and bottom waters varied in different periods due to influences of tidal induced physical forces such as resuspension and stratification. Therefore, tidal action is an important factor for the diel variations of picoplankton and viruses in the Changjiang estuary.

Tidal Effects on the Bottom Thermal Front of North Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass near Zhangzi Island in Summer 2009

Three seabed-mounted TD/CTD chains and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in the southwest of Zhangzi Island are used and a simultaneous cruise observation in the northern North Yellow Sea (NYS) is conducted to study temperature variation in the bottom thermal front zone of the NYS Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM) during the summer of 2009. In the flood-ebb tidal cycles, the bottom temperature decreases (increases) during flood (ebb) tides, which are dominated by the tidal-current induced horizontal advection. The ebb tide-induced temperature increase is larger than the flood tide-induced tempera- ture decrease due to seasonal warming. In the spring-neap tidal cycles, the temperature and the vertical temperature structure show notable fortnightly variation from 16 July to 25 August. The bottom temperature increases from neap to spring tides and decreases from spring to neap. The Richardson number demonstrates strengthened vertical mixing during spring tides but enhanced stratifica- tion during neap tides. The spring-neap variation in vertical shear caused by tidal current is the dominant factor that induces the fort- nightly variation in vertical mixing and thus bottom temperature.

Exploring the tidal effect of urban business district with large-scale human mobility data

Business districts are urban areas that have various functions for gathering people,such as work,consumption,leisure and entertainment.Due to the dynamic nature of business activities,there exists significant tidal effect on the boundary and functionality of business districts.Indeed,effectively analyzing the tidal patterns of business districts can benefit the economic and social development of a city.However,with the implicit and complex nature of business district evolution,it is non-trivial for existing works to support the fine-grained and timely analysis on the tidal effect of business districts.To this end,we propose a data-driven and multi-dimensional framework for dynamic business district analysis.Specifically,we use the large-scale human trajectory data in urban areas to dynamically detect and forecast the boundary changes of business districts in different time periods.Then,we detect and forecast the functional changes in business districts.Experimental results on real-world trajectory data clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on detecting and predicting the boundary and functionality change of business districts.Moreover,the analysis on practical business districts shows that our method can discover meaningful patterns and provide interesting insights into the dynamics of business districts.For example,the major functions of business districts will significantly change in different time periods in a day and the rate and magnitude of boundaries varies with the functional distribution of business districts.

TIDAL EFFECTS ON GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS IN COASTAL AQUI-FER UNDER DIFFERENT BEACH SLOPES

The tide induced groundwater fluctuation and the seawater intrusion have important effects on hydrogeology and ecology of coastal aquifers.Among previous studies,there were few quantitative evaluations of the joint effects of the beach slope and the tide fluctuation on the groundwater dynamics.In this article,a numerical model is built by using the software FEFLOW with consideration of seawater intrusion,tide effects,density dependent flow and beach sloping effects.The simulation results are validated by laboratory experimental data in literature.More numerical scenarios are designed in a practical scale with different beach slopes.Results show that the groundwater fluctuation decays exponentially with the distance to the beach,i.e.,,and our simulation further shows that the beach slope influence can be expressed in the form of a logarithm function.While for the same location,the amplitude increases logarithmically with the beach angle in the form,where and are related with the horizontal distance（）in the form of a logarithm function.The beach slope has no influence on the phase lag,although the latter increases regularly with the distance from the sea.The beach slope effect on the seawater intrusion is investigated through the quantitative relationship among the relative intrusion length（）,the relative enhancement of the tide induced seawater intrusion（）and the beach angle（）.It is shown that the tide effects on a milder beach is much greater than on a vertical one,and both λ and κ can be expressed in logarithm functions of.The tidal effect on the flow field in the transition zone for a particular mild beach is also studied,with results showing that the tide induced fluctuation of is similar to the groundwater table fluctuation while shows a distinct variation along both directions.

The assessment of extactable tidal energy and the effect of tidal energy turbine deployment on the hydrodynamics in Zhoushan

In this study, we construct one 2-dimensional tidal simulation, using an unstructured Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model （FVCOM）. In the 2-D model, we simulated the tidal turbines through adding additional bottom drag in the element where the tidal turbines reside. The additional bottom drag was calculated from the relationship of the bottom friction dissipation and the rated rotor efficiency of the tidal energy turbine. This study analyzed the effect of the tidal energy turbine to the hydrodynamic environment, and calculated the amount of the extractable tidal energy resource at the Guishan Hangmen Channel, considering the rotor wake effect.

The effect of internal tides on the vertical structure of tidal current in the North Huanghai Sea

The tidal current is generally predominant in China's offshore areas. The vertical structure of the observedtidal current is quite complicated with the presence of seasonal thermocline. The observed tidal current may be divided into two parts, an averaged barotropic tide current and a variation tide current. A method for studying the vertical structure of tidal current is developed from the constitution and distribution of energy, and the vertical structure of the observed tide current in the North Huanghai Sea is studied on the basis of the method. The result shows that the reason why the energy of the tidal current is concentrated on the neighbourhood of the thermocline mainly lies in the internal tides i under certain conditions, the fact that the direction of the internal tide current above the thermocline is opposite to the one below the thermocline will be able to cause the rotary directions of the observed tidal current above and below the thermocline to be in opposite. The interaction between the averaged barotropic and the variation tide current plays an important role in forming the vertical structure of the tidal current, and it is mainly the interaction that results in the inho-mogeneous distribution of the tide current energy in the entire water column ; the ratio between the total energies of the internal tide current above the thermocline and the variation tide current in the entire water column is greater than the ratio between the total energies of that below the thermocline and the variation's. In a strong internal tide area such as the neighbourhood of Station L4, at diurnal tide frequency, the above-mentioned corresponding ratios are about 38. 82% and 29. 88%, respectively, and the energy of the internal tide current is about 68. 70%of the energy of the variation tide current; at semidiurnal tide frequency, the above-mentioned corresponding ratios are about 26. 61 % and 19. 73% , respectively, and the total internal tide current energy is about 46. 36% of the total variation tide current energy.

黄河三角洲近岸潮汐动力对地貌演变的响应及其沉积效应

近年来自然过程和人类活动显著改变了黄河入海流路以及近岸地貌格局,而剧烈的地貌演变对近岸水动力环境的影响尚未得到充分研究。为厘清近30年来黄河三角洲近岸水文动力格局对地貌演变的响应过程,本文基于Landsat系列遥感影像和多期测深数据,分析了1992-2020年黄河三角洲岸线和地形变化,并采用TELEMAC-2D建立了多套覆盖整个渤海的数值模型,研究了地貌演变对黄河三角洲邻近海域潮汐动力的影响及其沉积效应。结果表明,黄河三角洲近岸冲淤格局呈现显著的时空异质性,分布多个淤积和侵蚀中心,且2000-2020年南侧老清水沟外侵蚀中心向南移动9.6 km,1992-2015年北侧刁口河口外侵蚀中心东移6.4 km。中长时间尺度黄河三角洲岸线和地形变化主导了潮汐动态,三角洲北部刁口河口近岸潮差减小,清水沟河口外潮差增大,5 m水深处的潮差变化增大幅度达0.27 m;黄河口近岸K_1分潮振幅显著增加,M_2分潮振幅明显减小,东营港附近无潮点向东迁移3.8 km。刁口河口和老河口外高流速区持续减弱,现行河口外逐渐发育形成另一高流速区,持续稳定的高流速区造成了水下三角洲的冲刷,南北侧高流速区沉积物粗化。

Modified Saint-Venant equations for flow simulation in tidal rivers

Flow in tidal rivers periodically propagates upstream or downstream under tidal influence. Hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations （the SVN model） are extensively used to model tidal rivers. A force-corrected term expressed as the combination of flow velocity and the change rate of the tidal fevel was developed to represent tidal effects in the SVN model. A momentum equation incorporating with the corrected term was derived based on Newton＇s second law. By combing the modified momentum equation with the continuity equation, an improved SVN model for tidal rivers （the ISVN model） was constructed. The simulation of a tidal reach of the Qiantang River shows that the ISVN model performs better than the SVN model. It indicates that the corrected force derived for tidal effects is reasonable; the ISVN model provides an appropriate enhancement of the SVN model for flow simulation of tidal rivers.

潮汐对闽江感潮河段水体DOM含量及其光谱特征的影响

可溶性有机质(DOM)虽然只占生态系统中有机质的一小部分,但易被微生物利用,在河流生态系统的养分供应与物质循环中具有关键作用。感潮河段的水体可溶性有机质极易受到潮汐作用引起的径流变化影响,但目前对其仍缺乏必要认识。以闽江感潮河段(117 km)为研究对象,在巨潮日分析涨、落潮过程中水体可溶性有机质的含量及其光谱特征变化。结果表明,潮汐作用显著影响距河口20 km范围水体可溶性有机质的含量、结构、组成以及来源,涨潮阶段水体DOC含量的上升程度较落潮增加35.9%,水体CDOM浓度下降程度较落潮增加26.2%,涨潮期近河口可溶性有机质的分子量增加,而芳香化程度降低,内源性增强。综合分析表明,潮汐主要通过促进河水与海水混合的物理过程,影响水体环境、可溶性有机质含量及其稳定性,增强pH、电导率、盐度和溶解氧与可溶性有机质的相关性,但减弱水体温度与可溶性有机质的相关性。这些结果对于深入认识潮汐过程对河流生态系统的影响,了解感潮河段的物质循环规律具有一定的科学意义。

Non-tidal tilt and strain signals recorded at the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa,Thuringia/Germany

Since end of the 90s of the last century the seismological station Moxa was extended and developed into the modern Geodynamic Observatory. It comprises also the new installation of borehole-tilt meters in front of the observatory building and laser-strain meters in the gallery. The question arises how non-tidal signals are displayed in the measured time series. The investigation of such signals which can be caused naturally or man-made, can result in different sensitivities for the various tilt- and strainmeter systems, e.g. regarding barometric pressure impacts and hydrological induced pore pressure effects.

5G波束动态调度应对用户分布潮汐效应

现网中存在较多潮汐特性的场景,用户在特定的时间范围内规律性迁移和聚集,但现有5G基站以固定的波束配置覆盖,无法随业务和人员的聚集而变化,在该场景下最优波束覆盖范围与用户位置存在不匹配的情况,也无法发挥5G有源天线单元(Active Antenna Unit,AAU)能够波束赋形的优势。此类场景的网络优化存在人工无法计算最优波束权值、突发情况网络覆盖应对慢以及人工上塔调整天线成本高等痛点。针对这些痛点,提出波束动态调度方案,通过大数据计算和蚁群算法的应用,实现自动波束寻优,智能识别潮汐场景,自适应调整AAU的广播权值,使同步信号块(Synchronization Signal/PBCH Block,SSB)广播权值始终指向用户集中的区域,从而达到最优的覆盖效果和天线增益。同时,方案在基站突发故障、人员突发聚集等场景也能发挥重要作用,实现5G网络应用发展和用户感知提升的双重目标。

心肺复苏仪按压过程中不同通气模式的效果及对潮气量的影响

目的探讨心肺复苏仪按压过程中不同通气模式的效果及对潮气量的影响,找出自动机械复苏时最佳的机械通气策略。方法选取2022年10月—2023年6月华南理工大学附属第六医院收治的60例心搏骤停患者为研究对象,根据通气模式将患者分为压力控制通气(PCV)模式组(30例)与容量控制通气(VCV)模式组(30例),PCV组设置通气压力12~23 cmH2O;VCV组设置VT=300~750 mL。比较两组的心肺复苏成功率与未成功率、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_(2))水平、心肌功能损伤指标、两组按压前后潮气量(VT)、不同呼吸频率下两组VT。结果VCV组的复苏成功率为73.33%,高于PCV组46.67%(P<0.05);整体分析,两组患者的P_(ET)CO_(2)水平组间、时间、交互比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),VCV组在复苏1 h、复苏2 h的P_(ET)CO_(2)水平均高于PCV组(P<0.05);复苏后2 h,VCV组患者的心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、脑钠肽(BNP)、血乳酸水平均低于PCV组(P<0.05);按压后PCV组患者的VT降低幅度大于VCV组;不同呼吸频率下PCV组实测VT低于VCV组。结论与PCV模式相比,VCV模式下心肺复苏成功率较高,更能改善心肺复苏患者的呼吸功能,减少心肌损伤,同时能更好地控制潮气量,提高通气效果,更好满足患者的通气需求。

Tidal Characteristics in the Wenzhou Offshore Waters and Changes Resulting from the Wenzhou Shoal Reclamation Project

The Wenzhou Shoal Reclamation Project is the core part of Wenzhou Peninsula Engineering which is a big comprehensive development project to expand the city space. The dynamics of the surrounding area was proved to suffer little effect in response to the Lingni north dyke since it was built approximately along the current direction. Therefore, this paper focuses firstly on the tidal characteristics in the Wenzhou and Yueqing bays with the Lingni north dyke being built and then on the changes resulting from the implementation of the on-going Wenzhou Shoal Reclamation Project(WSRP) which will reclaim land from the whole Wenzhou Shoal. To simulate the tidal dynamics, a high-resolution coastal ocean model with unstructured triangular grids was set up for the Wenzhou and Yueqing Bays. The model resolved the complicated tidal dynamics with the simulated tidal elevation and current in good agreement with observations. In the study area, M2 is the predominant tidal component, which means the tide is semidiurnal. The new reclamation project hardly affects the Yueqing Bay and the open ocean, but there are concentrated effects on the mouth of the southern branch of the Oujiang River and the southwest of Wenzhou Shoal. This study provides an indicative reference to the local government and helps to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the project.

临港潮滩盐沼植被的生态修复效果分析

互花米草的入侵使得临港潮滩的植被格局发生显著变化,探索有效的治理技术对保护长江口海滩生态环境具有重要意义。采用刈割+翻耕+深埋覆土治理技术有效控制互花米草扩散,中低滩通过土工格室组合土工管袋提升海三棱藨草的存活率,中高滩涂种植芦苇,配合投加底栖生物,形成“高-中-低滩”梯度的自然滩涂盐沼湿地生境,提高海岸生态系统的自我修复能力。本文以上海临港滨海海洋生态保护修复项目为例,分析临港潮滩盐沼植被的生态修复效果,为今后海洋生态治理与保护提供参考。

Ecological Impact Analysis of Tidal Flat Development——A Case of Qingdao Joy Coastal City

In recent years,tidal flat development project in coastal cities in China continuously advancing practice proved that tidal flat development project is the coastal cities of effective measures to resolve the land factors of economic development limitation,but at the same time the impact of the environment and the using of tidal flat development become the focus of attention.Analysis the coastal shoreline development and economic utilization,social benefits and the impact on the ecological environment combined with Qingdao joy of coastal project is under construction and proposed management measures to provide a theoretical basis for the tidal flat development and management has a very important significance.

Estimation of Annual Energy Output from BCM Tidal Barrage and the Corresponding Marine Environmental Impact

Based on the finite-volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM),a three-dimensional numerical model FVCOM was built to simulate the ocean dynamics in pre-dam and post-dam conditions in Bachimen(BCM).The domain decomposition method,which is effective in describing the conservation of volume and non-conservation of mechanical energy in the utilization of tidal energy,was employed to estimate the theoretical tidal energy resources and developable energy resources,and to analyze the hydrodynamic effect of the tidal power station.This innovative approach has the advantage of linking physical oceanography with engineering problems.The results indicate that the theoretical annual tidal energy resources is about 2×10~8 k Wh under the influence of tidal power station;Optimized power installation is confirmed according to power generation curve from numerical analysis;the developable resources is about 38.2% of theoretical tidal energy resources with the employment of one-way electricity generation.The electricity generation time and power are 3479 hours and 2.55×10~4 KW,respectively.The power station has no effect on the tide pattern which is semi-diurnal tide in both two conditions,but the amplitudes of main constituents apparently decrease in the area near the dam,with the M_2 decreasing the most,about 62.92 cm.The tidal prism shrinks to 2.28×10~7 m^3,but can still meet the flow requirement for tidal power generation.The existence of station increases the flow rate along the waterway and enhances the residual current.There are two opposite vortexes formed on the east side beside the dam of the station,which leads to pollutants gathering.

Earthquake, Volcano and Earth Rotation Harmonics

Earthquake prediction is considered impossible for there is no scientific way to find the date and time, the location, and the magnitude of an earthquake. A new idea is introduced in this paper—earth rotation harmonics triggered natural volcano and earthquake. With earth rotation harmonics response model for a location, it could be possible to calculate the earthquake date and time, and the magnitude. Properties of earth rotation harmonics triggered earthquake are discussed and verified with earthquake data from USGS website. Also, both earth tide and ocean tide effects on earthquake are discussed and verified with earthquake data—tides did not trigger the natural earthquake, they only affect the earthquake activities and time.

涌潮水沙动力过程现场观测研究进展

涌潮是潮波传播过程中产生的一种自然现象,是潮波非线性畸变的结果。涌潮有波状和破碎形态之分,波状涌潮是一系列平行向前传播的涌波构成的波列,破碎涌潮则是前锋陡立向前推进的水滚。基于国内外涌潮水沙动力过程现场观测的主要成果,从形成机理出发,归纳涌潮生成的必要条件,剖析潮波运动非线性和摩擦效应对涌潮生成的影响;针对典型的波状和破碎涌潮,总结潮头的自由表面特征参数、流动结构和传播演化特征;回顾涌潮局部湍流和混合过程、泥沙输运和沉积的研究进展,评述涌潮脉冲过程对河口生态环境的影响。涌潮的周期性传播引起自然系统的大规模混合,对潮汐河口区域的生态环境平衡具有重要意义。涌潮现象的研究推动潮汐学的发展,现场观测是涌潮研究的基础。随着仪器设备和分析手段的进步,涌潮多尺度生成与演化机制、涌潮多物理过程耦合作用机理和涌潮脉冲过程的生态效应定量评价是今后需要深入研究的问题。