FAST SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT SCATTERING FROM ELECTRICALLY LARGE COMPLEX OBJECTS BASED ON TIME DOMAIN INTEGRAL EQUATION SOLVERS

A fast Time Domain Integral Equation(TDIE) solver is presented for analysis of transient scattering from electrically large conducting complex objects.The numerical process of Marching-On-in-Time(MOT) method based TDIE encounters high computational cost and exorbitant memory requirements.A group-style accelerated method-Plane Wave Time Domain(PWTD) algorithm,which permits rapid evaluation of transient wave field generated by temporally bandlimited sources,is employed to reduce the computational cost of MOT-based TDIE solvers.An efficient compressed storage technique for sparse matrix is adopted to decrease the enormous memory requirements of MOT.The scheme of the Multi-Level PWTD(MLPWTD)-enhanced MOT with compressed storage for sparse matrix is presented for analysis of transient scattering from electrically large complex objects in this paper.The numerical simulation results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the presented scheme.

Frequency-time Domain Shielding Effectiveness of Materials and Their Strong Electromagnetic Field Test

To describe the shielding ability of materials accurately and comprehensively,the frequency-domain and time-domain shielding effectiveness(SE) of material is investigated.The relevance between them was analyzed based on the minimum phase method,and the time-domain SE can be derived from frequency-domain SE.The SE of an energy selective surface(ESS) made of a novel material is investigated,and the relationship between SE and radiation field intensity are analyzed.The results show that not only material,but also the intensity of radiation electric field shows influence on SE in its frequency; for some materials,the dependence of SE on radiation electric field intensity needs to be considered.Therefore,it is necessary to research on the SE of shielding material in high-intensity electromagnetic environment.

Time Domain Analysis of Transmit/Receive Dipole Pair Array

We introduce a new transmit/receive dipole pair array to obtain a compact quasi\|monostatic antenna structure for ground penetrating radar systems. And we analyze this transmit/receive dipole pair array in time domain. The numerical results show that if the distance between the transmit antenna and receive antenna is appropriate the array configuration is adoptable.

Time-Domain Analysis of a Wire Antenna Near Arbitrarily Shaped Conductor Bodies

A time domain electric al field integral equation (TDEFIE) is formulated for the problem of a thin wire antenna in the presence of conductor bodies, and this equation is solved by the method of time marching algorithm. The analysis is valid for any arbitrarily shaped, oriented and positioned wire antennas relative to arbitrarily shaped conductor bodies. Current at the excited point, input admittance and radiation pattern are given and agree with the results computed by the method in frequency domain.

Modeling and Simulations in Symmetrical Supercapacitors Using Time Domain Mathematical Expressions

This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of constant electric potential in time ε and the curve of the discharge process through two fixed resistors. The first resistor RCo is a control that aims to prevent sudden variations in the intensity of the electric current i1(t) present at the terminals of the electrochemical supercapacitor at the beginning of the charging process. The second resistor is the internal resistance RA of the ammeter used in the calculation of the intensity of the electric current i1(t) over time in the charging and discharging processes. The mathematical equations generated were based on a 2R(C + kUC(t)) electrical circuit model and allowed to simulate the effects of the potential-dependent capacitance (kUC(t)) on the charge and discharge curves and hence on the calculated values of the fixed capacitance C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR), the equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) and the electrical potential dependent capacitance index k.

EFFICIENT TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS of ARBITRARILY SHAPED CONDUCTING WIRE STRUCTURES

We developed an efficient analysis the current induced in the wire structure. The analysis based on the time-Domain Integral Equation, in which a thin wire approximation is used. The time-domain electric field integral equation is used with the moment method to develop a numerical procedure for treating problems of scattering by arbitrary shaped bodies. We present an efficient numerical method for calculating the electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary shaped conducting bodies in the time domain with a comprehensive treatment of a single, straight thin wire. A time domain electric field integral equation is formulated for the problem of an arbitrary shape. The solution method is based on the moment method to solve the straight thin-wire problem.

静电放电模拟器近区辐射电场的测量研究

静电放电(ESD)是电磁兼容领域的关键测试项目。为在近区获得更多可供参考的ESD辐射电场实测数据,建立了ESD辐射电场测量系统,测量并研究了四个厂家的主流ESD模拟器在接触放电模式下产生的辐射电场。实验结果表明,不同试验等级ESD辐射电场波形参数与IEC 61000-4-2:2008中的参考值一致,测量结果准确;在严格控制实验条件的情况下,电场峰值和上升时间的重复性可以得到保证,且电场峰值的重复性优于上升时间的重复性;不同型号的ESD模拟器在电流波形都符合IEC 61000-4-2:2008限值的情况下,辐射电场的波形存在更大差异,早日实现ESD辐射电场的准确、可靠测量并规范其测量方法及其限值十分必要。

基于时域BLT方程的带绝缘线缆束场-线耦合模型

为研究外场辐照下复杂线缆系统(多导体、非线性负载、带绝缘层)终端电压/电流时域响应特性规律,提出了复杂线缆束在入射场激励下的终端响应建模方法。研究在时域内重塑多导体BLT方程,在兼顾计算效率、易于向线缆网络扩展的基础上,解决了线缆束端接非线性负载的终端时域响应求解问题;并通过引入介质层系数,修正了BLT方程源矢量项,解决了常规BLT方程忽视绝缘层对入射场畸变效应而导致的误差问题。最后,将计算结果同时域有限差分法和有限积分法计算结果进行对比,验证了模型在处理复杂线缆场线耦合问题上的准确性。

染污绝缘子放电空间电场时频特性研究

恶劣气象条件地区的污闪事故时有发生,而目前对污秽外绝缘放电机制的理解还不够全面。为揭示污秽绝缘子放电空间电场特性,该文提出了一种新的污闪预警方法。在前期研究基础上,开展了染污绝缘子放电空间电场波形监测试验,重点研究了空间电场波形的时频特征参量。对于时域特征,对空间电场信号有效值、峰峰值、峰值因子三个时域特征量进行了研究,获得了其与盐密、绝缘子闪络状态的关系;对于频域特征,对空间电场信号进行傅里叶分解,获得了不同试验条件下的频谱图,发现发生闪络时,绝缘子空间电场信号中谐波分量占比升高,并提出可用三次谐波因子来描述绝缘子污闪放电发展程度。研究成果可进一步揭示污闪放电机制,并为解决恶劣环境下输电线路污闪预警的实际工程问题提供技术支撑。

Implementation of Time-Scale Transformation Based on Continuous Wavelet Theory

The basic objective of time-scale transformation is to compress or expand the signal in time field while keeping the same spectral properties. This paper presents two methods to derive time-scale transformation formula based on continuous wavelet transform. For an arbitrary given square-integrable function f(t),g(t) = f(t/λ) is derived by continuous wavelet transform and its inverse transform. The result shows that time-scale transformation may be obtained through the modification of the time-scale of wavelet function filter using equivalent substitution. The paper demonstrates the result by theoretic derivations and experimental simulation.

On hybrid temporal basis functions for stable numerical solution of time domain boundary integral equations

Problems in unsteady aerodynamics and aeroacoustics can sometimes be formulated as integral equations,such as the boundary integral equations.Numerical discretization of integral equations in the time domain often leads to so-called March-On-in-Time(MOT)schemes.In the literature,the temporal basis functions used in MOT schemes have been largely limited to low-order shifted Lagrange basis functions.In order to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the temporal basis functions,a Fourier analysis of the temporal interpolation schemes is carried out.Based on the Fourier analysis,the spectral resolutions of various temporal basis functions are quantified.It is argued that hybrid temporal basis functions be used for interpolation of the numerical solution and its derivatives with respect to time.Stability of the proposed hybrid schemes is studied by a matrix eigenvalue method.Substantial improvement in accuracy and efficiency by using the hybrid temporal basis functions for time domain integral equations is demonstrated by numerical examples.Compared with the traditional temporal basis functions,the use of hybrid basis functions keeps numerical errors low for a larger frequency range given the same time step size.Conversely,for a given range of frequency of interest,a larger time step can be used with the hybrid temporal basis functions,resulting in an increase in computational efficiency and,at the same time,a reduction in memory requirement.

采用周期边界条件计算高压交流输电线路附近的空间电场

高压交流输电线路附近的空间电场计算是其电磁环境评估的重要指标之一。为了正确模拟高压交流输电线路两端的端部效应,提出了一种应用周期边界条件计算其空间电场的计算方法。考虑输电线路各档构成周期结构,通过修改电位积分方程的格林函数,将输电线路周期结构的影响归并在一档线路之内,从而减少了待解未知数的个数,提高了计算效率。数值算例验证了文中方法的正确性。文中计算方法适用于超长高压输电线路电场的计算和分析。

传输线方程高精度直接积分的数值求解方法

提出一种基于精细积分法与时域微分求积法相结合的传输线方程的数值求解方法。首先将传输线方程采用基于紧致有限差分法的四阶差分格式进行空间离散,得到关于时间的一阶线性常微分方程组,四阶差分格式对于空间微分有很好的近似精度。然后利用精细积分法与微分求积法对一阶线性常微分方程组进行数值求解。通过理论分析可知,与传统的传输线方程数值求解方法——时域有限差分法(Finite difference time domain,FDTD)相比,所提方法不涉及到状态矩阵求逆运算,保证了数值求解精度,并且其数值稳定性与计算时间、空间步长无关,可采用大步长进行数值计算,能够有效提高计算效率。最后利用仿真实例进行算法验证,结果显示,相比于时域有限差分法,所提方法能够抑制数值振荡,提高了计算精度。

高压大功率弹性压接型IGBT器件封装绝缘结构中的电场瞬态特性

压接型绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)是支撑柔性直流装备研制的核心器件,弹性压接型IGBT能更好地实现器件中各并联芯片的压力均衡,在电网应用场景中前景广阔。然而,器件内部的绝缘问题是高压器件研制过程中面临的主要挑战之一,因此,有必要在实际工况下分析器件绝缘结构中的瞬态电场分布,以指导绝缘设计。该文针对弹性压接型IGBT器件内部的复合绝缘结构,采用时域边界电场约束方程法,分别计算了单次关断工况和重复性导通关断工况下弹性压接型IGBT器件子模组封装绝缘结构中的瞬态电场分布。结果表明两种工况下,封装绝缘结构中最大电场强度均出现在芯片/聚酰亚胺(PI)钝化层界面上,且由于介质分界面两侧的绝缘材料介电常数和电导率参数不匹配,分界面上将会积累电荷。界面电荷密度随着时间逐渐增大,并影响电场分布,使得子模组中最大电场强度的模值和位置随时间发生变化。同时,单次关断工况下,最大电场强度的模值会更大。此外,该文提出通过改变器件中使用的绝缘材料,提高界面处的材料参数匹配程度,可以实现对子模组内电场分布的改善。该文所提方法能显著降低器件内部最大电场强度的模值,可为弹性压接型IGBT器件的封装绝缘结构设计和优化提供参考。

基于时间域半空间Green函数建立的边界积分方程及其在动态破裂模拟中的应用

研究地震断层的自发破裂传播可以为通过震源过程了解地球介质应力状态提供理论基础,有助于理解震源破裂的机理和规律,在震源动力学研究中具有重要的地位.边界积分方程方法是研究地震断层破裂传播问题的常用方法之一,在处理复杂断层系统方面具有优势.本文从半无限空间Green函数的时间域积分形式解出发,推导出离散化的边界积分方程积分核,并将其分别应用到平面断层和弯折断层两种断层模型的动力学破裂过程的模拟中.模拟结果表明,当破裂传播到自由表面处时,会产生反射震相,反射震相与直达震相的耦合效应会导致自由表面处的破裂传播速率明显加快,同时这种耦合效应也可以促进破裂在断层弯折部位的传播.对于断层有一定埋深的情况,自由表面对破裂过程的影响较小,因而自由表面的效应仅在断层直接与地表相交或者断层上沿距离地表很近时需要纳入考虑范围.本文将自由表面的影响加入到断层的自发破裂传播研究中,有助于更真实地了解复杂断层系统中的动力学破裂过程.

广州两次雷暴过程地闪与大气电场特征对比分析

利用安装于广州塔塔顶500 m的大气电场仪(简称电场)数据、广州双偏振雷达资料、粤港澳闪电定位系统数据和ERA5再分析资料等数据,对比分析了2020年8月15日和9月23日广州两次雷暴天气过程的地闪活动特征以及地闪活动与电场变化特征的关系。结果表明:由局地热力不稳定引起的“局地性雷暴”地闪频次低、伴随弱降水,而由中尺度系统引发的“系统性雷暴”地闪频次高、伴随短时强降水。两次过程的地闪频次和电场变化呈双峰分布,地闪爆发时电场变化显著,频域能量达到峰值。“系统性雷暴”的消亡阶段电场在正负极之间大幅度缓慢波动,呈现阻尼振荡(End Of Storm-Oscillation,EOSO)特征,而“局地性雷暴”消亡时电场未出现此特征。时域下电场剧烈变化和频域能量明显提高时,意味着雷暴云团正在靠近或附近有闪电发生;电场频域能量迅速减小且集中于低频段,表明雷暴正在消亡或远离测站。电场的时频特征对雷暴的生消具有指示性作用,为电场数据与其他资料融合应用于雷电风险预警予以参考。

一种处理弹性动力边界元法中奇异积分的方法

利用边界元法求解瞬态弹性动力学问题时,时域基本解函数的分段连续性和奇异性为该问题的求解带来很大的困难。为了解决时域基本解中的奇异性问题,本文依据柯西主值的定义,对经过时间解析积分之后的时域基本解进行奇异值分解,将其分成奇异和正则积分两部分;其中正则部分可通过采用常规高斯积分方法来计算,而奇异部分具有简单的形式,可以利用解析积分计算。经过上述操作之后,就可以达到直接消除时域基本解中奇异积分的目的。和传统方法相比,本文方法并不依赖静力学基本解来消除奇异性,是一种直接求解方法。最后给定两个数值算例来验证本文提出方法的正确性和可行性,结果表明使用本文算法可以解决弹性动力学边界积分方程中的奇异性问题。

低频宽脉冲电场作用下钢筋笼结构的时域峰值屏蔽效能

针对低频宽脉冲电场的高能量电磁环境,研究了防护工程中钢筋笼结构的时域耦合响应和峰值屏蔽效能规律,为地面核爆辐射区域敏感电子设备的正常运行提供有效参考。采用多组不同上升沿的宽脉冲模拟激励源,结合频域矩量法和Fourier逆变换,给出了有效且计算耗时较短的宽脉冲时域耦合计算方案,并对10种不同结构的钢筋笼在不同脉冲辐射下的瞬态耦合响应进行了计算。分析了时域峰值屏蔽效能的规律,并给出了实验测量结果进行验证,为难以开展的钢筋笼屏蔽实验提供了有效和简单的计算方案,同时,给出了部分钢筋笼的电场时域峰值屏蔽效能。结果表明,相比增加钢筋直径和钢筋笼大小,增加钢筋笼的层数和减小钢筋网孔的尺寸可以更加有效地防止低频宽脉冲电场耦合进入钢筋笼内部;另外,钢筋笼内部的时域响应较为均匀,达到了区域性的有效电场电磁防护。

时域有限差分方法分析水下目标散射电场分布

水下目标的散射电场分布是水下电磁探测的重点研究方向。通过建立三维海水色散介质中时域有限差分电磁计算模型,对水下目标全空间电场强度的总场和散射场分布进行了系统的研究。结果表明,入射电磁波频率f变化会导致散射电场极值大小及位置发生改变,整体幅值正比于■,且频率越低,散射电场极值位置距离目标越远;在目标电导率0~2 000 S/m区间内散射电场幅值增幅明显,而后变化趋于稳定,散射电场极值正比于ln σ。通过系统分析和计算,分析了水下散射电场幅值变化规律,探讨了频率和目标电导率对水下目标散射电场的影响,可为水下电磁探测应用提供理论参考。

便携式轨检仪轨道中短波高低不平顺检测方法研究

根据便携式轨检仪解算轨道高低不平顺的原理,推导出姿态角解算轨道高低不平顺的有效波长范围。针对姿态角在中短波范围解算的不足,在便携式轨检仪中安装加速度计。参照轴箱加速度积分法原理,建立了轨道高低不平顺激励的车-轨耦合模型,分析了波长和车速对轴箱加速度解算精度的影响,结合仿真结果,提出基于轴箱加速度的轨道中短波高低不平顺检测方法,包括时域积分算法、趋势项消除方法、粗误差消除方法。为验证该方法的准确性,应用GCYⅡ-300型轨道车在准池铁路高家堡站—八里铺站进行了现场试验。采用上述方法对实测数据进行处理,得到试验区间轨道的高低不平顺幅值大部分在±10 mm以内,最高峰值为12 mm,与轨检数据近似。研究结果表明,在中短波范围内,轴箱垂向加速度可以准确反映轨道高低不平顺特征,便携式轨检仪检测精度满足相关技术要求。