Mashhad, the second largest city in Iran, like many other big cities, is faced with increasing traffic congestion owing to rapidly increasing population and annual pilgrimage. In recent years, Mashhad traffic and tran...Mashhad, the second largest city in Iran, like many other big cities, is faced with increasing traffic congestion owing to rapidly increasing population and annual pilgrimage. In recent years, Mashhad traffic and transportation authorities have been challenged with how to manage the increasing congestion with limited budgets for major roadway construction projects. Mashhad has recognized the need to improve the existing system capacity to get the most out of their cur- rent transportation system infrastructures. Since most of the delay times occur at signalized intersections, using an intelligent control system with proper capabilities to overcome the growing traffic requirements is recommended. Following comprehensive studies carried out with the aim of developing the Mashhad traffic control center, the SCATS adaptive traffic control system was introduced as the selected intelligent control system for integrating signalized intersections. The first intersection was equipped with this system in 2005. This paper describes the results of a field evaluation in which fixed actuated-coordinated signal timings are compared with those dynamically computed by SCATS. The ef- fects of this system on optimizing fuel consumption as well as reducing air pollutants are fully discussed. It is found that SCATS consistently reduced travel times and the average delay per stopped or approaching vehicle. The positive impact of adaptive traffic control systems on fuel consumption and air pollution are also highlighted.展开更多
This paper presents a novel transformer magnetic biasing control method for high-power high-performance AC power supplies. Serious consequences due to magnetic biasing and several methods to overcome magnetic biasing ...This paper presents a novel transformer magnetic biasing control method for high-power high-performance AC power supplies. Serious consequences due to magnetic biasing and several methods to overcome magnetic biasing are first discussed. The causes of the transformer magnetic biasing are then analyzed in detail. The proposed method is based on a high-pass filter inserted in the forward path and the feedforward control. Without testing magnetic biasing of transformer, this method can eliminate magnetic biasing of transformer completely in real-time waveform feedback control systems though the zero error of the Hall effect sensors varies with time and temperature. The method has already been employed in a 90KVA AC power supply. It is shown that it offers improved performance over existing ones. In this method, no sensors are used such that the zero error of the Hall effect sensors has not any influence on the system. It is simple to design and implement. Furthermore, the method is suitable for various power applications.展开更多
We study the thermal effect on skin exposed to an electromagnetic beam of time-dependent power. We consider two types of beam power time schedules. In the controlled temperature exposure, the skin surface temperature ...We study the thermal effect on skin exposed to an electromagnetic beam of time-dependent power. We consider two types of beam power time schedules. In the controlled temperature exposure, the skin surface temperature is increased quickly to a prescribed level using a high beam power;then the surface temperature is maintained at the prescribed level by adjusting the beam power adaptively. In the constant power exposure, the applied beam power is relatively low and stays unchanged over the time. We start both types of exposures at the same time and compare their internal temperatures of skin when they have the same surface temperature. In a non-dimensionalized formulation, we show that at the moment when both exposure types reach the same prescribed surface temperature level, the controlled temperature exposure has a higher internal temperature at all depths. This conclusion is mathematically rigorous and is independent of skin material properties.展开更多
针对基于欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型的有源电力滤波器(active power fil-ter,APF)无源控制方法在受到数学模型不精确、系统参数摄动等干扰情况下稳态跟踪精度欠佳的问题,根据APF的基本原理,对基于EL模型的APF无源性控制规律...针对基于欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型的有源电力滤波器(active power fil-ter,APF)无源控制方法在受到数学模型不精确、系统参数摄动等干扰情况下稳态跟踪精度欠佳的问题,根据APF的基本原理,对基于EL模型的APF无源性控制规律进行数学推导表明:依靠系统自然阻尼收敛的APF无源性控制律相当于引入前馈和解耦的开环控制方法;向系统注入阻尼的APF无源控制规律相当于在引入前馈和解耦的开环控制基础上加入了比例反馈控制,因此无法实现对期望平衡点的无静差跟踪和系统中"死区效应"等周期性干扰的抑制。为了提高APF无源控制的稳态跟踪精度,提出利用重复控制补偿的APF无源性控制方案。仿真和实验表明所提方法保留了原方法动态响应速度快等优点的同时提高了系统的稳态跟踪精度和干扰情况下的鲁棒性。展开更多
文摘Mashhad, the second largest city in Iran, like many other big cities, is faced with increasing traffic congestion owing to rapidly increasing population and annual pilgrimage. In recent years, Mashhad traffic and transportation authorities have been challenged with how to manage the increasing congestion with limited budgets for major roadway construction projects. Mashhad has recognized the need to improve the existing system capacity to get the most out of their cur- rent transportation system infrastructures. Since most of the delay times occur at signalized intersections, using an intelligent control system with proper capabilities to overcome the growing traffic requirements is recommended. Following comprehensive studies carried out with the aim of developing the Mashhad traffic control center, the SCATS adaptive traffic control system was introduced as the selected intelligent control system for integrating signalized intersections. The first intersection was equipped with this system in 2005. This paper describes the results of a field evaluation in which fixed actuated-coordinated signal timings are compared with those dynamically computed by SCATS. The ef- fects of this system on optimizing fuel consumption as well as reducing air pollutants are fully discussed. It is found that SCATS consistently reduced travel times and the average delay per stopped or approaching vehicle. The positive impact of adaptive traffic control systems on fuel consumption and air pollution are also highlighted.
文摘This paper presents a novel transformer magnetic biasing control method for high-power high-performance AC power supplies. Serious consequences due to magnetic biasing and several methods to overcome magnetic biasing are first discussed. The causes of the transformer magnetic biasing are then analyzed in detail. The proposed method is based on a high-pass filter inserted in the forward path and the feedforward control. Without testing magnetic biasing of transformer, this method can eliminate magnetic biasing of transformer completely in real-time waveform feedback control systems though the zero error of the Hall effect sensors varies with time and temperature. The method has already been employed in a 90KVA AC power supply. It is shown that it offers improved performance over existing ones. In this method, no sensors are used such that the zero error of the Hall effect sensors has not any influence on the system. It is simple to design and implement. Furthermore, the method is suitable for various power applications.
文摘We study the thermal effect on skin exposed to an electromagnetic beam of time-dependent power. We consider two types of beam power time schedules. In the controlled temperature exposure, the skin surface temperature is increased quickly to a prescribed level using a high beam power;then the surface temperature is maintained at the prescribed level by adjusting the beam power adaptively. In the constant power exposure, the applied beam power is relatively low and stays unchanged over the time. We start both types of exposures at the same time and compare their internal temperatures of skin when they have the same surface temperature. In a non-dimensionalized formulation, we show that at the moment when both exposure types reach the same prescribed surface temperature level, the controlled temperature exposure has a higher internal temperature at all depths. This conclusion is mathematically rigorous and is independent of skin material properties.
文摘针对基于欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型的有源电力滤波器(active power fil-ter,APF)无源控制方法在受到数学模型不精确、系统参数摄动等干扰情况下稳态跟踪精度欠佳的问题,根据APF的基本原理,对基于EL模型的APF无源性控制规律进行数学推导表明:依靠系统自然阻尼收敛的APF无源性控制律相当于引入前馈和解耦的开环控制方法;向系统注入阻尼的APF无源控制规律相当于在引入前馈和解耦的开环控制基础上加入了比例反馈控制,因此无法实现对期望平衡点的无静差跟踪和系统中"死区效应"等周期性干扰的抑制。为了提高APF无源控制的稳态跟踪精度,提出利用重复控制补偿的APF无源性控制方案。仿真和实验表明所提方法保留了原方法动态响应速度快等优点的同时提高了系统的稳态跟踪精度和干扰情况下的鲁棒性。
