Background:Tiletamine/zolazepam is a dissociative anesthetic combination commonly used in small animals but information is limited in rats.The alpha-2 agonist,dexmedetomidine,has gained popularity in laboratory animal...Background:Tiletamine/zolazepam is a dissociative anesthetic combination commonly used in small animals but information is limited in rats.The alpha-2 agonist,dexmedetomidine,has gained popularity in laboratory animal anesthesia.Tramadol is a weak opioid mu agonist.The aim of this study was to assess whether the tiletamine/zolazepam/dexmedetomidine(ZD)combination effectively provides a surgical anesthesia plane comparable to tiletamine/zolazepam/dexmedetomidine with tramadol(ZDT)in a minor procedure in rats.Methods:Rats were induced with ZD or ZDT.After the loss of paw withdrawal,a small incision was made on the rats’left thighs as a surgical stimulus.Rats were maintained under a surgical anesthesia plane by assessing the loss of the paw withdrawal reflex for 45 minutes,then atipamezole was administered.Monitored anesthesia parameters included:(a)physiological parameters-pulse rate(PR),respiratory rate(RR),tissue oxygen saturation(%SpO 2),and body temperature;(b)duration parameters-induction time,onset and duration of surgical anesthesia plane,onset of recovery,and recovery time.Results:PR was significantly lower at 10 minutes in ZD and 5 minutes in ZDT groups.No difference was observed for RR,%SpO 2,and body temperature.Likewise,there were no differences for duration parameters:induction time was less than 3 minutes;onset and duration of surgical anesthesia plane were approximately 5 and 45 minutes,respectively;onset of recovery(time to move)was 51 minutes;and recovery time was 52 minutes,respectively.Conclusion:These data suggest the ZD combination provides a surgical anesthesia plane comparable to ZDT in a rat incisional pain model.展开更多
Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to...Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in Macaca mulatta. Methods: Eighty male Macaca mulatta were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every five minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination for miniature pigs. Fourteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs subjected to this study received 3....The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination for miniature pigs. Fourteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs subjected to this study received 3.5 mg tiletamine/zolazepam kg-1 bw, 1.32 mg xylazine kg-1 bw and 1.8 mg tramadol kg-1 bw intramuscularly, as a mixture of the drugs. Cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters were recorded before drug administration and after anaesthesia. The combination of the compounds resulted in anaesthesia lasting about 87 min and a satisfactory immobilization for handling. Cardiopulmonary parameters were changed after administration, but there were within biologically acceptable limits. Biochemical and haematological values decreased after drug administration, however, they returned to the baseline at 24 h. At the doses described, tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination produced good immobilization in miniature pigs with minimal changes over time in cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters.展开更多
文摘Background:Tiletamine/zolazepam is a dissociative anesthetic combination commonly used in small animals but information is limited in rats.The alpha-2 agonist,dexmedetomidine,has gained popularity in laboratory animal anesthesia.Tramadol is a weak opioid mu agonist.The aim of this study was to assess whether the tiletamine/zolazepam/dexmedetomidine(ZD)combination effectively provides a surgical anesthesia plane comparable to tiletamine/zolazepam/dexmedetomidine with tramadol(ZDT)in a minor procedure in rats.Methods:Rats were induced with ZD or ZDT.After the loss of paw withdrawal,a small incision was made on the rats’left thighs as a surgical stimulus.Rats were maintained under a surgical anesthesia plane by assessing the loss of the paw withdrawal reflex for 45 minutes,then atipamezole was administered.Monitored anesthesia parameters included:(a)physiological parameters-pulse rate(PR),respiratory rate(RR),tissue oxygen saturation(%SpO 2),and body temperature;(b)duration parameters-induction time,onset and duration of surgical anesthesia plane,onset of recovery,and recovery time.Results:PR was significantly lower at 10 minutes in ZD and 5 minutes in ZDT groups.No difference was observed for RR,%SpO 2,and body temperature.Likewise,there were no differences for duration parameters:induction time was less than 3 minutes;onset and duration of surgical anesthesia plane were approximately 5 and 45 minutes,respectively;onset of recovery(time to move)was 51 minutes;and recovery time was 52 minutes,respectively.Conclusion:These data suggest the ZD combination provides a surgical anesthesia plane comparable to ZDT in a rat incisional pain model.
文摘Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in Macaca mulatta. Methods: Eighty male Macaca mulatta were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every five minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671552 and 30972227)
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination for miniature pigs. Fourteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs subjected to this study received 3.5 mg tiletamine/zolazepam kg-1 bw, 1.32 mg xylazine kg-1 bw and 1.8 mg tramadol kg-1 bw intramuscularly, as a mixture of the drugs. Cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters were recorded before drug administration and after anaesthesia. The combination of the compounds resulted in anaesthesia lasting about 87 min and a satisfactory immobilization for handling. Cardiopulmonary parameters were changed after administration, but there were within biologically acceptable limits. Biochemical and haematological values decreased after drug administration, however, they returned to the baseline at 24 h. At the doses described, tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination produced good immobilization in miniature pigs with minimal changes over time in cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters.
