Tight Focusing Properties of Radially Polarized Gaussian Beams with Pair of Vortices

The tight focusing properties of a radially polarized Gaussian beam with a nested pair of vortices having a radial wave front distribution are investigated theoretically by the vector diffraction theory. The results show that the optical intensity in the focal region can be altered considerably by changing the location of the vortices nested in a radially polarized Gaussian beam. It is noted that focal evolution from one annular focal pattern to a highly confined focal spot in the transverse direction is observed corresponding to the change in the location of the optical vortices in the input plane. It is also observed that the generated focal hole or spot lead to a focal shift along the optical axis remarkably under proper radial phase modulation. Hence the proposed system may be applied to construct tunable optical traps for both high and low refractive index particles.

Tight focusing of axially symmetric polarized vortex beams

Tight focusing of axially symmetric polarized vortex beams is studied numerically based on vector diffraction theory. The mathematical expressions for the focused fields are derived. Simulation results show that the focused fields and phase distributions at focus are largely influenced by both the polarization order and topological charge of the incident beams. Moreover, focal spots with flat-topped or tightly-focused patterns can be flexibly achieved by carefully choosing the polar- ization order and the topological charge, which confirms the potential of such beams in wide applications, such as optical tweezers, laser printing, lithography, and material processing.

Tight focusing of femtosecond elliptically polarised vortex light pulses

This paper studies the tight focusing properties of femtosecond elliptically polarised vortex light pulses. Based on Richards-Wolf vectorial diffraction integral, the expressions for the electric field, the velocity of the femtosecond light pulse and the total angular momentum of focused pluses are derived. The numerical calculations are also given to illustrate the intensity distribution, phase contour, the group velocity variation and the total angular momentum near the focus. It finds that near the focus the femtosecond elliptically polarised vortex light pulse can travel at various group speeds, that is, slower or faster than light speed in vacuum, depending on the numerical aperture of the focusing objective system. Moreover, it also studies the influence of the numerical aperture of the focusing objective and the time duration of the elliptically polarised vortex light pulse on the total angular momentum distribution in the focused field.

Tight Focusing Properties of Azimuthally Polarized Pair of Vortex Beams through a Dielectric Interface

Tight focusing properties of an azimuthally polarized Gaussian beam with a pair of vortices through a dielectric interface is theoretically investigated by vector diffraction theory. For the incident beam with a pair of vortices of opposite topological charges, the vortices move toward each other, annihilate and revive in the vicinity of focal plane, which results in the generation of many novel focal patterns. The usable focal structures generated through the tight focusing of the double-vortex beams may find applications in micro-particle trapping, manipulation, and material processing, etc.

Tight Focusing Properties of Phase Modulated Radially Polarized Laguerre Bessel Gaussian Beam

We propose a new approach for generating a multiple focal spot segment of subwavelength size, by tight focusing of a phase modulated radially polarized Laguerre Bessel Gaussian beam. The focusing properties are investigated theoretically by .vector diffraction theory. We observe that the focal segment with multiple focal structures is separated with different axial distances and a super long dark channel can be generated by properly tuning the phase of the incident radially polarized Laguerre Bessel Gaussian beam. We presume that such multiple focal patterns and high intense beam may find applications in atom optics, optical manipulations and multiple optical trapping.

Collision off-axis position dependence of relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of an excited electron in a tightly focused circular polarized laser pulse

This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circularly polarized laser pulses of varying intensities. We examine the effects of the transverse ponderomotive force, specifically how the deviation angle and speed of electron motion are affected by the initial off-axis position of the electron and the peak amplitude of the laser pulse. When the laser pulse intensity is low, an increase in the electron's initial off-axis distance results in reduced spatial radiation power, improved collimation, super-continuum phenomena generation, red-shifting of the spectrum's harmonic peak, and significant symmetry in the radiation radial direction. However, in contradiction to conventional understandings,when the laser pulse intensity is relatively high, the properties of the relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of the electron deviate from the central axis, changing direction in opposition to the aforementioned effects. After reaching a peak, these properties then shift again, aligning with the previous direction. The complex interplay of these effects suggests a greater nuance and intricacy in the relationship between laser pulse intensity, electron position, and scattering properties than previously thought.

Optical chirality induced by spin–orbit interaction of light in a tightly focused Laguerre–Gaussian beam

Optical chirality is one of the important and fundamental dynamic properties of light besides energy, momentum,and angular momentum. The quantification of electromagnetic chirality has been conceptualized only recently. Now, it is well known that for paraxial plane waves of light, the optical chirality is proportional to the ellipticity of the polarization ellipse, i.e., completely independent of the phase distribution. Here it is shown that optical vortex and state of polarization of the source paraxial field both have contributions to the optical chirality of the nonparaxial field generated by tightly focused Laguerre–Gaussian(LG) beam, which is in Stark contrast to the paraxial plane wave of light known from classical optics. The physical reason is the redistribution of local electromagnetic polarization in three dimensions associated with spin–orbit interaction.

Tightly focused properties of a partially coherent radially polarized power-exponent-phase vortex beam

A partially coherent beam called a radially polarized multi-Gaussian Schell-model power-exponent-phase vortex beam is introduced. Both the analytical formula of the beam propagating through the high-numerical-aperture objective lens based on the vectorial diffraction theory, and the cross-spectral density matrix of the beam in the focal region are derived. Then,the tight focusing characteristics of the partially coherent radially polarized power-exponent-phase vortex beam are studied numerically, and the intensity distribution, degree of polarization and coherence of the beams in the focusing region with different topological charge, power order, beam index and coherence width are analyzed in detail. The results show that the contour of the spot becomes clearer and smoother with the increase in the beam index, and the focal fields of different structures that include the flattened beam can be obtained by changing the coherence width. In addition, by changing the topological charge and power order, the intensity can gather to a point along the ring. These unique properties will have potential applications in particle capture and manipulation, especially in the manipulation of irregular particles.

Laser parameters affecting the asymmetric radiation of the electron in tightly focused intense laser pulses

The nonlinear radiation of the electron is a distinctive feature of the action of tightly focused linearly polarized lasers.In this paper,from the perspective of radiation symmetry,the effect of laser parameters on the electron radiation power in the time domain is studied systematically.An asymmetric bimodal structure is found in the time domain in the direction of the maximum radiation.For this special structure,an explanation is given based on the electron dynamics perspective.The structure is compared with the symmetric bimodal structure in the classical theory.The increase in laser intensity,while significantly increasing the radiated power of the electron,exacerbates the asymmetry of the electron radiation.The variation in the initial phase of the laser leads to a periodic variation in the electron motion,which results in a periodic extension of the electron spatial radiation with a period ofπ.Moreover,the existence of jump points with a phase difference ofπin the range of 0-2πis found.The increase in pulse width reduces the radiated power,extends the radiation range,and alleviates the radiation asymmetry.The results in this paper contribute to the study of electron radiation characteristics in intense laser fields.

Influence of acceleration on relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattering in tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulses

The influence of acceleration of electrons on relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattering in tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulses is investigated for the first time. In the framework of classical electrodynamics, it is deduced and found that the more severe the change in the electron transverse acceleration, the stronger the asymmetry of the radiation angle distribution, and the greater the transverse acceleration, the greater the radiation energy. Tightly focused, ultrashort,and high-intensity lasers lead to violent electron acceleration processes, resulting in a bifurcated radiation structure with asymmetry and higher energy. Additionally, a change in the initial phase of the laser brings about periodic change of the acceleration, which in turn makes the radiation change periodically with the initial phase. In other cases, the radiation is in a symmetrical double-peak structure. These phenomena will help us to modulate radiation with more energy collimation.

Experimental verification on tightly focused radially polarized vortex beams

The theoretical and experimental results of tightly focused radially polarized vortex beams are demonstrated. An auto-focus technology is introduced into the measurement system in order to enhance the measurement precision, and the radially polarized vortex beams are generated by a liquid-crystal polarization converter and a vortex phase plate. The focused fields of radially polarized vortex beams with different topological charges at numerical apertures （NAs） of 0.65 and 0.85 are measured respectively, and the results indicate that the total intensity distribution at focus is dependent not only on the NA of the focusing objective lens and polarization pattern of the beam but also on the topological charge l of the beam. Some unique focusing properties of radially polarized vortex beams with fractional topological charges are presented based on numerical calculations. The experimental verification paves the way for some practical applications of radially polarized vortex beams, such as in optical trapping, near-field microscopy, and material processing.

Constructing ultra-long focal fields via tightly focused Bessel beams

We numerically demonstrate that the tight focusing of Bessel beams can generate focal fields with an ultra-long depth of focus(DOF).The ultra-long focal field can be controlled by appropriately regulating the order of the Bessel function and the polarization.An optical needle and an optical dark channel with nearly 100λDOF are generated.The optical needle has a DOF of~104.9λand a super-diffraction-limited focal spot with the size of 0.19λ^(2).The dark channel has a full-width at halfmaximum of~0.346λand a DOF of~103.8λ.Furthermore,the oscillating focal field with an ultra-long DOF can be also generated by merely changing the order of the input Bessel beam.Our results are expected to contribute to potential applications in optical tweezers,atom guidance and capture,and laser processing.

轨道角动量指向可控的紧聚焦时空波包(特邀)

利用Debye积分,研究了三个相互正交的轨道角动量(包括两个正交的横向轨道角动量以及一个纵向轨道角动量)光场在紧聚焦条件下的复杂耦合现象,并演示了焦场中相位奇点在三维时空间中的演化。此外,还研究了具有不同拓扑荷数的纵向轨道角动量对聚焦波包整体轨道角动量指向的影响。数值结果表明,聚焦波包的整体轨道角动量指向可由纵向轨道角动量的拓扑荷数进行调控,进而实现紧聚焦时空波包的轨道角动量指向可控。这种角动量指向可控的时空波包在光学微操作、微纳加工、自旋-轨道耦合以及量子通信等领域具有潜在的应用价值。

聚焦超声联合微泡开放血脑屏障对小鼠紧密连接蛋白的影响

目的:探讨聚焦超声(focused ultrasound,FUS)联合微泡开放血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)的安全性,并通过对FUS辐照后紧密连接蛋白的检测探究FUS开放BBB的可能机制。方法:健康昆明小鼠70只,随机分为对照组、FUS联合微泡开放BBB组,并进一步分为FUS开放BBB1h、4h、24h组。采用Garcia量表评估小鼠的神经行为学变化;HE染色观察超声辐照脑区的出血情况;ELISA动态检测炎性因子:肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(interleukin 1 beta,IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6)的表达水平。经尾静脉注射伊文思蓝(evans blue,EB)动态观察不同分组小鼠脑内EB的渗透情况。Western Blot检测水通道蛋白4(aquaporin-4,AQP4)表达量的变化分析脑组织的水肿情况;分别检测不同时段紧密连接蛋白occludin、claudin-5、紧密连接蛋白1(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)的表达水平评估超声对紧密连接蛋白的影响。结果:FUS诱导BBB开放后,小鼠不同时段的神经行为学评分均与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05);HE染色显示FUS辐照后小鼠脑实质内无明显的红细胞渗出,炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达水平在BBB开放后的1h、4h、24h均与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。在EB渗透实验中,1h组小鼠脑实质内有EB渗透,而其他分组均未观察到EB。不同时段AQP4蛋白表达量与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。FUS辐照后1h,occludin(P=0.034)、claudin-5(P<0.001)、ZO-1(P=0.002)蛋白表达水平显著降低;4h后ZO-1、occludin蛋白水平逐渐上升至对照组水平(P>0.05)。而claudin-5蛋白表达量在24h仍低于对照组(P=0.002)。结论:FUS可以安全有效的开放BBB,其机制可能是通过作用于紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、occludin、claudin-5实现的。

部分相干圆偏振涡旋光束的深聚焦

基于德拜理论,研究部分相干圆偏振涡旋光束的深聚焦特性,比较左旋和右旋部分相干圆偏振涡旋光束的不同深聚焦特性,并给出相应的物理解释.分析入射光束相干性和聚焦透镜数值孔径大小对深聚焦特性的影响.研究表明,入射光束的相干度和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小,都会影响深聚焦焦平面的光强和相干度.通过控制各相关参数的取值,可以在聚焦场中获得有广泛实际应用的平顶光束.

J_0相干角向偏振涡旋光束的深聚焦(英文)

通过矢量德拜理论,研究了J0相干角向偏振涡旋光束深聚焦的性质。推导了在焦点区域的光强分布、光谱相干度和偏振度的表达式。数值模拟结果表明,光强分布、相干度和偏振度不仅依赖于相干长度和数值孔径最大角,而且依赖于拓扑电荷数。这种光束在焦平面还可获得非常小的焦点和焦洞。

双环角向偏振光束深聚焦特性

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式,研究了双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦特性,推导了双环角向偏振光束经环状透镜深聚焦的光强表达式。根据数值模拟结果,比较了相关参量的变化对深聚焦特性的影响。研究表明:入射光束经环状高数值孔径透镜聚焦后,在焦平面得到了具有广泛应用的亚波长空心光斑,并且入射光束的相关参数和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小都会影响光束的聚焦特性,使聚焦空心光斑达到亚波长量级;双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦以后,在焦平面附近产生了一个更长的焦深(约28倍入射光波长)。

基于紧聚焦方式的阵列光束相干合成特性分析

为获得高功率、波长量级尺寸的聚焦光斑,提出利用紧聚焦方式实现阵列光束相干合成的新方案.通过建立阵列光束经紧聚焦方式相干合成的物理模型,分析了阵列光束的排布方式、偏振态、束宽、间距和紧聚焦系统数值孔径等参数对合成光束特性的影响及规律.结果表明,阵列光束经紧聚焦方式合束时,线偏振及圆偏振阵列光束均能获得较好的合成效果,径向偏振阵列光束次之,而角向偏振阵列光束则不能有效地合成.通过优化阵列光束的排布方式、束宽和间距,以及合理选择紧聚焦系统的数值孔径,能在保持较好光束质量和较高合成效率的前提下获得能量集中度高的焦斑.

近贴聚焦成像器件光电阴极传递封接工艺研究

依据近贴聚焦系列成像器件研究的需要,开展了光电阴极真空传递封接工艺研究,并且结合器件的研制对封接工艺质量进行了可靠性的考核。结果证明,用InSn合金焊料进行光电阴极真空传递封接,其工艺稳定,性能质量可靠,封接气密性成品率高。这种工艺除了用于成像器件的研究和生产外,也可用于非匹配材料的气密性封接,具有广泛的应用前景。

聚焦场自旋-轨道角动量相互作用的研究进展

光同时具有自旋和轨道角动量属性,它们分别与光的偏振和相位分布相关。在傍轴条件下,光的自旋和轨道角动量在自由空间传输过程中是相互独立且各自守恒的。而在非傍轴条件下,如紧聚焦或者散射光场中,光的自旋与轨道角动量之间会发生相互耦合和转化。其中,紧聚焦场中自旋与轨道角动量的相互作用由于广泛涉及光学捕获、显微和探测等应用领域,近年来受到广泛关注。综述了紧聚焦场中自旋、轨道角动量理论计算方法,自旋-轨道角动量相互作用与入射结构光场的关系以及最新的相关应用研究进展。