tigers and Flies

THE reforms in the Decision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms - as well as the actions on the part of the CPC and its Central Commission for Discipline Inspection （CCDI） since the election of the new leadership in 2012 - clearly demonstrate a strong emphasis by the CPC on addressing corruption, building a clean government, and intensifying anti-corruption efforts by going after both ＂tigers＂ and ＂flies＂ - high- and low-ranking corrupt officials. The Decision highlights the determination of the Party to institutionalize anti-corruption efforts.

The Hunter and the Tigers

Sam’s father is a good hunter(猎人).One day,Sam and his father go hunting in the forest together.After a while they see a big tiger,and

THE TIGERS of PEMAKO

About seven years have passed since we visited Pemako. I wonder if the deity Vajrayogini has protected Tibet's last tigers in this sacred hidden land.

New Park a Roaring Success for Tigers

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RAISING SIBERIAN TIGERS IN CAPTIVTTY IN NORTHEAST CHINA

The Breeding Center of Felidac Animals was founded in Hengdaohezi.Heilongjiangprovince in 1986.This paper resents the methods and observauons of practices in feeding,mating,breeding,study and management of a captive population of siberian tigers at the center.Since the es-tablishment of the program,the initial population of 5 males and 15 females has been increased to 48tigers.In the past 3 years.37 cubs were born and 28 survived.The averagc litter size was 2.6 in 1988and 2.8 in 1989.Methods of feeding mating and raising are continualluy modified according to obser-vations,experimental comparisons and program development.This program templ to conserve and renaturalize this rare and preeious species.

论老舍话剧The Spear that Demolishes Five Tigers at Once对《断魂枪》的改写

老舍英文话剧The Spear that Demolishes Five Tigers at Once是对其短篇小说《断魂枪》的改写。在剧本里,老舍不再像英译《离婚》时那样以批判中国文化为旨归,而是通过改写颂扬中国文化,并把文化传统中的"刚性文化"特质与西方新型的科学技术结合,从而建构他自1930年代就开始思考并不断丰富的中国精神文化现代化的"内涵"。

Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers:Transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites

A century ago,tigers(Panthera tigris Linnaeus,1758)were so common in parts of Southeast Asia as to be considered pests,and governments sponsored their killing.Habitat loss and fragmentation,market-driven poaching and loss of prey have since led to the disappearance of Indochinese tigers from most their former range.Despite 15 years of dedicated tiger conservation funding,national estimates of Indochinese tiger subpopulations can at best only be roughly approximated.The future for the subspecies appears grim unless very focused efforts can be applied to stabilize and recover subpopulations.On a regional scale,the 2 proposed subspecies Panthera tigris corbetti and P.tigris jacksoni are effectively managed as separate conservation units.Evaluating where to place conservation efforts should consider the vulnerability(likelihood of extinction)and irreplaceability(likelihood that an area contributes uniquely to regional conservation)of tiger subpopulations.Only 1 site in Thailand supporting<200 individuals(Huai Kha Khaeng-Thung Yai)is considered low vulnerability,and is irreplaceable.Five sites in Lao,Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia are medium vulnerability and irreplaceable.Priorities at these 6 sites are to double tiger numbers within 10 years through protection and monitoring.Seven sites in Lao,Thailand and Myanmar are high vulnerability and irreplaceable,and might be recovered if government commitment to tigers,staff capacity and legal frameworks for tiger protection are established.Tigers are extremely vulnerable or even extinct in Cambodia’s Eastern Plains and the site is irreplaceable for tigers because it represents the only large(>10000 km^(2))block of dry forest habitat available in the region.A reintroduction program is the only option to recover tigers there.

Association between people’s attitudes towards human-elephant conflict and their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in Buxa Tiger Reserve and its adjoining area,India

“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Buxa Tiger Reserve(BTR)and its adjoining area in West Bengal State,India,making the area volatile.People’s attitudes towards elephant conservation activity are very crucial to get rid of HEC,because people’s proximity with wild elephants’habitat can trigger the occurrence of HEC.The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation about the association of people’s attitudes towards HEC with their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in BTR and its adjoining area by using Pearson’s bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.BTR is one of the constituent parts of Eastern Doors Elephant Reserve(EDER).We interviewed 500 respondents to understand their perceptions to HEC and investigated their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics including location of village,gender,age,ethnicity,religion,caste,poverty level,education level,primary occupation,secondary occupation,household type,and source of firewood.The results indicate that respondents who are living in enclave forest villages(EFVs),peripheral forest villages(PFVs),corridor village(CVs),or forest and corridor villages(FCVs),mainly males,at the age of 18–48 years old,engaged with agriculture occupation,and living in kancha and mixed houses,have more likelihood to witness HEC.Besides,respondents who are illiterate or at primary education level are more likely to regard elephant as a main problematic animal around their villages and refuse to participate in elephant conservation activity.For the sake of a sustainable environment for both human beings and wildlife,people’s attitudes towards elephants must be friendly in a more prudent way,so that the two communities can live in harmony.

美国田纳西州教师评估模型TIGER的评介与启示

教师评估是促进教师专业发展和提高学校教育质量的有效手段。美国田纳西州教师教学成长的有效性和结果模型(TIGER)是在增值评价的基础上,结合标准化评价而开发的,从学生成绩、学生进步和课堂观察等三个方面对教师进行评估。评估的目的是通过整合具有高可靠性和有效性的定量和质性评价方法来促进教师的成长。这种教师评估模式反映了美国教师评价的新趋势,对我国新时代教师评价的目的、方法、主体和体系有重要的参考价值。

The Process of Tiger Disappearance in Guizhou

In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution and population size,and collected data on the tiger skin trade after 1950,the change in subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest cover,and demographic data in the relevant databases.GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution range of the South China tiger in Guizhou Province during the period 1900–1980 and to discuss the history of its disappearance in Guizhou and its driving factors.The results show that in 1900,the South China tiger was distributed throughout 82 cities and counties in nine prefectures and municipalities in the province;the number of documented South China tiger distribution sites in 1900–1950 decreased to 48 compared to 1900;the number of counties with South China tigers in 1950–1980 further decreased and became extinct in some areas;and in the 1990s,the South China tiger became extinct in the wild in Guizhou.The main reasons for the extinction of the South China tiger in the wild in Guizhou are:on the one hand,with the socio-economic development of Guizhou Province,the population has increased dramatically,the magnitude of the demand for natural resources has increased,and in order to satisfy this demand,human activities,such as coal mining and clearing of mountains for planting,have been intensified,resulting in the reduction of the coverage rate of the subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests,which has resulted in the extreme loss of the habitat of the South China tiger;on the other hand,the insufficient protection efforts and protection measures for this species in the country before the 1980s,which were subjected to anthropogenic hunting,were also factors leading to the extinction of this species in the wild in Guizhou Province.As a big cat at the top of the food chain,the distribution of the South China tiger can reflect the history of the natural environment in the region.By analyzing and discussing the distribution history of the South China tiger population in Guizhou Province,the significance of this case is to provide a scientific basis for the future conservation of biodiversity and the development of ecological restoration measures in the karst mountains of southern China.

Microbiological Quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Products Sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 106 UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 107 UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 105 UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 106 UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 105 UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 105 UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 105 UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 104 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 106 CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 104 CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 105 CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 104 CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 105 CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 103 CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 105 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.

Growth strategy and TFP growth:comparing China and four Asian tigers

This paper compares the total factor productivity(TFP)growth performance of the Chinese mainland and the Four Asian Tigers during their high-growth period and examines the effect of growth strategies pursued by these economies on TFP growth using a state-space model.Our research results show that TFP growth is quite limited in these economies,which is mainly attributed to their growth strategy.No significant productivity gains arise from the rapid growth of investments,trade openness,and an undervalued currency in these economies.The TFP growth is even found negatively related to trade openness for South Korea,the exchange rate undervaluation for Chinese Taiwan and Singapore,and the falling relative price of capital for the Chinese mainland,Singapore and South Korea.Government interventions encourage long-term TFP growth for the Chinese mainland and Taiwan,but hinder it in other economies.Higher inflation reduces TFP growth in Chinese Taiwan and Singapore.

Tigers Get a Lifeline

They say you never miss the water until you see the well run dry.It’s certainly true in the case of the world’s endangered species.And especially in the instance of the South China tiger.By the time the conservation authorities hit the panic button it was already too late and the big beautiful cats had disappeared from the wilds of China,culled by hunters and poachers,and squeezed out of their habitat by the march of civilization and its voracious appetite for land. Now bred in captivity and rewilded,the tigers’numbers inch upwards.Growing public awareness helps. But replacing nature’s work artificially brings its own challenges.

Fireworks and Festivals and Tigers! Oh My!

The barrage started on a Friday morning——a few distant booms that soon led to louder explosions and fizzling sounds drawing closer to my apartment. As the day progressed, sotoo did their frequency until night fell and

Where Tigers Once Leaped

I can count the number of times I’ve had my breath taken away on the fingers of one hand. China takes credit for two of those instances. The first was my introduction to the noxious cloud of gray that hangs over Beijing. The second was standing atop a rock looking up and down the

Saving the Tigers

Tigers are facing extinction and urgently need conservation This year in the Chinese lunar calendar is the Year of the Tiger, ever regarded as the most regal of animals. But today they are being pushed to the brink of extinction.

Terrific Tigers

While Bengal tigers are the most common type of tiger in the world,only about 3,000 to 5,000 exist in the wild.They are an endangered species,which means that there are so few left that they could soon die out entirely.

Rescue the Tigers

我们同时收到了两份来稿,一篇是摘自1997年第12期的美国NationalGeographic上的Making Room for Wild Tigers,一篇是1998年3月9日ChinaDaily上刊登的Rescue the Tegers。经反复考虑,我们决定采用后者。这样做,可以让广大读者一换口味(for a change),文章写得相当不错,内容翔实,文字地道,讲的是国内的事情,读来亲切。 文章对目前我国虎的总量的估计是; Today, the total number of the remaining four subspecies in the wild is between100 and 120. 美国National Geographic对我国华南虎的数量估计为:20-30(这是1992年的统计数字)。 在50年代初,我国的老虎的数量在4000只左右。现在的人口已近当时的3倍。本文的一个资料很有趣: …when the population density in an area reaches 40 people per equare kilometer,tigers cannot survive. 文章提到了一个当代的“打虎英雄”,此人若在,不知读后作和感想: Deng Shifang, a modern hero and tiger hunter in the Yangshan County in thenorthern mountainous area of Guangdong, killed more than 100 tigers and leopards,including some twenty South China tigers. Between the 1960s and late 1970s, Chinalost about 3, 000 South China tigers.

Estimating abundance and density of Amur tigers along the Sino- Russian border

As an apex predator the Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)could play a pivotal role in maintaining the integ­rity of forest ecosystems in Northeast Asia.Due to habitat loss and harvest over the past century,tigers rapidly declined in China and are now restricted to the Russian Far East and bordering habitat in nearby China.To fa­cilitate restoration of the tiger in its historical range,reliable estimates of population size are essential to assess effectiveness of conservation interventions.Here we used camera trap data collected in Hunchun National Na­ture Reserve from April to June 2013 and 2014 to estimate tiger density and abundance using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian spatially explicit capture-recapture(SECR)methods.A minimum of 8 individuals were detected in both sample periods and the documentation of marking behavior and reproduction suggests the presence of a resident population.Using Bayesian SECR modeling within the 11400 km2 state space,den­sity estimates were 0.33 and 0.40 individuals/100 km^(2) in 2013 and 2014,respectively,corresponding to an es­timated abundance of 38 and 45 animals for this transboundary Sino-Russian population.In a maximum likeli­hood framework,we estimated densities of 0.30 and 0.24 individuals/100 km^(2) corresponding to abundances of 34 and 27,in 2013 and 2014,respectively.These density estimates are comparable to other published estimates for resident Amur tiger populations in the Russian Far East.This study reveals promising signs of tiger recovery in Northeast China,and demonstrates the importance of connectivity between the Russian and Chinese popula­tions for recovering tigers in Northeast China.