Geophysical Investigation Using Time Domain Electromagnetic Method (TDEM) at Wadi Deir Al-Kahaf Area/Jordan for Groundwater Artificial Recharge Purposes

In this study, Ten Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) measuring points have been conducted at four pre-selected sites along Wadi Deir Al-Kahaf in order to investigate the potential of the near subsurface deposits and aquifer for groundwater artificial recharge applications. The surveyed results suggest well resolved geological layers such as alluvial mudflat, basalt layers and their saturation states. In addition a hydrogeophysical cross section along the studied sites was constructed which permits to locate the lateral variations in rock properties due to water saturation and or facies changes. The saturated thickness of the Upper Aquifer System in the study area was found to be changed from 5 m near TEM 1 to about 120 m near TEM 4 in thickness. The Abed Basalt Aquifer (AOB) has an average saturation thickness of about ~60 m, and forming the main aquifer (~100 m thickness) near surface to the north of the study area. TEM-3 and TEM-4 sites were found to be potential sites for groundwater artificial recharge based on the constructed hydro-geophysical model. This study recommends implementing detailed geophysical investigations particularly in the most northern parts of the study area.

Finite Time Domain Dynamics of Dirac Fields

In the present paper we consider the case of a Dirac field in a finite time domain and coupled to an external field. We decompose the field and its Hamiltonian in terms of creation and annihilation operators and path integrate it via Grassmannian variables techniques. In that way we obtain its finite time domain Green function. We use it in the perturbative study of the interaction of Dirac particles with classical electromagnetic waves.

Time-Domain Analysis of a Rectangular Reflector Antenna

Rectangular reflector antennas have motivated the time-domain analysis of electromagnetic scattering problems. The asymptotic time domain physical-optics (TDPO) is applied to the analysis of a rectangular reflector illuminated by a Gaussian-impulse. The effects of time-delayed mutual coupling between points on the surface will be ignored as a result of utilizing the TDPO method for determining the equivalent surface-current density on the reflector. Finally, in this work the scattered signals at the specular reflection point, at the edges, and at the corners can be clearly distinguished.

架空配电线路故障电弧的电磁辐射特性及故障定位应用

针对架空配电线路电弧接地故障点定位难题,该文研究架空配电线路故障电弧的电磁辐射特性,探索基于电磁辐射信号的电弧故障定位方法的可行性。通过10 k V配网真型故障模拟试验平台,分析接地电弧电磁辐射的时域与频域特性及传播衰减规律,结果表明:电弧电流的电磁辐射特征频段为20~30 MHz,该特征频段不会受到中性点接地方式、电弧接地介质与线路结构参数的显著影响,且特征频段内辐射信号在传播过程中衰减较慢。在此基础上,设计一种小型化三角形单极子–环形组合平面天线,工作频率为20~500 MHz。利用自制天线开展小型电弧故障定位实验,为后续配网电弧故障定位的应用研究提供基础。

一种新型可移动TEM喇叭辐射波模拟器的模拟优化

为改善基于TEM喇叭的辐射波模拟器的低频辐射特性从而展宽其辐射近场半高宽,首次提出了在指数型TEM喇叭上/下两个极板的端口加上2个金属直板、并通过倾斜金属板和并联电阻相连的新型可移动模拟器的设计方案。基于FDTD方法模拟分析了该新型模拟器的特性参数对其近场辐射性能的影响,并给出了优化后的模拟器及其阵列的辐射特性。计算结果表明:尺寸为6 m×6 m×6.24 m的优化后的新型模拟器在距离口面3 m的中心位置的辐射近场脉宽能达到18.95 ns,而达到相同低频辐射性能的常规模拟器尺寸为9 m×12 m×6.8 m。且与常规模拟器相比,优化后的模拟器的场峰值更大。与前人的研究相比,优化后的模拟器场在保持高峰值的同时,时域波形后延震荡的幅度与主峰的比值明显减小。优化后的模拟器2×2阵列模型的测试平面中心点场峰值最大,且在测试平面上满足6 dB均匀性要求的有效测试区最大;有效测试区在横向上范围最大的是2×2阵列模型,其次是2×1阵列模型;在纵向上范围最大的是2×2阵列模型及1×2阵列模型。

介质粗糙面与组合目标宽带电磁散射特性研究

文中对介质粗糙面和组合目标的宽带复合电磁散射特性进行研究,通过数值计算得到了复合散射系数频率响应曲线。分析结果显示,后向复合散射系数在宽频带范围内随着频率的变化而产生振荡,粗糙面的高度均方根、介电常数、组合目标尺度、目标介电常数等因素对复合散射系数有显著的影响,且影响规律较为复杂。相比之下,粗糙面的相关长度对复合散射系数的影响较为微弱。当目标是理想导体时,频率响应曲线近似呈现出准周期性的振荡形态。

基于同步提取变换的地空频率域电磁信号幅度提取方法

地空频率域电磁法探测信号为多频非平稳信号,为了解决应用传统傅里叶变换方法提取其幅度时分辨率较差的问题,本文提出了基于同步提取变换(SET)的地空频域电磁信号幅度提取方法。该方法对电磁数据进行SET,得到高分辨率时频图,并利用能量算子使电磁数据时频谱能量更为集中;采用贪心算法提取脊线,得到时频图的高能量带;通过自回归模型自适应地补充了脊线中的0值,解决了由窗函数引起的端点效应问题。根据脊线位置的时频图复数值,得到各频率分量幅度随时间的变化,研究了不同信噪比情况下基于SET的地空频率域电磁信号幅度提取结果的准确性。结果表明:当信噪比≥10 dB时,幅度提取结果的平均相对均方根误差均小于5%;当信噪比<10 dB时,幅度提取结果的平均相对均方根误差在10%以内。提取效果良好。将此方法应用于新疆霍拉山隧道工程地空频率域电磁法探测中,成功提取了多频电磁信号各频率分量的幅度,与采用傅里叶变换提取非平稳信号幅度的方法相比,该方法有效地提高了幅度提取结果的分辨率。

弱导电薄层介质材料电磁耦合等效计算方法研究

面向核电磁脉冲等强电磁环境下复合材料壳体平台的电磁环境效应分析需求,根据Maxwell-Ampere定理的积分形式,分析得到了时域有限差分方法在处理弱导电薄层介质材料参数时的等效计算方法,即当介质等效波长远大于模型厚度时,可将薄层模型适当增厚,同时等比例减小其电导率,参数等效前后模型的电磁耦合特性基本相同。该方法通过等效增厚薄层材料从而实现增大空间离散步长,减少网格量的目的,不需要改变传统时域有限差分方法的时间步进格式,不会破坏计算的稳定性。无限大有耗介质薄板、薄层球体、含薄层壳体无人机电磁耦合等算例表明,在包含毫米级厚度弱导电介质薄层壳体平台的核电磁脉冲耦合模拟中,该方法具有较好的适用性。

基于G-TF/SF方法的分层地表电磁环境研究

本文将基于广义总场散射场(generalized total-field/scattered-field,G-TF/SF)方法的时域有限差分(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD)方法用于分层地表的电磁环境计算中,四周采用卷积完全匹配层(convolutional perfectly matched layer,CPML)吸收边界条件。G-TF/SF方法可有效削减由地面四周截断产生的边缘效应,提高分层地表电磁环境计算精度且G-TF/SF边界只需要加载入射场,无需计算反射场与透射场。G-TF/SF方法将部分边界埋在完全匹配层(perfectly matched layer,PML)区域中,对埋在PML层中G-TF/SF边界的入射波乘以相应的系数,保证将合适的入射波等效到主网格区域进行计算。本文用G-TF/SF方法模拟计算了水平单层地表及不同分层地表情形下的电磁环境,并将水平单层地表结果与用解析法计算的结果进行对比;将不同分层情形与采用有限积分技术得到的结果对比,验证了G-TF/SF方法计算结果的正确性。

基于响应曲线聚类的时间域电磁法地电结构类型划分研究

为了充分利用时间域电磁法正演响应曲线携带的特征信息实现地电结构类型快速预测,通过将曲线的分布特性和形态特性相结合构造了曲线距离,采用相关系数作为权重参数衡量曲线形态相似程度,实现了时间域电磁法正演响应曲线聚类。应用效果表明,依据该方法得到的聚类结果能实现正演响应样本的标签化,从而通过多分类任务神经网络完成地电结构的类型划分。

基于HIE-FDTD方法的电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法研究

基于混合显隐式时域有限差分(hybrid implicit-explicit finite-difference time-domain,HIE-FDTD)方法,提出了一种电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法。仿真电磁场时,采用HIE-FDTD方法求解Maxwell旋度方程;计算温度场时,采用时域有限差分(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD)方法求解热传导方程。由于HIE-FDTD方法只对1维空间偏导数采用隐式差分方法进行离散,因此时间步长不受电磁目标精细结构所在方向网格大小的限制。采用电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法对十字缝隙频率选择表面的电磁热耦合效应进行分析,并将仿真结果与采用传统FDTD方法、CST软件以及COMSOL软件的仿真结果进行对比,所有结果均相互符合。十字缝隙频率选择表面算例结果表明:在保证计算精度的前提下,采用HIE-FDTD方法的仿真时间仅为传统FDTD方法仿真时间的1/6,有效提高了电磁热耦合仿真的计算效率。

电磁干扰多通道时域快速测量与信号计算方法

针对复杂电磁环境和复杂大型系统电磁干扰测量参数、测量点位及测量工况多的特点,采用传统扫频式频域测量方法具有代价高、耗时长等现实问题,提出了一种低频电磁干扰的多通道时域快速测量与信号计算方法,并研制出低频电磁干扰多通道时域快速测量系统,实验验证表明提出的测量、计算方法和研制出的测量系统可以准确得到复杂电磁环境和大型系统的低频电磁干扰特性,且测量速度快、成本低。

复杂地质条件下浅海区电性源瞬变电磁法三维响应特征

与频域电磁法相比,瞬变电磁法可有效区分空气波和海底电磁响应,在浅海油气藏探测中具有良好的应用前景。近海海域地质条件一般较为复杂,普遍具有强切割地形及复杂构造,使电磁场响应特征变得异常复杂,给数据解释工作带来极大困难。本文基于时域有限元法,采用非结构化网格对复杂地质模型进行剖分,通过构建时域有限元方程并结合偶极子离散的长导线源近似技术以及后退欧拉离散技术,实现了复杂地质条件下浅海区电性源瞬变电磁三维正演模拟。在验证算法精度后,通过复杂地质模型的三维正演,分析了不同海水深度对空气波与海底油气藏目标体的影响,在此基础上,进一步分析了不同围岩电阻率以及海底地形对油气藏目标体分辨率的影响,结果表明:在浅海条件下,脉冲响应受空气波影响较大,阶跃响应受空气波影响较小,随着深度增大空气波影响变小,对油气藏的分辨率也降低;围岩电阻率及海底复杂地形对电性源瞬变电磁影响严重。

时间域航空电磁法在多年冻土调查研究中的应用

多年冻土空间分布调查在冰冻圈研究中具有重要意义。目前国内冻土空间分布调查通常采用地面物探结合测井的探测方法,获得局部点上或线上数据,或者采用不同的遥感模型,模拟估算区域性多年冻土厚度。笔者利用获取的时间域航空电磁数据,根据电阻率计算结果推断多年冻土空间分布特征。推断结果与已知测井资料对比分析表明,根据时间域航空电磁数据反演结果推断的多年冻土层厚度与已知测井测温确定的结果平均误差为18.5%,表明采用时间域航空电磁法开展多年冻土厚度调查是有效的,具有较高的准确性。由于时间域航空电磁测量具有高效、受地形影响小等技术优势,可应用于青藏高原、东北大兴安岭等地区的大面积、快速、定量化的多年冻土调查,为全面调查研究多年冻土空间分布及其对生态环境变化的影响提供新的、有效的技术解决方案。

基于时域有限差分法的飞机用电设备电磁兼容整改方法

由于飞机用电设备电磁兼容整改过程中缺乏针对性整改措施,导致波形失真程度大。因此,文章提出基于时域有限差分法的飞机用电设备电磁兼容整改方法。引入时域有限差分法,计算电磁场干扰分量和电磁干扰隔离度,根据电磁干扰隔离度、电磁场干扰分量,选择合适材料,评估电磁兼容屏蔽场设计材料的综合性能,生成电磁兼容屏蔽场,滤波处理飞机用电设备电磁,优化线路布局和设计,实现基于时域有限差分法的飞机用电设备电磁兼容整改。实验结果证明,该方法有效控制波形失真程度在2mm内,可提高飞机用电设备的电磁兼容性能。

A Novel Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure for Filter

Electromagnetic bandgap （EBG） materials are periodic structures capable of prohibiting the propagation of electromagnetic waves within a certain band of frequencies. This characteristic of EBG has wide application. The structures to be studied here are mainly planar EBG materials of two dimensions, which are periodic arrays of holes etched in the ground plane of a conventional microstrip line. EBG structures are calculated with finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method in this paper. Technique of the perfectly matched layer is used for the absorption of electromagnetic waves in FDTD. The FDTD method is programmed with the blend of C++ and Matlab languages, which makes the program both simple and fast computing. A kind of new EBG structure is brought out through a lot of experiments and analyses. A filter with wide stop-band and another filter with two stop-bands are designed.

Reducing the calculation workload of the Green function for electromagnetic scattering in a Schwarzschild gravitational field

When the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method is used to solve electromagnetic scattering problems in Schwarzschild space-time, the Green functions linking source/observer to every surface element on connection/output boundary must be calculated.When the scatterer is electrically extended, a huge amount of calculation is required due to a large number of surface elements on the connection/output boundary.In this paper, a method for reducing the calculation workload of Green function is proposed.The Taylor approximation is applied for the calculation of Green function.New transport equations are deduced.The numerical results verify the effectiveness of this method.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography and TDEM Applied to Hydrogeological Study in TaubatéBasin, Brazil

This research applies Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Time Domain Electromagnetic Method (TDEM) to study the hydrogeology of the Taubaté basin, which is characterized by half-grabens with about 850 m of maximum sediments thickness. The study area is in Taubaté city, S&atilde;o Paulo State, Brazil, where the Taubaté aquifer is an important water source. The Taubaté Group is the main sedimentary package of the basin;it is formed mainly by shales that form aquicludes, and thin layers of sandstones that form the aquifer. There are 40 groundwater exploration wells in Taubaté city that provide important information. The study purpose is to characterize the geoelectrical stratigraphy of the subsurface to locate the contact between the Quaternary and Tertiary sediments and to identify the Taubaté aquifer. The ERT is used for shallow investigations (tens of meters) and the TDEM can reach a great investigation depth (hundreds of meters). Therefore, these geophysical methods are complementary. The ERT data were acquired with the pole-dipole array with 20 m of electrodes spacing and 400 m length, and the TDEM data with the central-loop array with a 200 × 200 m transmitter loop. The results permit to define the contact between the Quaternary and Tertiary sediments around 15 m depth, the Pindamonhangaba Formation between 15 m and 30 m depth and the Taubate Group between 30 m and 300 m depth. The TDEM method defined the Taubaté Group as a single geoelectric layer because the shale and the sandstone layers are all very conductive. The basement is formed by gneiss, which is a very resistive rock. The TDEM method is not able to identify a high conductor/resistor contrast. Overall, the results are consistent with the known geology and the wells information.

RESEARCH ON INDOOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FIELD OF MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEM

The complexity of the indoor environment brings great challenges to predict the electromagnetic radiation field of multiple antenna systems. Based on the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm, using the mobile phone shielding device as the multiple antenna systems example, the mobile phone shielding device's indoor electromagnetic radiation field is researched by measurment method and simulation method. The effectivity of prediction method is verified by comparing the prediciton results with the measurment results. About 80% of the error can be controlled less than dB. The quantitative research has certain guiding significance to the prediction of the multiple antenna systems radio wave propagation.

Analysis of Electromagnetic Environment Effect Using TDIE-FDTD-MNA Hybrid Algorithm

It is important but difficult to analyze the electromagnetic environment effect(E3) in the designing of modern airborne,sea,space,and ground systems.Thus a hybrid algorithm of time domain integral equation,finite difference time domain and modified nodal analysis(TDIE-FDTD-MNA) is developed to analyze the E3 of complex systems with cables and nonlinear circuit structures.The plane wave time domain(PWTD) enhanced TDIE method is adopted to solve field problems.The higher order FDTD(2,4) is adopted to solve cable problems.The MNA is adopted to obtain the response of complex circuits(with nonlinear structures).Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.